2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第32期

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓

2、励。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they（ ） to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed “开始”；appeal “呼吁，请求”；resort “诉诸”；incline “倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The presidential candidate（ ） his pos

3、ition by winning several primary elections.问题1选项A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate “巩固；intensify “使加强”；enforce “实施”；enrich “使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。4. 单选题There was not a single person there（ ） thought you were right.问题1选项A.whomB.asC.butD.whose【答案

4、】C【解析】考查连词的用法。But 用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，相当于 that not。选项C符合题意。句意：那里没有一个人认为你是错的。5. 单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly intothe sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend “攀登，上升”。句意

5、：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题We were pleased to note that the early delivery didnt （ ） to the traffic jam of thebusy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid “援助，帮助”；amount “总计，合计”；add “增加”；attribute “归属，把归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题It is hard to pre

6、dict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged

7、to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred

8、years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlittle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that

9、 represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glim

10、pses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true

11、 light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there m

12、ay well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good scien

13、ce （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th centur

14、y EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific resear

15、chC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from s

16、cientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it

17、.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions con

18、cerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good science it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century

19、 Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored th

20、e problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, b

21、ut that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到的问题，选项A符合题意。8. 单选题It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.ga

22、insC.achievesD.acquired【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Some people think that a （ ）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD

23、.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。11. 单选题Segregation made i

24、t difficult for black Americans to become （ ）into the larger middle class culture and its values.问题1选项A.anticipatedB.indulgedC.transmittedD.assimilated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilated into “融入”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。12. 单选题The political future of the president is now hanging by a （ ）.问题1选

25、项A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。hang by a thread “千钧一发”。句意：总统的政治未来现在正处在千钧一发的时刻。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题Many tourists were（ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都

26、被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题There is a senseless notion tha

27、t children grow up and leave home when they re 18, and the truth is far from that, says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. There is a major shift in the middle class, declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg

28、 of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the next. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a d

29、eclining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their

30、 wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, It* s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. But sharing the family home requir

31、es adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times- and left three times. What I considered a social drink, my dad

32、considered an alcohol problem/ she explains. He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends houses.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to est

33、ablish separate identities, can end up with a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.1.According to the author,

34、there was once a trend in the U.S.（ ） .2.Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest?3.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that4.The word “hassles” in the passage (Line 3, Para. 3) probably means（ ） .5.According to the p

35、assage what is the best for both parents and children?问题1选项A.for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB.for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC.for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD.for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to l

36、ive with their parents问题2选项A.Young adults find housing costs too high.B.Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immature.C.Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.D.Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.问题3选项A.there will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday

37、 lifeB.most parents find it difficult to keepC.the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD.public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents问题4选项A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels问题5选项A.They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expenses.B.Childre

38、n should leave their parents when they are grown-up.C.Adult children should visit their parents from time to time.D.Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一种错误的观点：孩子到了18岁就应该离家独立；有社会学家称中产阶级中这一观念有着重大的转变。由此可知，在以前的美国社会中，大多数成年的子女都

39、会离开家庭独立生活，所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段提及年轻成年人返回家的原因：结婚年龄上升；离婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及经济压力大的人重新寻求父母的庇护；去离家远的大学上学花费大，所以很多人都选择当地的大学。选项A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到年轻人与父母居住会造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手间，电话和隐私的争议等等，选项A符合题意。4.hassles所在的句子：There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy.由前后问可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，

40、所以hassles在这里有 “争论，争吵”的意思，比如关于洗手间、电话和隐私的争执。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段指出大多数心理学家认为成年子女与父母一起生活对双方都不好：子女本来想自我独立，却被挫败；父母本应该享受经济和个人自由，却又被责任束缚。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation a

41、nd data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently und

42、ergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, resha

43、ped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captu

44、red by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are availableEncyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal

45、 behaviors, geomorphic processes, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they c

46、an be used, CD-ROMS of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new

47、products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were t

48、raditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to compu

49、ter networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems in becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for th

50、is purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000 workstations are in use whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers f

51、all somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Because of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.1.Multimedia computers（ ） .2.The underlined word “an

52、notated” in the second paragraph most probably means（ ）3.According to this passage4.Which of the following is a proper title for this passage?问题1选项A.can process anything but digital dataB.can even process television imagesC.are rarely used in educationD.has few business applications问题2选项A.explainB.f

53、orwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.the market for multimedia computers has become saturatedB.most mainframes have been transformed into personal computersC.most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframesD.the now costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-

54、volume production问题4选项A.Multimedia ComputersB.Microprocessor TechnologyC.Computer NetworksD.Changing Role of Computers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.文章第一段television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional

55、analog signals cannot提到电视画面能够通过计算机程序处理，所以选项B符合题意。2.题干中的单词出现在句子In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video中，意思是“在商务英语中，文件通常能用视频或者音频作为注释”。选项A “解释”符合题意。3.文章最后一段In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be

56、 achieved only if they are mass-produced 提到大量生产降低了微处理器的成本，选项D与之相符，符合题意。4.文章讲述的是多媒体电脑给计算机市场带来了各种各样的变化，以及这类电脑在消费类产品和商业需求中的应用，选项A符合题意。17. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】

57、考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救办法”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：如果一个人提及到他的弱点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励他的话。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labour （ ）问题1选项A.declineB.rarityC.vacancyD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；rarity “罕见”；vacancy “空缺，空白”； shortage “短缺”。句意：日本劳动力短缺的问题不容易解决。

58、选项D符合题意。19. 单选题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small

59、-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out of yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes ine

60、qualities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despit

61、e all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitar

62、ianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madam have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recycles - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries,