2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第189期

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The color and smell of water in these rivers（ ） itself how serious the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact.问题1选项A.illustratesB.demonstratesC.manifestsD.exemplifies【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。manifest oneself 显现, 显露;illustrate 说明, 阐明;demonstrate 举行示威游行（或

2、集会）;说明;exemplify例示，举例证明。句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。选项C更恰当。2. 单选题In the professions where women （ ） numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.问题1选项A.tolerateB.integrateC.predominateD.accumulate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使.完整；predominate支配，主导，在.中

3、占优势；accumulate 累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。3. 单选题A good leader knows what are practical questions and also he knows when to （ ） and when to fight.问题1选项A.compromiseB.struggleC.advanceD.flee【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。compromise妥协,让步; struggle努力,挣扎; advance前进,进展;flee逃跑,消失。句意:一个好的领导者知道什么是实际问

4、题, 他也知道什么时候 应该（ ） , 什么时候应该战斗。填空处应该和fight相对应, 选项A符合句意。4. 写作题Directions: Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation, Tell which one you agree with and explain why, Pleas

5、e write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should give specific reasons and details to support your position. Write the essay on the Answer Sheet only.【答案】Which is more important to ones success cooperative or competitive? For such questions, different people have different views. But in

6、 my conception, I guess cooperation is more vital than competitive.Firstly, cooperation is our human beings intrinsic motive. When human beings could be called human beings who are different with animals, cooperation is one of the most important factors for our evolution. We have wiser brain than an

7、y other creatures on this planet because we know how to achieve our goal through team work. We could say that without cooperation, maybe we are still live in Stone-era.Secondly, in modern society, we are facing more and more sophistication in social division of labor. The TV set which is very common

8、 to everybody of us is made up of thousands of spare parts which maybe made in hundreds of factory. The car, the computer, even the sewing machine and fruit knife is very complicated during the manufacture procedure. Similarly at one workshop, a small member team, even wife and husband, we need to b

9、e cooperative with each other.Thirdly, we make preparation for success, we have to be cooperative. In modern management points of view, cooperation and inter-dependence are elites. We are always emphasizing synergy which means 1+1 more than 2. Cooperation is the match which could lighten fire. Coope

10、ration is the key which could open the door of success.However, like a coin has two sides, we cannot overlook the effective and positive influence of competition. Cooperation, then competition, I think, is the right way.5. 单选题Some cultures have customs that （ ）the clothing fashions of people in cert

11、ain social classes.问题1选项A.modifyB.alterC.regulateD.revise【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。modify修改,更改;修饰;alter 改变,更改;regulate 控制, 管理,调节;revise修订, 修改。modify 是指略微的修改, alter范围较广, 指任何的改变, revise通常指修订课本, 制度的管理和规定经常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些习俗, 这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。所以选项C正确。6. 单选题All Eskimos live most of their lives close to sal

12、t or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen grow right on rocks. And where there is enough soil, eve

13、r grass, flowers and small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on the Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call this country the Arctic plains. Some animals, such as rabbits and caribou, eat the plants. Others, like the white fox and grey wolf, eat the rabbits and caribou. The Eskimo is a meat

14、-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall almost too short to be noticeD.Summer is the good time, when food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when the Eskimos are very busy. W

15、inter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store. For seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and Augu

16、st 21st, the sun never sets in Northern GreenlanD.But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sun shining at all. Around Oct. 21stthe Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun setting straight south of them, and they dont see it again until February 22nD.All places on earth get about the same a

17、mount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker. Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and the moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimos to see. And with the ground covere

18、d with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimos eyes.1.On the Eskimo land, （ ） .2.In the Eskimo year, （ ） .3.From the passage we can infer all the following except that（ ）4.In midwinter there is no sun shining in the Far North because （ ） .5.The best title for the passage is （ ） .问

19、题1选项A.rabbits live on the plantsB.soil is rich and plentifulC.grass grows more easily than lichenD.lichen is found only rocks问题2选项A.there are no spring and fallB.winter is cold and summer is hotC.summer is a time for growing foodD.winter comes early and goes late问题3选项A.Eskimos are more likely to eat

20、 wolves in summerB.Eskimo women are responsible for houseworkC.animal meat is Eskimos main source of foodD.hunting is an important part of Eskimo life问题4选项A.the Far North is too far away from the sunB.the sun is not seen again for six monthsC.the sun never sets in midsummerD.people see the sun setti

21、ng straight sought of them问题5选项A.A Story of the EskimoB.The Bare Far NorthC.Eskimo Land and ClimateD.The Eskimo Year【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，爱斯基摩人的土地贫瘠, 地衣比草的生命力强, 所以选项B和C错误；选项D表述太绝对，在文中也没有提及，所以排除。根据第一段的倒数第二句可知，选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，爱斯基摩人的春天和秋天很短，并不是没有，所以选项A错误；冬季寒冷夏季凉爽，

22、而不是炎热，所以选项B也错误，选项C在文中没有提及；选项D冬季来得早去得迟，说明冬季很漫长，符合原文，所以本题选D。3.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“The Eskimo is a meat-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.”爱斯基摩人只在食物匮乏时才吃狼, 在夏天食物充足的情况下是不会吃狼的。所以选项A与原文不符。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st, the s

23、un never sets in Northern Greenland.”因为从4月21日到8月21日，格陵兰岛北部的太阳从不落下。选项C符合原文。5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了爱斯基摩人居住地区的环境、季节及天气状况等。所以选项C更恰当。7. 单选题My seven-year old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and hes already （ ） them.问题1选项A.outweighedB.outgrownC.outlivedD.outreached【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。outweighed 比重; outgrown 长得大

24、而容不进, 比长得快（或高、大）; outlived 比活得长久; outreached 超越, 伸出。句意：我七岁的侄子四月份买了一双新鞋, 现在已经穿不下了。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题She bought a house near the sea last year so she could take a （ ） along the beach whenever she wanted to.问题1选项A.strollB.strideC.stretchD.strand【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。stroll散步, 漫步;stride 大步;stretch 延伸, 延续;strand （线

25、、绳、发的）股;缕。句意：她去年在海边买了一所房子，这样她就可以随时在海滩上散步了。 选项A符合句意。9. 单选题They ignored him, despite his repeated （ ） that he was not on the scene of murder that evening.问题1选项A.assumptionsB.suppositionsC.affirmationsD.confirmations【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。assumption假定,设想;supposition猜测, 推测;affirmation断言, 认定;confirmation证实, 确认。句

26、意：尽管他一再申明那天晚上他不在谋杀现场，他们对他还是置之不理。 选项C符合句意。10. 单选题Many important mistakes have been escaping （ ）, and a lot of money has been lost as a result.问题1选项A.detectionB.commissionC.compensationD.precaution【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。detection察觉，发觉；commission委任，佣金；compensation补偿，报酬；precaution预防，警惕。错误应该是被发现，选项A符合句意。句意：许多重要的

27、错误都没有被发觉，因此损失了很多钱。11. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。12. 单选题While others sat at home studyi

28、ng papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made （ ） observations.问题1选项A.of-the-spotB.in-the-spotC.on-the-spotD.at-the-spot【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。on-the-pot指立即, 当场。句意：当其他人坐在家里研究这一课题的论文时，Jefferson上了一艘船并进行了现场观察。13. 单选题Some plants are （ ） to disease and must be taken good care of for the whole grow

29、ing period.问题1选项A.fantasticB.subordinateC.susceptibleD.imperative【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。fantastic极好的；subordinate从属的，次要的；susceptible易受影响的；imperative紧急的；必要的。句意：有些植物易受病害的影响，必须在整个生长过程中得到很好的照顾。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet

30、, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea when facing a difficult operation, for example,they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesnt matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death.A number of psychologic

31、al roadblocks get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctors, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability, so in the inter

32、est of not hurting the feeling of him they dont suggest it.Another reason people avoid getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. Says Balyk: You fear that if you go for, say, an ingrown toenail, hell tell you that the toe must come off. The most imp

33、ortant consideration is that its in your self interest to get another opinion and it may not be worse.Then, most people trust, even give great respect to their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctor is right, and dont ask for a second opinion. In fact, it does

34、nt even occur to them that they shoulD.But you should remember that the doctor is a human being just like you.And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. At other times, obtaining that second opinion just

35、 seems like too much work.But remember, sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.1.From both the first and the last paragraphs we can infer that the author may want to suggest that （ ） .2.Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctors feelings

36、?3.Another reason some patients dont want to get a second medical opinion is that （ ） .4.In Paragraph 5, by sometimes when people are sick, they become childlike the author means that（ ） .5.The last word work in Paragraph 5 may probably be closest in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.one should choose a hospit

37、al carefully when illB.one should think seriously before making a medical decisionC.one should never be afraid of questioning the doctors opinionD.a second medical opinion is absolutely necessary问题2选项A.They fear that if so something unhappy will happen.B.They fear that the doctor may let them alone

38、after that.C.They fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments.D.They have been taught to respect doctors in this way.问题3选项A.they are used to treating doctors as gods in every aspectB.other people will look on them as mad if they do soC.they think it is wrong to doubt the doctors opi

39、nionD.doctors usually dont have a second opinion to offer问题4选项A.when people are sick, they behave in every way like a childB.when people are sick, they become unreasonableC.when people are sick, they are too lazy to take care of themselvesD.when people are sick, they rely too much on others问题5选项A.tr

40、oubleB.energyC.timeD.labor【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，当面临医学意见时，有时你做的决定并不重要，但有时它可能将你带入错误的治疗甚至是死亡。也就是说，在做医疗决定之前我们应该认真考虑。选项B符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些病人害怕伤害医生的感情是担心可能产生的后果，他们害怕医生认为病人在质疑医生的能力。所以选项A正确。3.语义题。根据第二段的最后一句“People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a

41、second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability.”人们可能会认为，在提出他们想要得到第二个意见时，他们是在质疑医生的能力。选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据原文句意：有时，当人们生病时，他们变得像孩子一样。也就是说，他们需要别人的照顾, 也就是依赖别人。故答案为D。5.语义题。根据上文对人们避免接受第二种医学意见的描述可以推测，work指trouble，更符合原文语境。所以本题选A。15. 单选题To some people, the greatest pleasure of life is to spend their time

42、at home watching TV and （ ） their pets.问题1选项A.strokingB.desiringC.modelingD.flattering【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。stroke轻抚, 抚摸;desire 希望, 渴望 ;model 做模特;制作模型; flatter奉承;谄媚。句意：对某些人来说，生活中最大的乐趣是花时间在家里看电视和抚摸他们的宠物。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （ ） that must be destroyed by cooking them at

43、 high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。flake小薄片，火花;aroma芳香, 香味;ether乙醚 ;toxin毒素。句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for din

44、ner, while they develop a pre-business sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather

45、 than socially, they start talking business very quickly.Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They oftengivea person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they a

46、lmost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in their inner ear.1.Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock. This means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they（ ） .3.Ac

47、cording to the passage, Americans evaluate their business colleague based on（ ） .4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5.Which might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Americans values the clock highly.B.Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.C

48、.Americans are slaves to the time rather than anything else.D.Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.问题2选项A.hate someone else wasting timeB.are short-temperedC.are restlessD.hope to gain some return from the passed time问题3选项A.pre-business sense of trust and intimacyB.the past performanceC.the socia

49、l courtesiesD.the prolonged small talk问题4选项A.Americans have one appointment after another.B.Between two appointments there might be 150 minutes rest.C.Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.D.Americans agendas are always fully engaged.问题5选项A.The Thing Americans Do Save TimeB.Time in Ame

50、ricans Eyes.C.Americans Way to Save Time.D.Time: A Precious Commodity to Americans.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry.人们似乎把时间当做是一个实实在在的东西来对待。说明美国人很看重时间, 选项C正确。2.细节推断题。根据第三段的第一句, 美国人高度重视时间, 所以他们讨厌那些过度浪费时间的人, 选项A表达有误。根据第三段的最后一句, 如果他

51、们没有从过去的时间里得到些什么作为回报, 他们会焦躁不安。也就是说他们希望时间流逝过后, 自己能有所收获, 而不是碌碌无为, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners.他们寻找过去业绩的证明, 而不是通过社交礼仪来评估一位商业同事。选项B正确。4.细节判断题。根据最后一段的首尾两句可知,美国人总是被时间追赶着,能听见钟表的声音。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大义

52、题。本文主要讲述美国人的时间观念。选项B正确。18. 单选题Our program is different （ ） it stresses the technical skills that business and industry seek as they incorporate the internet into their enterprise systems.问题1选项A.now thatB.in thatC.in caseD.regardless of【答案】B【解析】now that既然; in that由于; in case万一,假使; regardless of不管,不顾。

53、句意：我们的项目不同, 它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。19. 单选题Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in（ ） .问题1选项A.destinyB.amenityC.jeopardyD.tragedy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。destiny命运, 天命;amenity 娱乐设施;jeopardy危险, 危难;in jeopardy指处于危险境地;tragedy灾难,悲剧。

54、句意：由于海湾大量石油泄漏，该地区的动植物都处于危险之中。选项C正确。20. 单选题Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening, then paraphrases what hes heard and validates it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too harD.It feels

55、wooden, like emotional gymnastics. Nor does fighting well predict happy marriages. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up? More than 80 percent of the time, its the wife who brings up sticky

56、 material issues, while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isnt a symptom of a troubled marriageits true in most happy marriages.Youll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse for everybody concernedespecially the childrenthan getting divorceD.That may be true if your home is

57、 so riddled with hostility that its like a war zone. But University of Chicago sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriages as miserable but stayed of married were happy five years later.We usually think the strongest marriages are those that su

58、rvive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eat away at a marriage. Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their differences, says Wolin.He doesnt

59、 do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches too much TV. Shes too lenient with the kids. People think these differences as problem, but theyre actually opportunities to build marital muscles.1.Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?2.The phrase clam up in Line 5 means（

60、） .3.We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks that a happy marriage （ ） .4.What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?5.Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.Active listening is necessary if you want to fight well.B.A majority of couples doesnt practice active list

61、ening.C.Active listening doesnt ensure happy marriages.D.Active listening has proven to be a little impractical问题2选项A.shut upB.gel upC.back upD.tighten up问题3选项A.is always full of romance and passionB.requires the tolerance of the husbandC.may not be free of quarrels and fightsD.excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues问题4选项A.A bad marriage should end up in divorce to avoid further harm.B.Divorce is not the best solu