2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第185期

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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.问题1选项A.had not workedB.not to workC.does not workD.did not work【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理宁愿他的女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语通常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。在这里没有明确表明和女儿在同一个办公室工作的事情已经发生，而是表示将

2、来，希望这样的事情不会发生，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去时，D选项did not work符合题意。A选项had not worked是过去完成时，用于已经发生的事情。B选项not to work和C选项does not work语法错误。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need.问题1选项A.all of informationB.all of the informationsC.all the informationD.all the informations【

3、答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词用法。句意：你可以在任何书店买到这些书，它们会给你所需要的所有信息。根据语境，这里特指“你所需要的信息”，information前面应该加定冠词the，C选项all the information符合题意。all the information相当于all of the information，A选项all of information缺定冠词；B选项all of the informations和D选项all the informations中不需要名词所有格。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题(1) As we have seen, the focus of

4、medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease. And especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person

5、 who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有影响的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal

6、 blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. (2) This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.(3) The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill”

7、 and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve thei

8、r health. (4) People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap

9、 (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are li

10、kely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. (5) And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.【答案】1. 正如我们所见，如今社会医疗保健的重点已从治疗疾病转向预防疾病。2. 这个人没有生病，

11、甚至可能没有患上任何特定疾病的风险，但是我们可以想象他可以更健康。3. 传统上，医学并没有区分那些仅仅是“没有生病”的人和那些身体非常健康并且注意身体特殊需求的人。4. 健康的人注意营养和运动，他们非常重视关注自身的身体状况。5. 通过关注健康的生活方式和概念可以对人们面对日常生活挑战的方式产生积极影响。4. 单选题A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _.问题1选项A.nuisanceB.troubleC.worryD.anxiety【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项nuisance

12、“麻烦事，讨厌的人（或东西）”；B选项trouble“困难”；C选项worry“令人担忧的事”；D选项anxiety“焦虑”。句意：我的厨房里总是有很多蚂蚁。它们就是十足的_。根据语境，这里指的是这些蚂蚁非常让人心烦，A选项nuisance“麻烦事，讨厌的人（或东西）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.问题1选项A.has been readingB.had readC.is readingD.read【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：她应该停止工

13、作；她因为看书太久而头痛。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，或者刚刚终止。根据前半句她应该停止工作可知看书的动作从过去持续到现在，可能要继续下去，确定用现在完成进行时，A选项has been reading符合题意。B选项had read是过去完成时，动作发生在过去的过去，侧重事情的结果；C选项is reading是正在进行时，动作正在发生；D选项read是一般现在时或一般过去时。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题_ her inexperience her failure to secure the contract was not surprising.问

14、题1选项A.In view ofB.With regard toC.By virtue ofD.According to【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项In view of“鉴于，考虑到”；B选项With regard to“至于”；C选项By virtue of“由于，凭借”；D选项According to“按照”。句意：_她缺乏经验，她没能签署那份合同就不足为奇了。根据语境，这里指的是缺乏经验很大程度上让她没能签成合同，A选项In view of“鉴于，考虑到”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题You will see this product _ wherever

15、you go.问题1选项A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形；B选项a

16、dvertising是现在分词形式；C选项to be advertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The old man was kind and _ enough to help the children cross the street.问题1选项A.timidB.livelyC.graciousD.graceful【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项timid“羞怯的”；B选项lively“活泼的；充满趣味的，热烈的”；C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”；D选项graceful“优雅的”。句意：这位老人非常友好和_，还帮助孩子们过马路。根据语境

17、，这里C选项gracious“和蔼可亲的；有礼貌的”形容老人比较合理，意思指老人热心帮助孩子们，非常和蔼可亲。因此C选项正确。9. 翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention

18、. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive cryi

19、ng,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their pare

20、nts, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier childre

21、n, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore fav

22、or so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monke

23、ys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a

24、primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent

25、more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say thes

26、e evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，

27、自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”10. 单选题When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become

28、Oxfords vice-chancellora position equal to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and li

29、ke so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel (人员) tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Co

30、lorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the boards chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political

31、 activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities,

32、 meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators (管理人员), and has hiring committees hungry for Americ

33、ans.In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of

34、 Yales financial position”.Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a

35、fresh perspective (视角) on established practices.1. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?2. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?3. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?4. Cambridge Uni

36、versity appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _.5. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?问题1选项A.Institution worldwide are hiring administrators from the US.B.A lot of activists are being hired as administrators.C.American u

37、niversities are enrolling more international students.D.University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.问题2选项A.The political correctness.B.Their ability to raise funds.C.Their fame in academic circles.D.Their administrative experience.问题3选项A.The tuitions (学费) they charge have been

38、 rising considerably.B.Their operation is under strict government control.C.They are strengthening their position by globalization.D.Most of their money comes from the government.问题4选项A.she was known to be good at raising moneyB.she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC.she knew how to attract s

39、tudents overseasD.she had boosted Yales academic status问题5选项A.They can enhance the universitys image.B.They will bring with them more international faculty.C.They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.D.They can set up new academic disciplines.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题

40、解析】事实细节题。根据第二段倒数一、二句Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.（然而，人才流动并非是世界性的。高层管理人员的流动只倾向于一个方向：从美国向外。），可知当前高等教育倾向于从美国招聘管理人员，A选项“世界各地的机构都在从美国招聘管理人员”正确。B选项“许多积极分子被聘为管理员”，C选项“美国大学正在扩招国际学生”和D选项“大学校长更加注重筹款”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试

41、题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising.（董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，因为他很可能在现代大学校长的主要任务上做得很好：筹资。），可知美国大学在招聘高级管理人员时主要考虑筹资方面的能力，B选项“他们

42、筹集资金的能力”正确；A选项“政治正确性”和C选项“他们在学术界的名声”不是主要考虑的内容。D选项“他们的管理经验”：根据第三段最后一句The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.（筹集资金的能力很大程度上是经验和需要的产物。），可知要求的是筹资方面的经验，而非管理经验。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on govern

43、ment funding.（与此同时，许多欧洲大学仍主要依赖政府资助。），可知D选项“它们的大部分资金来自政府”正确。A选项“学费一直在上涨”，B选项“其运作受到政府的严格控制”和C选项“它们正在通过全球化加强他们的地位”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stress

44、ed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position”.（2003年，剑桥大学任命另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾莉森理查德为副校长。剑桥大学公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她对“耶鲁大学的财务状况起到了重要的监督作用”。），可知艾莉森理查德成为副校长的主要原因是在筹资方面做出的贡献，A选项“她很擅长筹款”正确；没有提到艾莉森理查德让剑桥大学和耶鲁大学的联系加强，B选项“她可以帮助加强与耶鲁大学的联系”错误。C选项“她知道如何吸引海外学生”和D选项“她提高了耶鲁大学的学

45、术地位”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.（外国人可以为现有做法提供新的视角。），可知C选项“他们会从一个新的角度来看待很多事情。”正确。B选项“他们会吸引来更多的国际教员”：根据文章倒数第二句The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of

46、 some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.（教育的全球化意味着，更多的大学将寻求具有某种国际经验的领导，以促进国际项目和吸引全球学生群体。），可知吸引的是国外的学生而非教员。A选项“他们可以提升大学的形象”和D选项“他们可以建立新的学科”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题He gave us a good _ of his experience.问题1选项A.demonstrationB.frequencyC.descriptionD.instruction【答案】C

47、【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项demonstration“表现，显露；游行示威”；B选项frequency“重复率”；C选项description“描述；类型”；D选项instruction“命令”。句意：他向我们很好地_了他的经历。根据语境，这里指的是分享他的经历，C选项description“描述”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _ obtaining fresh water is not the least.问题1选项A.of whichB.which

48、C.with whichD.for which【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活在这个国家的西部有很多问题，其中获取淡水还不是小问题。横线到句尾是修饰problems的非限制性定语从句，语序还原为obtaining fresh water is not the least of problems，A选项of which符合题意。B选项which缺介词；C选项with which和D选项for which介词错误。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题Nobody believes he made such a foolish mistake. People say he is ve

49、ry _.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常_。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题He _ a sum of money every mont

50、h to help the two orphans.问题1选项A.set alongB.sets inC.sets asideD.sets up【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项set along非短语；B选项sets in“（不好的事物）到来”；C选项sets aside“省出，抽出；把抛在脑后”；D选项sets up“设置；成立；创建”。句意：他每个月_一笔钱来帮助那两个孤儿。根据语境，这里指的是拿出钱来帮助孤儿，C选项sets aside“省出，抽出”符合题意。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题It was a close boxing game, but the boxer

51、 in blue was _ to be the winner by three of the four referees.问题1选项A.destinedB.deemedC.doomedD.adapted【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项destined“指定”；B选项deemed“认为”；C选项doomed“注定”；D选项adapted“适应；改装”。句意：这是一场势均力敌的拳击比赛，但4名裁判中有3名_穿蓝衣服的拳击手获胜。根据语境，这里指有三位裁判判穿蓝衣服的拳击手获胜，B选项deemed“认为”符合题意。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题Whenever I hear a

52、weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates

53、, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most c

54、omprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural

55、 up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick” graph A1 Gore used in “An Inco

56、nvenient Truth” to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but n

57、ot overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are reall

58、y legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it

59、has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that

60、 it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.1. What does this passage mainly deal with?2. What is “proxy measurement” in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?3. What does the report from NRC indicate?4. Which of the

61、 statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?5. What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?问题1选项A.The threat of global warming.B.The measurement of solving global warming.C.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.D.The assessment of earths temperature.问题2选项A.

62、Taking advantage of previous pictures.B.Using clues left from the past.C.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.D.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.问题3选项A.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.B.The proxy measurements are reliable.C.The earth will become warmer.D.It

63、 is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.问题4选项A.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.B.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.C.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.D.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.