2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解14

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1、2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The comments by the family member invited a series of responses following the unsuccessful rescue attempts for the injured in the emergency room.问题1选项A.enquiredB.objectedC.promptedD.suppressed【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. enquired 打听 B. objected 反对；拒绝C. prompted 提示；促进；激

2、起；导致 D. suppressed 抑制；镇压【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由本句“在急诊室尝试对伤者的救援均未成功”可知这件事让家庭成员发表言论，从而引起了一系列回应。所以C选项“提示，促进，激起，导致”符合题意。划线单词invited“邀请；导致”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】这名家庭成员的评论引起了人们对在急诊室抢救伤者失败的一系列反应。2. 单选题Passage One问题1选项A.Robots will take over the world.B.Robots will render them jobless.C.Robots can be ove

3、rused in homes.D.Robots can be controlling their lives.22.问题2选项A.It is well developed for home use.B.It still has technical obstacles to overcome.C.It can work in dangerous places or situations.D.It has the potential to be built with a laser device.23.问题3选项A.Rising cost of labor.B.Increasing amount

4、of wealth.C.Growing number of aged people.D.Pressing needs for modernization.24.问题4选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Indifferent.C.Doubtful.D.Resentful.25.问题5选项A.Peoples affordability.B.Peoples acceptance.C.Technical advances.D.Market promotion.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】Robots have been in the news a lot la

5、tely. And a recent poll found that 1/3 of the UK public is concerned that robots will take over their jobs. But what about robots in the home? One of the most popular robots for the home is a robot vacuum cleaner, which can also massively clean your home with very little human input. Anita robotics

6、is a company started by a group of robotics engineers from Stanford University. They wanted to use robots to perform human chores at an affordable price. The technology they developed for their vacuum cleaners uses a laser Guide system to map out the home in 360 degrees. This enables the machine to

7、avoid obstacles and dangers like stairs. A lot of southern European countries are embracing this category and also in Scandinavia.The Scandinavian market has been very interesting. Theyve done a lot of research in trying to modernize their wealth, where they have a growing aging population. And they

8、 are looking to deploy robotic vacuum cleaners in old peoples homes to actually do the cleaning. And now, almost 30 % of the users are over 55 years of age. Its a very broad spectrum of people. In the UK, there has been a relatively slow adoption of robots in the home. I think maybe as a culture, we

9、re a bit more skeptical on how good can these rebels really perform and take the place of doing my vacuuming? I believe this will take a while before robots are able to do everything for us, at least in the UK. It also depends on peoples willingness to allow these machines into our daily lives.21. W

10、hat was the concern in the recent poll?【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：最近的民意调查关注的是什么？由文中“And a recent poll found that 1/3 of the UK public is concerned that robots take over their jobs.（最近的一项民意调查表明三分之一的英国民众对机器人会取代他们的工作表示关注。）”，可知B选项“Robots will render them jobless.（机器人会使他们失业。）”符合原文。A选项“机器人会统治世界”；C选项“机器人在家会被过度

11、使用”；D选项“机器人可以控制他们的生活”不符合原文。22. What can we learn about the robot vacuum cleaner?【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：关于机器人吸尘器，我们能了解到什么？由文中“They wanted to use robots to perform human chores at an affordable price.（他们想使用机器人以合理的价格承担人们的家务）”，可知A选项“It is well developed for home use.（很好地在家庭中使用）”符合原文。B选项“它仍然有技术障碍要克服”；C选项

12、“它可以在危险的地方或情况下工作”；D选项“它在用激光设备建造方面有潜力”不符合原文。23. What is the major reason behind the popularity of the cleaner in the Scandinavian market?【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：清洁器在斯堪的纳维亚市场受欢迎的主要原因是什么？由文中“The Scandinavian market has been very interesting. Theyve done a lot of research in trying to modernize their wea

13、lth, where they have a growing aging population. And they are looking to deploy robotic vacuum cleaners in old peoples homes to actually do the cleaning.（斯堪的纳维亚市场非常有趣。他们在使财富现代化方面做了很多研究，在这里老龄化人口较多。而且，他们希望运用机器人真空吸尘器在老人家中帮他们从事实际的清洁打扫工作）”，可知在斯堪的纳维亚地区吸尘器流行的一个原因是老龄化，所以C选项“Growing number of aged people.（增长

14、的老年人口）”符合原文。A选项“劳动成本上升”；B选项“财富的增长”；D选项“现代化的迫切需求”不符合原文。24. How do people in the UK react to the robot vacuum cleaner?【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：英国人对机器人吸尘器有什么反应？由文中“In the UK, there has been a relatively slow adoption of robots in the home. I think maybe as a culture, were a bit more skeptical on how good

15、 can this rebels really perform （在英国，家庭对于机器人的接受还是相对较慢的。我想可能是因为文化的原因，我们对如何运用好这一新事物持有一点怀疑态度）”，可知C选项“怀疑”符合原文。A选项“乐观”；B选项“漠不关心的”；D选项“气氛”不符合原文。25. What is important to the wide use of robots in the future?【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：什么对未来机器人的广泛应用是重要的？由文中“It also depends on peoples willingness to allow these m

16、achines into our daily lives.（这取决于人们是否愿意让这些机器人进入我们的日常生活）”，可知机器人在未来的使用在于B选项“Peoples acceptance.（人们的接受度）”符合原文。A选项“人们的负担能力”；C选项“技术进步”；D选项“市场推广”不符合原文。3. 单选题15.问题1选项A.Chemotherapy.B.Radiation.C.Injections.D.Surgery.【答案】C【解析】W: What do you know about treatments of cancer? M: Chemotherapy. But theat makes

17、your hair fall out, doesnt it? W: Yes, there are some unpleasant side-effects. Im not sure we need to consider that at this stage. We should see whether a series of injection will help. Q: What treatment will the man probably receive first? 【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效，患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。4. 单选题8.问题1选项A.In th

18、e gym.B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.【答案】C【解析】M: Ok, everything looks ship-shape. W: Great! When should I come again for a physical? Q: Where did this conversation probably take place?【解析】推断题。女士问何时来复查，由此推断对话场景应为医院。5. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.The link between obesity and birth defectB.The link b

19、etween obesity and diabetesC.The risk of birth abnormalitiesD.The harmful effects of obesity27.问题2选项A.Neural tube defectsB.Heart problemsC.Cleft lip and palate (唇腭裂)D.Diabetes28.问题3选项A.20 millionB.200 millionC.400 millionD.40 million29.问题4选项A.A weight-loss surgeryB.A balanced dietC.A change of life

20、styleD.More exercise30.问题5选项A.Why obesity can cause birth defectsB.How obesity may cause birth defectsC.Why obesity can cause diabetesD.How obesity may cause diabetes【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】Catherine and other colleagues from Britains New Castle University combined data from 18 studies (26)

21、 to look at the risk of abnormalities of babies whose mothers were obese or overweight. (27) Obese women were nearly twice as likely to have a baby with neural tube defects which are caused by the incomplete development of the brain or spinal cord the study found. For one such defect, spinal bifida

22、(脊柱裂), the risk more than doubled. The researchers also detected increased chances of heart defect, cleft lip and palate, water on the brain(脑积水) and problems in the growth of arms and legs. (28) The World Health Organization classifies around 400 million people around the world as obese, including

23、20 million under the age of 5, and the number is growing. Obesity raises the risks of diseases such as type II diabetes, heart problems and is a health concern piling pressure on an already overburdened national health system. Recent research has tight weight to other problems during pregnancy. (29)

24、 A team from the Round Corporation Think Tank in California reported in 2008 that women who get pregnant after weight loss surgery tend to be healthier and less likely to deliver a baby born with complications compared to obese women. (30) Further study may show how obesity may cause these problems,

25、 Juliet at New Castle University researcher who worked on the study said in a telephone interview . Women who are thinking about trying for a baby need to check their own weight first, and then think about seeking help if they are overweight.26. What is the talk mainly about?【解析】全文围绕“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易发生异

26、常”展开，A选项“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故选A。27. Babies whose mothers are obese may have increased chances of the following diseases except?【解析】其余三种缺陷“neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母亲的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是针对母亲本人而言的，故选D。28. According to the WHO, how many people are classified as obese around the wo

27、rld?【解析】文中提到世界卫生组织将约4亿人归为肥胖，故选C。29. Which of the following can be a suggestion for obese women who plan to have a baby?【解析】那些做了减重手术的怀孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。30. According to the talk，what may be the focus of further studies?【解析】将来的研究焦点可能在于“how obesity may cause these problems”，these problems指先天缺陷。6. 单选

28、题16-20问题1选项A.It is a genetic disorder.B.It is a respiratory condition in pigs.C.It is an illness from birds to humans.D.It is a gastric ailment.问题2选项A.Eating pork.B.Raising pigs.C.Eating chicken.D.Breeding birds.问题3选项A.Running nose.B.Inappetence.C.Pains all over.D.Diarrhea.问题4选项A.To stay from crowds

29、.B.To see the doctor immediately.C.To avoid medications.D.To go to the nearby clinic20.问题5选项A.It is a debate.B.It is a TV program.C.It is a consultation.D.It is a workshop.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】W: Hello doctor Smith, (20) welcome to our program “Health Journey”. Could you tell us somethin

30、g about swine flu?M: Well, (16) its a common respiratory ailment in pigs that doesnt usually spread to people.W: But why are so many people infected?M: Unlike most cases, this flu virus appears to be a sub-type not seen before in humans or pigs. It has genetic material from pigs, birds and humans, a

31、ccording to the WHO.W: Then why is it called swine flu? Why pigs are the carriers of this virus?M: Um. Is closer to say that pigs were the mixing balls for this virus.W: What does it mean?M: I mean birds cannot pass bird flu to people. But pigs are susceptible to getting flu viruses that infected bi

32、rds. The virus inside the infected pig might mutate to a form that could also infect other mammals.W: Wow, so complicated. By the way, can we catch swine flu from eating pork?M: Actually, ill pigs are not allowed to enter the market. Cooking also kills the virus. (17) Only people who work with pigs

33、can catch the virus.W: How do they feel if infected?M: (18) The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, lack of appetite and coughing. Although some people also develop runny nose, sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea.W: What should we do if we have these symptoms?M: (19) Stay home from work or school

34、. Dont get on a plane. Call your doctors to ask about the best treatment. Dont simply show up at the clinic or hospital that is unprepared for your arrival.W: Say, the antiviral study. How is it going?M: This strain of swine flu does appear sensitive to the antiviral drugs Relenza(瑞乐沙) and Tamiflu(达

35、菲), but not to Amantadine and Remantadine.W: Weve learned a lot tonight. Thanks for your coming. Doctor Smith.M: Its my pleasure.16. What do we know about swine flu?【解析】对话开始提到猪流感是“一种猪身上很常见的呼吸道疾病，通常不会传染给人”。故选B。17. What may cause people to have swine flu?【解析】对话中男士说“Only people who work with pigs can c

36、atch the virus”，只有那些在工作中跟猪接触的人才会感染病毒。18. According to the dialogue, which is among the most common symptoms of swine flu?【解析】对话中提到常见症状包括“fever, fatigue, lack of appetite and coughing”，B选项“食欲不振”正确。19. What does the speaker advice the suspects of swine flu to do?【解析】对话中男士给出的建议是不要上学或去工作，要待在家，并且打电话咨询医生如

37、何治疗，而不是立刻去诊所或医院。20. What can be said of the dialogue?【解析】对话开头便说道“welcome to our program Health Journey”，最后又说学到很多，感谢对方到来，可以推测这是一个电视节目。7. 单选题2.问题1选项A.A broken finger.B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.【答案】C【解析】W: Its Mr. Cong, isnt it?M: Thats right. I saw you six months ago with a b

38、roken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: Its fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, Ive been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago. They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well.Q: What is the trouble in the m

39、an now?【解析】细节题。男士说：Ive been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. 即今天来看病是因为头痛，大概是眼睛周围。8. 单选题问题1选项A.Animal abuse or cruelty.B.The evolution of animals.C.The history of animal hunting.D.An endangered animal species.【答案】D【解析】2. W: The Siberian tigers are the largest living animals in the

40、cat family. Unfortunately, there are only a few hundred alive now.M: My great grandfather was a hunter, and he used to hunt Siberian tigers. I really wish he hadnt.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这两个人在谈论什么？由文中“The Siberian tigers are the largest living animals in th

41、e cat family. Unfortunately, there are only a few hundred alive now.（西伯利亚虎是现存最大的猫科动物。不幸的是，现在只有几百只还活着。）”，可知他们在谈论的是“濒临灭绝的野生动物”，所以D选项“An endangered animal species（一种濒临灭绝的动物）”符合原文。A选项“残酷的虐待动物”；B选项“动物的进化”；C选项“动物狩猎的历史”不符合原文。9. 单选题9.问题1选项A.She is freezing cold.B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a hea

42、dache.D.She has brain fever.【答案】C【解析】M: Dont eat ice cream so fast.W: Too late. Ive already have a brain freeze.Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】推断题。女士说：Ive already have a brain freeze，即她已经头痛了。10. 单选题14.问题1选项A.A general practitioner.B.GynecologistC.An orthopedist pidst.D.She is surgeon.【答案】B【解析】M: He

43、llo Doctor Marks. Its Tim Tailor from ANNE at Edinburgh Central.W: Hello. M: Ive got a young woman, a 30-year-old woman referred up by her GP with a kind of perineal abscess for about 10-15 days. W: Right.M: Shes been on antibiotics and basically it needs to be incised. Can you take her? W: Of cours

44、e. Whats the patients name? Q: What is the woman? 【解析】推断题。根据对话可知，女患者是会阴脓肿，需要切除。11. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.About 90.000B.About 100.000C.Several hundredsD.About 5.000问题2选项A.Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B.Warning from the Kenya Health Ministry.C.Experiences gained from the 1997 outbreak.D.Proper an

45、d prompt aid from NASA(美国国家航空航天局).问题3选项A.Distributing mosquito nets.B.Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C.Urging people not to eat animals.D.Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.问题4选项A.The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B.The short-lived

46、mosquito that were the hosts of the viruses.C.The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D.The heavy but the intermittent rains.问题5选项A.Warning from NASA .B.How to treat Rift Valley Fever (裂谷热).C.The disastrous effects of Rift Valley Fever.D.Satellites and global health-remote diagnosis.【答案】第1题:B

47、第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】In December 1997 large numbers of cattle, goats and sheep began dying in the Garissa district of north-eastern Kenya. A month later people started dying, too. It was, at the time, the biggest recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever in East Africa. (26)Some 100,000 stock animal

48、s succumbed and about 90,000 people were infected, hundreds fatally in five countries.In December 2007 the same thing happened. Or, rather it started to happen but was stopped in its tracks. (27)The difference was that the second time around there was warning. In September researchers at the Goddard

49、 Space Flight Centre, Greenbelt, Maryland, part of Americas space agency, NASA, told the authorities in Kenya that they had a problem. They told them again in October. And again in November. By the time the epidemic emerged (28) the Kenyan health ministry had dispatched teams to the area to distribu

50、te mosquito nets and urge village leaders and religious authorities to stop people slaughtering and eating animals.Through the outbreak still killed 300 people in Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania, it could have been a lot worse. According to Kenneth Linthicum of Americas Department of Agriculture, the nu

51、mber of deaths would probably have been more than twice as high without the warning.(30)The warning itself was possible because of a model of how disease spreads that Dr. Linthicum helped design. And the data that were plugged into that model came from satellites.What the researchers at Goddard had

52、noticed at the time of the first outbreak was that in the months preceding it, surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean had risen by half a degree. (29)These higher temperatures brought heavy and sustained rains, cloud cover and warmer air to much of the Horn of Africa. Mosqui

53、toes multiplied wildly, and lived long enough for the virus that causes the fever to develop to the point where it is easily transmissible.In September 2007 the researchers saw the same thing happening in the ocean, and suspected the same consequences would follow.26. How many stock animals died at

54、the result of outbreak of Rift Valley fever in 1997?【解析】根据录音中的“Some 10.000 stock animals succumbed and about 90,000 people were infected,hundreds fatally in five countries.”可知，本题答案为B。27. What helped stop the outbreak of Rift Valley fever in 2007?【解析】从录音中“The difference was that the second time aroun

55、d there was warning. part of Americas space agency, NASA, told the authorities in Kenya that they had a problem. They told them again in October. And again in November.”可知，第二次的区别在于有来自NASA及时而准确的警告。故本题答案为D。28. Which of the following is not mentioned as the major to prevent in 2007 outbreak spreading?【

56、解析】从录音中“.the Kenyan health ministry had dispatched teams to the area to distribute mosquito nets and urge village leaders and religious authorities to stop people slaughtering and eating animals.”可知，只有D选项不是制止瘟疫肆虐的举措。29. What trigger the two outbreaks of the Rift Valley fever in Africa?【解析】从录音中“surfa

57、ce temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean had risen by half a degree.”可知，A是正确答案，B选项应该改成long-lived mosquitoes, C项应为“cloud cover and warmer air in the Horn of Africa”，D项应为“heavy and sustained rains”。30. What is the talk mainly about?【解析】该录音主要内容是从NASA给予肯尼亚及时迅捷的警示，使其在2007年瘟疫爆发的时候避免了10年前

58、的厄运。因此A选项是正确答案（来自NASA的警告）。12. 单选题2.问题1选项A.Tuberculosis(肺结核).B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).C.Laryngitis (喉炎).D.Flu.【答案】D【解析】W: Good afternoon, doctor. I have a terrible headache. Yesterday I had a runny nose. Now my nose is stuffed up. M: Let me give you an examination. First, let me have a look at your throat. Ok,

59、 now let me examine your chest. Do you have a history of tuberculosis? W: No, I dont think so. M: Your throat is inflamed and your tongue is thickly coated. You have all the symtoms of influenza. Q: What is the woman suffering from? 【解析】细节题。医生说：You have all the symptoms of influenza，即他认为女士有流感的所有症状。1

60、3. 单选题21-25问题1选项A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.问题2选项A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in inje

61、ction form.D.Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.问题3选项A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.问题4选项A.It is stable at

62、 room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C.It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D.It is more chemically complex.25.问题5选项A.Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B.How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C.Why people with Type1 and Type 2 diabetes dont produ