2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第41期

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, Sally has developed the habit of at people.问题1选项A.peeringB.gazingC.glancingD.scanning【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思，但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详；gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”，因此可知选项A符合题意。句意：由于有点近

2、视，萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。2. 单选题“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance to it. “

3、I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,，” and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It depends on what de

4、finition of opinion you have in mind. D.For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion he means his per

5、sonal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not state their p

6、ersonal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment.

7、 Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. D.We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do n

8、ot harm others.1. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that .2. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that .3. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on ones opinion .问题1选项A.personal tastes are not something to be challengedB.it is unwise to express ones l

9、ikes and dislikes in publicC.it is foolish to criticize a famous brandD.one should not always agree to others opinions问题2选项A.it is a result of a lot of controversyB.it reflects public likes and dislikesC.it is based on careful thoughtD.it is stated by judges in the court问题3选项A.means that one can imp

10、ose his preference on othersB.means that one can ignore other peoples criticismC.doesnt mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceD.doesnt mean that one has the right to do things at will【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（For its obvious that by opinion he me

11、ans his personal preference, a matter of taste），因此选项A符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation），因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（We are free to act on our opini

12、ons only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。3. 单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come out “出现；出版”；find out “找出”；expose

13、“揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The decision of the university to close the swimming pool at weekends an angry reaction among students.问题1选项A.nurturedB.provokedC.cultivatedD.stimulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured “培育”；provoked “激起，挑衅”；cultivated “发展；耕作”；stim

14、ulated “促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈的反对。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题，这种情况非常罕见。此处是there be句型，根据句子结构，可知此处并不缺少谓语动词，因而只能使用非谓语动词，选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Of recent invention

15、s, it is perhaps the motor car which has our lives more than anything else.问题1选项A.transformedB.transmittedC.transferredD.transplanted【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transformed “转变”；transmitted “传输”；transferred “转移”； transplanted “移植”。句意：在最近的发明中，也许汽车比其他任何东西都更能改变我们的生活。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题These days, Jenny has consumed a

16、 lot and has a whole of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stackB.pileC.numberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。a stack of bills “一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。8. 翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course

17、 of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place,

18、the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.9. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；def

19、end “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。10. 单选题Some people complain doctors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.advisingB.deliveringC.orderingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Advise “建议”；deliver “交付；递送”；order “命令”；prescribe “开药方”。句意：一些人抱怨医生总是给小病开很多药。选项D符合题意

20、。11. 单选题By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。make a commitment “承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题The greatest social change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there

21、 has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were fiv

22、e years old. D.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a w

23、omans youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and she is likely to take paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenient foods.This important

24、change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic position. Even a few year ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. B.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it

25、. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job. B.Such changes have led t

26、o a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.1. According the pass

27、age, the woman of today usually .2. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .3. Many girls the passage claims are now likely to .4. According to the passage, it is now quite usually for women to .5. Nowadays, a husband tends to .问题1选项A.gets married instead of getting paid workB.

28、marries before she is twenty-fiveC.has more children under fifteenD.has fewer children问题2选项A.is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselvesB.does not like children herselfC.does not need to worry about food for her childrenD.can retire from family responsibilities when she reac

29、hes sixty问题3选项A.give up their jobs for good after they are marriedB.leave school as soon as they canC.marry so that they can get a jobD.continue working until they are going to have babies问题4选项A.stay at home after leaving schoolB.marry men younger than themselvesC.start working again later in lifeD.

30、marry while still at school问题5选项A.share more family dutiesB.help his wife by doing most of the household workC.feel dissatisfied with his role in the familyD.take a part-time job so that he can help in the home【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Today women marry younger

31、 and have fewer children），因此选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born可知选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之

32、前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工作（Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job），因此选项C符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties andsatisfactions可知选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The Forbidden City is the former i

33、mperial palace in the center of Beijing, China. A.Construction began in 1406, and the emperors court officially moved in by 1420. The Forbidden City got its name because most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls. Even government officials and the imperial family

34、were permitted only limited access. Only the emperor could enter any section at will.The architecture of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles. All buildings within the walls follow a north-south line, and the most important ones face south to honor the sun. The desig

35、ners arranged the other buildings, and the ceremonial spaces between them, to impress all visitors with the great power of the Emperor, while reinforcing the insignificance of the individual. This architectural concept was carried out to the smallest detail. For example, the importance of a building

36、 was determined not only by its height or width but also by the style of its roof and the quantity of statuettes placed on the roofs ridges.In recognition of the importance of its unparalleled architecture, UNESCO added the palace to its World Heritage List in 1987. Today, visitors from all over the

37、 world do not wait for an imperial invitation to walk about this palace, now a museum of imperial art.One of the most impressive landmarks of the Forbidden City is the Meridian Gate, the formal entrance to the southern side of the Forbidden City. The gate, with its auxiliary wings on either side of

38、the entryway, is 38 meters high at its roof ridge. When you stand in front of this majestic structure, you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial proclamations.As you walk through the gate, you come into a large courtyard, 140 meters long and 210 meters wide. Run

39、ning through the courtyard is the Golden River, which is crossed by five parallel white marble bridges. These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony, which, in turn, leads to the heart of the Forbidden City. Its three main halls stand atop a three-tiered marble terrace overlooking an immense pl

40、aza. A.The plaza has enough space to hold tens of thousands of subjects paying homage to the emperor.At the northernmost end of the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden, which is totally different from the rest of the compound. D.Instead of rigid formality, you see a seeming spontaneous arrangement

41、 of trees, fishponds, flowerbeds, and sculpture. Here is the place of relaxation for the emperor.1. From the passage, it can be inferred that .2. From the passage, it is implied that the main entrance area to the Forbidden City is .3. Which phrase is closest in meaning to the word “proclamations” in

42、 paragraph 4?4. According to the passage, what do the bridges over the Golden River lead to?问题1选项A.Chinese architects borrowed ideas from many different countriesB.the design of the Forbidden City is dull and colorlessC.the architecture of the Forbidden City exemplifies traditional Chinese valuesD.t

43、he garden of the Forbidden City was laid out in a strict, rectangular pattern问题2选项A.surrounded by three tall wallsB.painted gold and greenC.decorated with statuettesD.not very impressive问题3选项A.Music composed for public ceremoniesB.Speeches encouraging soldiers to fightC.Official public announcements

44、D.Poetry written for the emperor问题4选项A.The Meridian gateB.The Gate of Supreme HarmonyC.The center of BeijingD.The Imperial Gardens【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到紫禁城的建筑严格遵循中国的传统原则（The architecture of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles），由此可知选项C“紫禁城的建筑

45、体现了中国传统的价值观”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到紫禁城得名于大多数人被禁止进入这个区域，周围有围墙（The Forbidden City got its name because most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls），由此可知进入紫禁城的入口是被高墙围住，因此选项A符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到当你站在这座雄伟的建筑前，你就能理解人们站在那里聆听帝王宣言的敬畏之情（When you stand in front of this m

46、ajestic structure, you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial proclamations），由此可知选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章 第五段第三句These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony可知选项B符合题意。14. 单选题_ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According

47、 toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。but for “要不是；如果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for all “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Some analysts consider the process of automation a second industrial revolution with the potentiality for a social upheaval that marked the birth

48、of the factory a century and a half ago. Others insist it is just another step in industrys progress toward greater efficiency, no different in its basic attributes from any of the technological advances that have helped raise American wages, employment totals and living standards.Congressional inve

49、stigations, puzzled about what action the government should take, have been told by union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment and by business executives that it will bring unparalleled prosperity.Engineers say that push-button factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which

50、the week-end will be longer than the week. Educators see all this leisure promoting a scholastic renaissance in which cultural attainments will become the yardstick of social recognition for workers and boss alike. Gloomier observers fear the trend toward “inhuman production” will end by making men

51、obsolete.1. The passage is primarily concerned with .2. Which of the following statements is true?3. The position of the author is to .4. Whose opinion indicates that automation is a great threat to social stability?问题1选项A.robots at workB.machines vs. mankindC.speculations on automationD.our rising

52、standard of living问题2选项A.The government favors automation.B.Industry has made great advances in the past 150 years.C.Engineers oppose automation.D.More people favor automation than oppose it.问题3选项A.present unfavorable opinions on automationB.convince the readers of the benefits of automationC.presen

53、t different opinions on automationD.urge the government to promote automation问题4选项A.EducatorsB.Union leadersC.Some analystsD.Some observers【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了不同人对automation(自动化)的看法，因此选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段第一句话提到工程师们认为自动化的工厂可能最终会使那些能在一周内完成的工作延长时间（Engineers say that push-button

54、factories may eventually permit a work schedule in which the week-end will be longer than the week），由此可以推测出工程师们对自动化是持反对意见的，因此选项C符合题意。3.主旨大意题。作者客观陈述了不同人对自动化的看法，并没有带有自己的观点或者评价，因此选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第二段提到工会领导人认为自动化会导致大规模失业（union leaders that automation threatens mass unemployment），而大规模失业肯定会影响社会安定，因此选项B符合

55、题意。16. 单选题While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in favor of “支持，赞同”；in honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。17. 填空题The Food

56、 and Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that currently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.Changes inclu

57、de requirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamination in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how to execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation

58、meet certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooked. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their hands, _7_ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked a

59、t temperatures high enough to kill bacteria.Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estimated that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollars a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margar

60、et Hamburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules would protect consumers better.【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，_防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断a

61、im针对、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The _rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。3. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程_在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由_如何执行这

62、些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“While food producers would have”可判断空格部分“food _”。句意为：食品_需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品_煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和接触、接触到。7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里_便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者_是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。