2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第120期

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Those who are _ of all common sense would be easily taken in by tricks that are frequently exposed by the wise.问题1选项A.deprivedB.devoidC.strippedD.snatched【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项devoid“缺乏的；全无的”；C选项stripped“剥去的”；D选项snatched“一把抓起；夺

2、去；抓紧时间做；反败为胜”。根据固定搭配be devoid of“缺乏；没有的；毫无的；没有”可知句意为：那些缺乏常识的人很容易上当，而这些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B选项正确。2. 单选题The choir slowly walked through the （ ）of the church as they sang.问题1选项A.passageB.laneC.isleD.aisle【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。passage意为“通道，走廊”；lane意为“(乡间)小路，小巷，胡同”；isle意为“岛，小岛”；aisle意为“(教堂、戏院、火车等座位间或超级市场货架间的)走道，过道”。

3、由the church（教堂）可知选D。句意：唱诗班在唱诗的时候慢慢地穿过教堂的过道。3. 单选题As a（ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。flexible意为“灵活的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多种技能的”；sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；productive意为“多产的，有效益的”。由

4、句子后面的内容可知他会很多才艺，因此选B。句意：作为一名多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞并能演奏好几种乐器。4. 单选题Just for fun, they decided to try a very （ ）country road instead of the more direct super-highway.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.circuitousC.deciduousD.nefarious【答案】B【解析】查形容词辨析。ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；circuitous意为“迂回的，绕行的”；deciduous意为“每年落叶的，非永久性的”；nefar

5、ious意为“极坏的，恶毒的”。由instead of（而不是）可知“_country road（乡村道路）”与“direct super-highway（直达高速公路）”相比较，因此选B。句意：仅是为了好玩，他们决定尝试一条非常迂回的乡村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。5. 单选题The Space Age（ ）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched, by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析

6、】考查动词辨析。initiate意为“开始，发起，创始”，指首创某事，但并不意味着将某事进行到底；originate意为“起源于，来自，产生”；embark意为“上船，着手，从事”一般开始指新的、困难的会令人激动的事；commence意为“开始发生，开始，着手”，尤指重大的事件及历史时期的开始。句意：1957年10月苏联第一颗人造卫星的发射开启了太空时代。6. 单选题The Malaysian administration ruled that the evidence about the missing MH370 was inadmissible on the grounds that i

7、t was impertinent.问题1选项A.irrationalB.unreasonableC.invalidD.irrelevant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。impertinent意为“不相干的，不恰当的；粗鲁的”；irrational意为“不合理的，荒谬的”；unreasonable意为“不合理的，荒唐的”；invalid意为“无效的”；irrelevant意为“无关紧要的，不相关的”。句意：马来西亚政府裁定，关于失踪的MH370的证据是不可接受的，因为它是不相关的。7. 单选题Many people think of deserts as（ ）regions, but nu

8、merous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.问题1选项A.barrenB.virginC.voidD.wretched【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren意为“贫瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意为“未开发的，原始状态的”；void意为“无效的，空的”；wretched意为“不幸的，悲惨的”。but前后的内容含义转折关系，再根据人们通常对desert（沙漠）的印象是广阔无垠的荒地，因此选A。句意：许多人认为沙漠是不毛之地，但是许多种类的植物和动物已经适应了那里的生活。8. 单选题In the next f

9、ew years, the term big data will come to seem naive, like when information superhighway gave way to the internet in 1995.Were entering an age of personal big data and its impact on our lives will surpass that of the internet. Data will answer questions we could never before answer with certainty-eve

10、ryday questions like whether that dress actually makes you look fat, or profound questions about precisely how long you will live.Every 20 years or so, a powerful technology moves from the realm of backroom expertise and into the hands of the masses. In the late 1970s, computing made that transition

11、-from mainframes in glass-enclosed rooms to personal computer on desks. In the late 1990s, the first web browsers made networks, which had been for science labs and the military, accessible to any of us, giving birth to the modern internet.Each transition touched off an explosion of innovation and r

12、eshaped work and leisure. In 1975, 50,000 PCs were in use worldwide. Twenty years later, 225 million. The number of internet users in 1995 hit 16 million. Today its more than 3 billion. In much of the world, its hard to imagine life without constant access to both computing and networks.The 2010s wi

13、ll be the coming-out party for data. Gathering, accessing and gleaning insights from vast and deep data has been a capability locked inside enterprises long enough. Cloud computing and mobile devices now make it possible to stand in a bathroom line at a baseball game while tapping into massive compu

14、ting power and databases. On the other hand, connected devices such as the Nest thermostat or Fitbit health monitor and apps on smart phones increasingly collect new kinds of information about everyday personal actions and habits, turning it into data about ourselves.That the world is awash in data

15、may be as obvious as saying Lady Gaga dresses funny. But the game changer ushering in the new era is the ability to make sense of data in ways that let non-tech humans interact with it, learn from it and use it.More than 80 percent of data today is unstructured: tangles of You Tube videos, news stor

16、ies, academic papers, social network comments. Unstructured data has been almost impossible to search for, analyze and mix with other data. A new generation of computers - cognitive computing systems that learn from data - will read tweets or e-books or watch video and comprehend its content. Somewh

17、at like brains, these systems can link diverse bits of data to come up with real answers, not just search results.1.What caused the appearance of modern internet?2.What does the phrase tapping into (paragraph 5) probably mean in the text?3.In which way can we get data about ourselves?4.What is the e

18、ssential difference between traditional computers and cognitive computer systems?5.What can be inferred from the text?问题1选项A.Big dataB.Information superhighwayC.Cloud computingD.Browsers问题2选项A.Sticking into.B.Beating softlyC.Making use ofD.Investing问题3选项A.From everyday personal actions.B.From connec

19、ted devices.C.From everyday personal habits.D.From database.问题4选项A.Cognitive computer systems work faster than traditional computersB.Cognitive computer systems work more accurately.C.Cognitive computer system can work like human brains.D.Cognitive computer systems can search results.问题5选项A.Computin

20、g was in the realm of backroom expertise before 1970s.B.The world is flooded in too much confused data.C.In 1975, 50,000 PCs were in use worldwide.D.Data will answer questions we could never before answer with certainty.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的In the late 1990s, the first we

21、b browsers made networks, which had been for science labs and the military, accessible to any of us, giving birth to the modern internet.（在20世纪90年代后期，第一批网络浏览器使网络可以为我们所用，从而出现了现代的互联网，这些网络曾是专为科学实验室和军队所用）可知选D。2.词义题。sticking into意为“坚持，粘入”；beating softly意为“轻拍”；making use of意为“利用”；investing意为“投资，花费”。根据“tap

22、ping into”在Cloud computing and mobile devices now make it possible to stand in a bathroom line at a baseball game while tapping into massive computing power and databases.（现在云计算和移动设备可以巨大的计算能力和数据库使站在浴室里篮球赛成为可能）中前后的句意，可知C选项最符合语境。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第三段中的On the other hand, connected devices. increasingly coll

23、ect new kinds of information about everyday personal actions and habits, turning it into data about ourselves.（另一方面，连接的设备越来越多地收集有关日常个人行为和习惯的新信息，将其转化为有关自己的数据）可知选B。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的A new generation of computerscognitive computing systems that learn from datawill read tweets or e-books or watch video a

24、nd comprehend its content.（新一代计算机从数据中学习的认知计算系统能阅读推特或电子书或观看视频，能并理解其内容）可知选C。5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中That the world is awash in data may be as obvious as saying Lady Gaga dresses funny.（世界上充斥着大量的数据，这可能和说LadyGaga的服装很有趣一样显而易见）和最后一段中的More than 80 percent of data today is unstructured: tangles of You Tube videos,

25、 news stories, academic papers, social network comments. Unstructured data has been almost impossible to search for, analyze and mix with other data.（今天超过80%的数据是非结构化的：视频、新闻报道、学术论文、社交网络评论。非结构化数据几乎不可能搜索、分析和与其他数据混合）可知B选项“世界上充斥着太多令人困惑的数据”符合题意。9. 单选题The novel contains some marvelous revealing（ ）of rural

26、life in the 19th century.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleamed【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项glance“瞥闪，扫视，匆匆一看”；B选项glimpse“瞥见”；C选项glare“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项gleamed“闪烁；隐约地闪现”。句意：这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥，绝妙而富于启发。glimpse“瞥见”，是glance的结果。“take a glance at .”（看一看）的结果便是“get a glimpse of .”（瞥见了），此句中，小说提到的是19世纪的乡村生活，是结果不是

27、看一看的动作。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题The vitamins are needed for（ ）foods into energy and body maintenance.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。shift意为“转移，挪动”，指位置的改变，切换；transfer意为“转移，调动”，指的是转换工作、学习、搬迁等外在的改变，而物体自身并没有变；alter意为“改变，更改”，指替换（用一个替换另一个）；transform意为“改变”，指形状、外形的改变，物体本身自己形态的改变。

28、句意：维生素是将食物转化为能量和维持身体所必需的。11. 单选题She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks.问题1选项A.upsetB.sadC.voraciousD.satiated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。melancholy意为“悲伤的，忧郁的”；upset意为“心烦的；混乱的”，指因为受挫而沮丧；sad意为“难过的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲伤；voracious意为“贪吃的，求知欲强的”；satiated意为“满足的”。句意：她已经忧郁了将近两周了。12. 单选题The university refused to accept him

29、 because he was not （ ）for admission.问题1选项A.admissibleB.permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。admissible意为“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意为“容许的，许可的”；eligible意为“有资格的，合格的，具备条件的” ；suitable意为“合适的，适当的”。句意：这所大学拒绝接收他，因为他不合入学资格。13. 单选题After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and （ ）that a

30、 gust of wind might have blown him away.问题1选项A.flimsyB.powerlessC.frailD.faint【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。flimsy意为“劣质的，不结实的，薄而易损坏的”；powerless意为“无影响力的，无权的，无能为力”；frail意为“脆弱的，虚弱的”；faint意为“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。由句中的long illness（长期生病）和thin（瘦小的）可知选C。句意：这位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虚弱以致于一直狂风就可能把他吹走。14. 单选题Her doctor is concerned about

31、 the _ of her blood pressure since her last visit.问题1选项A.intensityB.elevationC.boostD.span【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intensity“强度；强烈；亮度；紧张”；B选项elevation“高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图”；C选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；D选项span“跨度，跨距；范围”。句意：自从她上次来看病以来，她的医生很担心她的血压_。血压一般用上升、下降或高、低来形容，句子的意思应该是医生担心她的血压升高，所以B选项正确。15. 单选题Terry Wolfisch Cole ma

32、y seem like an ordinary 40-year-old mom, but her neighbors know the truth: Shes one of the “Pod People.” At the supermarket she wanders the aisles in a self-contained bubble, thanks to her iPod digital music player. Through those little white ear buds, Wolfisch Cole listens to a playlist mixed by he

33、r favorite disc presenterherself.At home, when the kids are tucked away, Wolfisch Cole often escapes to another solo media podbut in this one, shes transmitting instead of just receiving. On her computer web log, or “blog”, she types an online journal chronicling daily news of her life, then shares

34、it all with the Web.Wolfisch Colewho also gets her daily news customized off the Internet and whose digital video recorder (DVR) scans through the television wasteland to find and record shows that suit her tastesis part of a new breed of people who are filtering, shaping and even creating media for

35、 themselves. They are increasingly turning their backs on the established system of mass media that has provided news and entertainment for the past half-century. Theyve joined the exploding “iMedia” revolution, putting the power of media in the hands of ordinary people.The tools of the movement con

36、sist of a bubbling stew of new technologies that include iPods, blogs, podcasts, DVRs, customized online newspapers, and satellite radio.Devotees of iMedia run the gamut (范围)from the 89-year-old New York grandmother, known as Bubby, who has taken up blogging to share her worldly advice, to 11-year-o

37、ld Dylan Verdi of Texas, who has started broadcasting her own homemade TV show or “vlog”, for video web log. In between are countless iMedia enthusiasts like Rogier van Bakel, 44, of Maine, who blogs at night, reads a Webcustomized news page in the morning, travels with his fully loaded iPod and com

38、es home to watch whatever the DVR has chosen for him.“If the old media model was broadcasting, this new phenomenon might be called ego-casting,” says Christine Rosen, a fellow with the Ethics and Public Policy Center. “The term fits,” she says, “because the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is

39、to get exactly what you want, when and where you want it.”Rosen and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtle shift of media control away from broadcasters and into the hands of the average couch potato. It enabled viewers t

40、o vote with their thumbs-making it easier to abandon dull programs and avoid commercials. With the proliferation (激增)of cable TV channels in the late 1980s followed by the mid-1990s arrival of the Internet, controlling media input wasnt just a luxury. “Control has become a necessity,” says Bill Rose

41、, “Without it, theres no way to sort through all the options that are becoming available.”36. Who is Terry Wolfisch Cole probably according to the passage?（ ）37. Which of the following is the characteristic of the new breed of people according to the passage?（ ）38. What can be learned about the devo

42、tees of iMedia from the passage?（ ）39. According to the passage, Christine Rosen calls the iMedia revolution ego-casting because（ ）.40. Why was the invention of the TV remote important according to the passage?（ ）问题1选项A.A middle-aged housewife.B.A saleswoman in the supermarket.C.A disc presenter.D.A

43、n online news writer.问题2选项A.They provide news and entertainment for the public.B.They have started the iMedia revolution.C.They have helped ordinary people control media.D.They choose what to listen to or watch by themselves.问题3选项A.They are either very old or very young.B.They consist of people of a

44、ll ages.C.They are located in New York, Texas and Maine.D.They share the same interests.问题4选项A.people show themselves in the mediaB.people get their needs for media metC.people can watch whatever they likeD.it is the invention of an individual问题5选项A.Because it enabled ordinary people to control medi

45、a to some extent.B.Because it made more cable TV channels available to people.C.Because it led to the invention of Internet in the 1990s.D.Because it made life easier for couch potatoes.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】36.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干纵观全文，从文章可以看出Terry Wolfisch Cole只是一个善于利用网络分享自己日常生活和利用网络便

46、利自己日常生活的普通家庭主妇。本题可用排除法解答，A选项“一个中年家庭主妇”符合题意；B选项“超市售货员”文中没有提到，所以排除；C选项“唱片主持人”，根据第一段的内容可知此段最后一句中提到的disc presenter只是一个比喻，而并不是她的真实身份，所以排除C选项；D选项“在线新闻作家”，真正的在线新闻作家并不会只写自己的生活日常。因此A选项正确。37. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句“Wolfisch Coleis part of a new breed of people who are filtering, shaping and even cre

47、ating media for themselves.（Wolfisch Cole是一群为自己过滤、塑造甚至创造媒体的新群体中的一员。）”。A选项“他们为公众提供新闻和娱乐”与事实不符，这些新群体并不是为公众提供新闻和娱乐，而是制定符合他们自己口味的新闻；B选项“他们开启了媒体革命”，不正确，根据文章，媒体革命源于电视遥控器的发明；C选项“他们帮助普通人控制媒体”文中没有提到；D选项“他们自己选择听或看什么”符合题意，因此D选项正确。38. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第五段，该段落分别选择了老、中、青三个年龄阶段的典型人物来说明iMedia的拥护者包括了从老年到少

48、年各个年龄阶段的人。A选项“他们要么很老，要么很年轻”说法错误，忽略了来自缅甸的44岁的Rogier Van Bakel这种中年人。B选项“他们由各个年龄层的人组成”符合段意；C选项“他们位于纽约，德克萨斯和缅因州”说法太绝对，文中只是拿来自这几个地方的人举例子，并不代表全部；D选项“他们有共同的兴趣”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。39. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第二句：“The term fits”, she says, “because the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is to get exact

49、ly what you want, when and where you want it.”（她表示：“这个词很合适，因为现在的趋势都是关于我-我-媒体其理念是在你想要的时间和地点得到你想要的东西。”）。A选项“人们在媒体上展示自己”与段意不符；B选项“人们通过媒体满足了自己需求”符合段意；C选项“人们可以看他们喜欢的任何节目”和D选项“它是一种个人的发明”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。40. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意可定位到文章最后一段的第一句“Rosen and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution

50、 to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtle shift of media control away from broadcasters and into the hands of the average couch potato（Rosen等人将iMedia革命的开端追溯到电视遥控器的发明，这标志着媒体控制从广播公司转移到普通电视迷手中的第一次微妙转变。）”，由此可推断出电视遥控器的出现使人们或多或少地拥有了媒体的掌控权。A选项“因为它在一定程度上使普通人能够控制媒体”符合段意；B选项“因为它为人们提供了更

51、多的有线电视频道”，互联网是有线电视频道变多的原因；C选项“因为它导致了20世纪90年代互联网的发明”，遥控器并不是互联网发明的原因；D选项“因为它使电视迷的生活更容易了”说法太片面，便利了电视迷的生活并不是遥控器重要的意义所在，因此A选项正确。16. 单选题Many countries have now succeeded in （ ）the malarial mosquito.问题1选项A.erasingB.eradicatingC.abolishingD.demolishing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。erase意为“清除，消除，擦掉”，多指清除债务，记忆等；eradicate意为

52、“摧毁，完全根除”，强调彻底清楚；abolish意为“废除，废止”，一般指废除有关习俗、制度、法律、制度等；demolish意为“摧毁，拆毁”，多指拆掉建筑物。句意：许多国家现已成功根除疟疾蚊子。17. 单选题Complacency has led to some appalling ecological（ ）.问题1选项A.damagesB.tragediesC.catastrophesD.dangers【答案】C【解析】查名词辨析。damage意为“损害、毁坏”等时，是不可数名词，意为“价钱、费用”时，是可数名词，意为“赔偿费”时，必须用其复数形式。tragedy意为“悲剧，惨剧”；cat

53、astrophe意为“灾难，灾祸”；danger意为“危险”，泛指“危险”时，danger是不可数名词,指具体的“危险、危险物、可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人”时，是可数名词。句意：自满导致了一些可怕的生态灾难。18. 单选题Since Helen is my wife, it is difficult for me to be objective about her talent.问题1选项A.impersonalB.single-mindedC.overwhelmedD.subjective【答案】A【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项impersonal“客观的，非个人的”；B选项single-

54、minded“专心的，纯真的”；C选项overwhelmed“被压倒的，被湮没的”；D选项subjective“主观的，个人的”。句意：既然海伦是我的妻子，我很难客观地评价她的才能。Objective“客观的”，由此可知A选项与该词意思更相近，因此A选项正确。19. 单选题For thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior rang

55、ing from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeli

56、ng between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1800 numbers and voice ma

57、il. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitableespecially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both

58、sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulte

59、d, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I dont have to serve you!” or “this is private property, get out and dont come back!” What can customers do? If the bureaus

60、arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customers only recourse is to sue in small claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people reg

61、ard retailing “as just a dead-end job that youre just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job”. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers are having to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younge

62、r ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where theyve interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of interpersonal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they dont want busy signals, they dont want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for thatthey dont want voice mail. And if customers do not get what they want, th