2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷25

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Study can help us look into the future and（ ）confused thinking.问题1选项A.notifyB.simplifyC.clarifyD.justify【答案】C【解析】句意:学习能帮助我们展望未来,可以澄清混乱的思想。考查动词辨析。Notify通知,公布; simplify使简化,使简易; clarify 使更清晰易懂,阐明,澄清; justify证明正确(或正当、有理),对作出解释。故C符合句意。2. 单选题We（ ）managed to have peo

2、ple accept our theory after a long, hard struggle.问题1选项A.momentarilyB.suddenlyC.graciouslyD.gradually【答案】D【解析】句意:经过长期的艰苦努力之后，我们逐渐让他们接了受我们的理论。考查副词辨析。momentarily 顷刻之间，马上;suddenly意外地，忽然地；graciously优雅地，慈样地;gradually逐步地，渐渐地。 根据后文的after a long, hard struggle (长期的艰苦努力之后)可知D正确。3. 单选题The two countries have（

3、）friendly relations for many years.问题1选项A.retainedB.sustainedC.maintainedD.remained【答案】C【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留; sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受; maintain维持,保持,维修; remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。4. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or

4、 at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little lias changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social classwhether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be pai

5、d less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then,

6、 it was widely believed, having given his wife her housekeeping, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a

7、house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great de

8、al has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry abou

9、t tomorrow. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most

10、 easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we s

11、till have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.1.Which of

12、 the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?2.The writer seems to suggest that the description of（ ）is closer to truth?3.According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle class?4.Working-class peoples sense of security increased as a res

13、ult of all the following factors except?5.Which of the following statements is incorrect?问题1选项A.life style and occupationB.Attitude and incomeC.income and job securityD.job security and hobbies问题2选项A.middle -class ways of spending moneyB.working-class ways of spending the weekendC.working-class drin

14、king habitsD.middle-class attitudes问题3选项A.desiring for securityB.Making long term plansC.having priorities in lifeD.saving money问题4选项A.better social securityB.more job opportunitiesC.higher living standardD.better legal protection.问题5选项A.Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British

15、society.B.The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C.difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D.middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In the past, the work

16、ing-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence (过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活

17、方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C “收入和工作稳定”。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth (中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。3.细节事实题。A: 渴望安全,C: 在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出: Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the

18、education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security (他(中产阶级) 不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中产阶级的典型特点。B: 制定长远的计划,由第三段“He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view(他（即中产阶级）过去且现在仍然倾向于去采取更长远的观点)”可知B项属于中产阶级的典型

19、特点。只有D项“攒钱”没提及,故选D。4.细节事实题。A:更好的社会保障,B: 更多的工作机会,C:更高的生活水平,D:更好的法律保护,第三段指出: Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow(社会保障和法律，以及 20 世纪以来生活水平的普遍提高，让大家相比以前更没

20、有必要去担心明天),故A、C、D属于导致工人阶级安全感提升的因素。B项文章未提及。5.细节事实题。A:英国社会的各个方面都正在发生缓慢变化,第一段指出: Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned (过去 25 年里，英国社会发生了很大变化或至少它的很多方而发生

21、了很大的变化，但有些方而却没什么变化),因此A项与原文不符。B: 工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小,由最后一段“The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people(（工人阶级与中产阶级）在生活方式和态度上的改变可能最容易在年轻人身上被看到)”可知B与原文相符。C: 收人差异将仍然存在，但是在职业上的那些差异将会消失,最后一段指出: Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well

22、-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid(然而，我们在收入高的人（无论他们可能有的工作种类是什么）和收人差的人之间仍然将会有大的落差),因此C与原文相符。D: 中产阶级有时感觉不如工人阶级,第四段指出: In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position (实际上，在过去数年里中产阶级为自己的位置感到有些

23、羞愧的倾向在不断增加),因此D项与原文相符。故答案选A。5. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was devel

24、oped, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different

25、 complaints. The word laser means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is co

26、ncentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a partic

27、ular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀 口会逢合），no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder. Operations which

28、once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting

29、. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.1.Up until the 1960s the instruments that used to perform surgical op

30、erations were（ ）.2. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ）.3. The laser beam is so strong because（ ）.4. Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.5. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that（ ）.问题1选项A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic问题2选项A.medi

31、cal help became available for industrial workers.B.the study of art went through a complete revolution.C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题3选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat

32、 of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题4选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little

33、 damage to the patients themselves问题5选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Later he u

34、sed sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years (后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革, 文章未提及。C: 来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械, 由“T

35、he tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出: In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great pract

36、ical use to the armed forces and industry，but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery (20世纪60年代，一 种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with

37、 no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam (然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。4.细节事实题。A: 只 能在人眼上被成功地进行, 由第二段中 “The tool is the laser and it is being used b

38、y more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B: 导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D: 对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出: Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave the

39、m feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried (曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段说到: Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种

40、 让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项 “外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。6. 单选题Just remember one thing that（ ）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.hastyB.promptC.urgentD.instant【答案】A【解析】句意:请只需记住一件事，即轻率的决定经常导致痛苦的遗憾。考查形容词辨析。hasty匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的；prompt 敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent 紧急的，急迫的；instant 立即的，紧急的，紧迫的。因此A符合句意。7. 单选题I recomm

41、end that the planning（ ）until all the materials have been supplied.问题1选项A.is not startedB.will not be startedC.not be startedD.is not to be started【答案】C【解析】句意:我建议应该在所有的材料己被提供后才启动这个计划。语法题。考查虚拟语气。句子谓语为recommend,表示要求建议,这类动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气: (should) +原形动词，且should 般会省略,故选C。8. 单选题We have a team of professi

42、onal consultants who will partner with our clients to develop （ ）training courses.问题1选项A.regularizedB.unifiedC.specifiedD.customized【答案】D【解析】句意:我们有一个专业的顾问团队,其将与我们的客户合作开发定制的培训课程。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Regularized 使有规则( regularize的过去式和过去分词), 使有秩序, 调整; unified 使联合( unify的过去式和过去分词 ),使相同,使一致; specified

43、 指定( specify的过去式和过去分词),详述;提出的条件; customized定制,定做( customize的过去式和过去分词 )。故D符合句意。9. 单选题There is supposed to be a safety（ ）which makes it impossible for trains to collide, thus it can avoid heavy losses.问题1选项A.applianceB.accessoryC.machineD.mechanism【答案】D【解析】句意:应该要有一个可以避免火车相撞的机制，从而避免重大损失。考查名词辨析。applianc

44、e 器具，器械，装置，家用电器；accessory 配件，附件，法从犯，（衣服的）配饰；machine 机械；mechanism 机制，机械 装置。因此D符合句意。10. 单选题The（ ）from Africas booming oil sales rarely reaches the people who live where the oil is produced.问题1选项A.currencyB.revenueC.tariffD.exchange【答案】B【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行;

45、revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。11. 单选题There is a strong（ ）that the matter will soon be settled.问题1选项A.livelihoodB.likelihoodC.singlehoodD.manhood【答案】B【解析】句意:那个事情很有可能将会很快被解决。考查名词辨析。livelihood 生计,生活;likelihood 可能性,可能; singlehood 单身,未婚;manhood 成年,男子,男子气概。故B符合句

46、意。12. 单选题We must（ ）that the procedure is followed as rigidly as possible.问题1选项A.secureB.ensureC.assureD.issue【答案】B【解析】句意:我们必须确保这个程序尽可能被严格遵循。考查动词辨析。secure 保护，弄到；ensure 保证，确保，使安全； assure 保证，担保，使确信（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心）；issue 发布。因此B符合句意。13. 单选题The evidence showed that the hanged man could be（ ）of murder.问题

47、1选项A.ignorantB.innocentC.indecentD.tolerant【答案】B【解析】句意:证据表明那个被处以绞刑的男人是无罪的。考查形容词辨析。ignorant 无知的，愚昧的;innocent 无辜的，无罪的，无知的;indecent 下流的，不礼貌的;tolerant 宽容的，容忍的，有耐药力的。be innocent of 没有的,无罪的。14. 单选题Many people nowadays save money to（ ）.问题1选项A.caterB.supplyC.provideD.equip【答案】C【解析】句意:如今很多人攒钱为自己的老年做准备。考查动词辨析

48、。cater for 迎合，供应伙食；为提供所需; supply for为提供；provide for 供给，规定，为做准备；equip for 为装备，提供。因此C符合句意。15. 单选题These books are both interesting and instructive, no wonder they（ ）the reading public.问题1选项A.appeal toB.apply toC.approve ofD.ascend to【答案】A【解析】句意:这些书既有趣又有教育意义，难怪它们对广大读者有吸引力。考查短语辨析。appeal to 呼吁，上诉，对有吸引力；ap

49、ply to适用于，应用于；approve of 赞成；ascend to 上溯，上升。根据前半句句意“这些书既有趣又有教育意义”可知A符合句意。16. 单选题The meeting was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at intervalsD.at random【答案】C【解析】句意:这个会议是如此拖延,让人筋疲力尽，以至演讲者时不时停下来喘口气。考查短语辨析。At large 详尽的，逍遥法外的，未被捕的，整个的；at

50、ease 安逸，自由自在；at intervals 不时地，相隔一定距离（或时间）地;at random 随便地，任意地。因此C符合句意。17. 单选题A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should（ ）new operating procedures.问题1选项A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with【答案】A【解析】句意:彻底调查这个事故的原因,应该会提高标准,而且带来新的操作程

51、序。考查短语辨析。result in 导致，带来；match with使较量，与相配，使与一致;subject to 使服从，使遭受；受管制;proceed with 继续进行。因此A符合句意。18. 单选题Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】句意:扬声器被安装在走廊，以便所每个人都有机会听到这个演讲。语法题。考查情态动词。oug

52、ht to （表示责任、义务等）应该；应当；must （因为强迫、道义或理智及好感的驱使）必须，应当；may （表示可能性）可能，也许；should （表示可能性、期待、推论等）应该，可能或做为shall (将，一定会（按规律会发生）)的过去形式。因此D符合句意。19. 单选题The new miracle of the medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body

53、. It is often called a blank cell that can be programmed to become other cells. Researchers predict that, by using stem cells, they can create organs that can be transplanted into people who desperately need them to save their lives. The most common source of stem cells is the human embryo, the init

54、ial stage of human life after a female egg is impregnated by a male sperm. In this very fact lies an ethical conundrum that has rocked both the medical and political landscape of the United States and other countries. Coupled with this is new research in cloning, which has seen some success in devel

55、oping animal species without the use of normal birthing procedures. All of these areas of research are making quite a few people nervous about both the sources of stem cells and where the research is taking mankind.Most stem cell-containing embryos come from four different sources: fertility clinics

56、 which often store more human embryos than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo i

57、n order to harvest its stem cells. Morally many people are outraged by these sources, claiming that human life is not something that should be tampered with and created just for scientific and medical purposes. At the core of this debate is the issue of what really constitutes a human being, with on

58、e side claiming a human does not exist until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun.The United States government has taken an active role in the debate and is consciously looking at the voting booth while making decisions regarding stem cell res

59、earch. The government gave the go-ahead for federal spending on stem cell research but limited activity to specimens that already existed, meaning no new embryos could be created solely for stem cell research. Similar laws regarding cloning research have been proposed, including therapeutic cloning.

60、 Many universities and research centers worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial.1. According to the first paragraph, a stem cell is unlike other cells because（ ）.2. According to the second par

61、agraph, all of the following are sources of stein cells EXCEPT（ ）.3. According to the second paragraph, the main debate concerning stem cell sources revolves around（ ）.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?5.Accordin

62、g to the third paragraph, American universities and research institutes are worried about（ ）.问题1选项A.it has at least 220 different partsB.it can develop into any other cellC.it has been used to cure illnessD.it is at the center of a controversy问题2选项A.artificially impregnated womenB.human eggs that act like they are fertilizedC.embryos made for people who cannot conceiveD.the remains of unwanted babies1. （ ）.问题3选项A.how they are extracted from the source