2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第14期

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Some of this meat came from Canada. How about （ ）?问题1选项A.anotherB.othersC.the otherD.the rest【答案】D【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat 是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？2. 单选题Hundreds of people （ ）on the playground for watching the

2、Dragon Lantern show.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conformedC.conferredD.converged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contrive “发明，设计”；conform “符合，遵照”；confer “授予，给予”；converge “聚集”。句意：数百人聚集在广场上看龙灯表演。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题I feel rather at a（ ） talking to her, because she is so clever.问题1选项A.defectB.faultC.disadvantageD.mistake【答案】C【解析】考查名词

3、词义辨析。defect“缺点，缺陷”；fault“错误，缺点，毛病”；disadvantage“缺点，不利条件，损失”；mistake “错误，误会，过失”。句意：我感觉跟她谈话不占优势，因为她太聪明了。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Relief organizations have contributed （ ）money to famine in Africa.问题1选项A.both time andB.time butC.neither time andD.neither time nor【答案】A【解析】考查连接词的用法。句意：救援组织为非洲的饥荒出钱出力。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题R

4、esearch can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not （ ）into marketable good and service.问题1选项A.launchedB.translatedC.dissectedD.conveyed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。launch “发射，发行”；translate “翻译，转化”；dissect “仔细分析”；convey “传达，运输”。根据句意“如果新的科学发现没有转化为市场商品和服务，科学研究没有经济影响”，选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Much

5、of the language used to describe mometary policy, such as“steering the economy to a soft landing”or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags b

6、efore policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of mometary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast

7、 about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1980s and early 1990s.It is

8、also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 2003 the panel of economists which The Economists polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 2004. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and

9、 Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflat

10、ion figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas，have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen be

11、low most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little, defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended t

12、he old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.1.According to the text, making monetary policy changes（ ）.2.From the passage we learn that（ ）.3.The passage suggests that（ ）.4.By saying This is no flash in the pan (in Paragraph 3) the author implies that（

13、 ）.5.How does the author feel about the present situation?问题1选项A.is comparable to driving a carB.is similar to carrying out scientific workC.will not influence the economy immediatelyD.will have an immediate impact on the inflation rates问题2选项A.there is a clear relationship between inflation and inte

14、rest ratesB.the economy always follows particular trendsC.the current economic problems are entirely predictableD.the present economic situation is better than expected问题3选项A.the previous economic models are still applicable.B.an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.a high unemploymen

15、t rate will result from inflation.D.interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.问题4选项A.the low inflation rate will continueB.the inflation rate will rise againC.inflation will disappear entirelyD.there is no inflation at present问题5选项A.Tolerant.B.Indifferent.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.【答案】

16、第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到政策对经济的影响是需要很长一段时间的（and there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy），选项C的描述与之相符，所以符合题意。2.文章第一段提到利率与通货膨胀的关系并不明确（The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain）所以选项A排除；文章提到近年来的经济状况出乎人们的预期，与预测的不一样，所以选项B和C不符合。所以选项D符合

17、题意。3.文章第四段最后一句话the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past提到过去认为失业率低于正常失业率时候，通货膨胀会上升，选项B符合题意。4.This is no flash in the pan 指的是“这不是昙花一现”。文章第三段提到了美国、英国、日本在2004年的低通货膨胀率后指出，事实上，在过往的几年中，这些国家的通货膨胀率一直低于预测（It is also less than most forecasters had predicted）。选项A符合题意。5.文章多次表示现在的经济状况好得出乎人们的预料，所以选

18、项D符合题意。7. 单选题As long as we dont lose heart, I believe we can achieve our goal（ ） .问题1选项A.in the long runB.in the first placeC.on the wholeD.at least【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。in the long run “从长远来看；最终”；in the first place “首先;起初”；on the whole “基本上；就全体而论”；at least “至少”。句意：只要我们不失去信心，那么我相信我们最终可以达成我们的目标。选项A符合题意。8

19、. 单选题The greatest devastation of old age is the loss of mental faculties, and with the near doubling of life expectancy in the past century has come the mixed blessing of living longer and losing more. A few great thinkers and artists remained productive in their later years Galileo, Monet, Shaw, St

20、ravinsky, Tolstoy but even they were not what they had been in their primes. In science, the boom falls sooner still:“ person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so,”said Einstein.Imagine if we could transplant old brains into younger bodies: would o

21、ur minds stay young, or would we be senile teenagers, scaling mountains and skateboarding at 120, but forgetting where we put the car keys? Is the brain uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time? Can anything be done?Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education

22、 and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower cognitive losses in old age. These benefits apply to all sorts of cognitive losses, including those associated with Alzheimers. Some researchers believe that mental application in early life produces complex neural connections that pr

23、ovide a reserve later onothers argue that education merely gives people the means to cope with and compensate for their losses.K. Warner Schaie, a professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, has studied age-related change in more than 5, 000 people, some for more

24、than 40 years.Comparing earlier with later recruits, Mr. Schaie concludes that the rate of mental decline is slowing，a change he attributes to better education, healthier diet, lessened exposure to serious disease, and more mental activity. “Youve got to practice,” Mr. Schaie says, “If you dont solv

25、e problems, you no longer can solve problems. ” Retirement can be particularly hard, he adds, because for many people, work is their most challenging activity. “Retirement is good for people who,ve had routine jobs they may find something more stimulating. But its disadvantageous for people in high-

26、level jobs, who are less likely to find something as stimulating as the job they had. ”K. Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, confirms Mr. Schaies emphasis on the virtue of practice. Initially interested in expert performers like musicians, he found that many ostensi

27、ble geniuses arent really so different from everyone else they just practice harder and longer, benefiting from sheer labor, rather than from some special gift. Professional musicians who continue to practice assiduously as they age continue to play well, while amateurs who just play for pleasure sh

28、ow age-related declines.Mr. Ericssons studies failed to show significant generalized benefits from mental exercise. “If you play tennis, you improve your general fitness, but the greatest improvement is specific to tennis, not to other sports. Its the same with cognitive exercise. You have to look a

29、t your life and pick what you want to improve. ”1.According to the text, most great thinkers and artists（ ）2.The third passage tells us that higher levels of education（ ） .3.In this text the authors main intent is to（ ） .4.Retirement can be good for people who（ ） .5.The last paragraph tells us that

30、mental exercise（ ）.问题1选项A.were productive even in their later yearsB.were most successful before the age of 30C.made contributions regardless of ageD.contributed the most before old age问题2选项A.can help prevent AlzheimersB.are related to greater mental awareness in youthC.are related to lower levels o

31、f mental decline in old ageD.are only of many factors that can slow the rate of mental decline问题3选项A.underscore the difficulties related to agingB.critique different theories of mental decline in old ageC.argue that old age need not be a barrier to great accomplishmentsD.understand how people can co

32、unter the impacts of aging on mental faculties问题4选项A.have always had very busy work livesB.can find more stimulating activities than they had through workC.have had high-level jobs or very stimulating work experiencesD.have previously had unsatisfying work experiences问题5选项A.offers benefits specific

33、to that kind of exerciseB.should be paired with physical exercise for maximum benefitC.is comparable to physical activities in terms of its importance to overall healthD.can counter age-related mental decline【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到很少的思想家和艺术家在他们晚年依然保持创造力，比如伽利略，莫内，肖恩等，但是远远不及他们的壮年

34、时期。选项D符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句话Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower cognitive losses in old age。选项C的表述与之相近，所以符合题意。3.文章在第一段提出年老会使人智力下降，接着列举了几位研究人员关于这个问题的研究，主要关于老年脑力和认知能力衰退的情况，还有受教育程度和工作种类对智力衰退的影响。 A、

35、C两个选项很容易排除；文章并没有将重点放在如何解决年老带来的问题，所以D选项也排除。选项B符合题意。4.文章第四段Retirement is good for people whove had routine jobsthey may find something more stimulating.选项B的描述与之相近，所以符合题意。5.文章最后一段第一句话提到研究并不能表明脑力锻炼能够产生全面的好处。之后举打网球的例子进一步说明脑力锻炼只能获得与此锻炼相关联的好处，选项A与此信息一致。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题（ ） trouble, Im going to forget the whol

36、e affair.问题1选项A.Than rather causeB.Rather causingC.Rather than causeD.Rather than caused【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Rather than do sth.是固定搭配，意为“与其做某事”。句意：与其惹麻烦，我打算忘记整件事情。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Miss Helen always buys（ ）priced clothes.问题1选项A.higherB.highC.highestD.highly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题（

37、）, he remains very modest.问题1选项A.Though his contributionsB.He made great contributionsC.For all his great contributionsD.However his great contributions【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。Though 与however为连词，后面要接句子，不能接名词，所以选项A和D排除；选项B是一个完整的句子，空格后面也是一个完整的句子，中间没有任何连词，所以选项B排除。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Whenever possible, Ian （ ）how we

38、ll he speaks Japanese.问题1选项A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。show up “显而易见，到场”；show around “带 参观”；show off “炫耀，展示”；show out “送出（客人）”。句意：只要有可能，伊恩就会向我们炫耀他说日语的能力。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题（ ） he tried to understand Shakespeares tragedies, he failed all the same.问题1选项A.Hard asB.As har

39、dC.Hard althoughD.Though hard【答案】A【解析】考查as 引导的让步状语从句。句意：虽然他尽力去理解莎士比亚的悲剧作品，但是却仍然失败了。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emo

40、tion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world; it can be created by a persons thoughts.Everyone has

41、 emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only leams his emotions, but also learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.Psychologists think that there

42、are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a

43、person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make

44、it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.1.

45、We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ ）3.The authors purpose of writing this passage is to（ ）.4.We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if（ ）.5.As used in the last sentence, the wor

46、d“drains”means（ ）.问题1选项A.one thinks bad or goodB.one feels in dangerC.one faces in the outside worldD.one tries to escape from in real life问题2选项A.Children learn emotions as they grow up.B.Babies are born with emotions.C.Emotions fall into two types in general.D.People can cope with the negative emot

47、ions in life.问题3选项A.explain why people have emotionsB.show how people avoid the negative emotionsC.explain what people should do before emotionsD.define and classify peoples emotions问题4选项A.he cannot think properlyB.he cannot pay attention to itC.he cannot adjust himself to itD.he is not full of ener

48、gy问题5选项A.stopsB.tiesC.weakensD.flows gradually【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一句according to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good提到人的情感是由于人或者动物将某物视作好或坏的时候。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句many psychologists believe that infants are born without emoti

49、ons提到婴儿被认为生下来没有情感。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章主要介绍了什么是人类的情感，有哪些种类，所以选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段倒数第二句for example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly提到参加考试的学生害怕考试失败而难以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考试就可能失败。所以选项A符合题意。5.题干中的 drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是担忧将人们所需的经历削弱，选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The roof（ ） un

50、der the weight of the snow.问题1选项A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “跌下，掉落”；submerge “淹没，沉浸”；collapse “倒塌”；descend “下降，下去”。句意：在大雪的压迫下，房顶坍塌了。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题In the end, the police had to（ ） to force in order to break up the crowd.问题1选项A.confineB.withdrawC.employD.appeal【答案】D【

51、解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine “限制；禁闭”； withdraw “撤退；离开；收回”；employ “使用，采用；雇用”；appeal “呼吁；上诉；诉诸于”。句意：最后，警察为了驱散人群只能诉诸于武力。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always （ ） too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词

52、义辨析。prescribe “规定；开药；开处方”；order “命令；整理；定购”；deliver “交付；递送”；advise “建议”。句意：如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评，因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题How many times did the clock（ ） ?问题1选项A.hitB.knockC.beatD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。strike可以用来表示“敲打钟表”，其他的词则不行，所以选项D符合题意。19. 单选题You must remember not to（ ） from the point when you

53、 write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题（ ） her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give【答案】C【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given 充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。