2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷12

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The two friends sat in a corner and（ ）away to each other about the weather.问题1选项A.talkedB.chattedC.mutteredD.whispered【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕哝，喃喃自语；whisper低声说；chat away意为闲谈，其他选项均不能和away搭配使用。2. 单选题I dont think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not（ ）to

2、 do that type of work.问题1选项A.compatibleB.convenientC.consistentD.competent【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。compatible兼容的；convenient方便的；consistent 始终如一的，坚持的；competent胜任的；有能力的。句意：我认为约翰逊不能胜任他的新工作，因为他没有一直坚持做那种类型的工作。选项C符合句意。试题答案 C 3. 单选题Woodrow Wilson （ ）to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organi

3、zation to settle international disputes.问题1选项A.endeavouredB.incitedC.grantedD.offered【答案】A【解析】endeavour竭力，尽力，企图；incite促使，激励；grant授予，同意；offer提供。句意：Woodrow Wilson通过支持成立一个解决国际争端的组织，努力维护世界和平。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans think that “most” or “almo

4、st all” governmental officials are involved in（ ）.问题1选项A.robberyB.violationC.corruptionD.stealing【答案】C【解析】robbery抢劫，盗窃；violation侵害； corruption贪污，腐败；stealing偷窃。句意：今年早些时候的一项调查发现，大约50%的南非人认为“大多数”或“几乎所有”政府官员都与腐败 有关。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题The another of the book has shown his remarkable keen（ ）into human nature.问

5、题1选项A.intellectB.insightC.perceptionD.understanding【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。intellect智力，理解力；insight洞察力；perception知觉，感觉，也有洞察力的意思，但通常与of搭配；understanding理解力。选项中, 只有insight后接介词into，所以本题选B。句意：这本书的另一篇展现了他非凡的对人性敏锐的洞察力。6. 单选题Margaret Meads reputation was established with the publication of her first book in 1982 and w

6、as （ ）by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.问题1选项A.hardenedB.enhancedC.separatedD.judged【答案】B【解析】hardened坚定；enhanced提高，加强； separated分离；judged判断。句意：Margaret Mead在1982年出版了她的第一本书，从而建立起了声誉，后来她对人类学的许多贡献又进一步提高了她的声誉。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题The German general staff made another dangerous concession to

7、what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be （） not when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.问题1选项A.triggeredB.triggeringC.triflingD.trifled【答案】A【解析】trigger引起，发动； trifle浪费，嘲弄。根据句意：德国总参谋部对他们认为是军事需要的东西又作了危险的让步。该计划不会在国家正式宣战时启动，而只是在国家下令动员时启动。首先排除选项C和

8、D，计划是被启动，所以选项A正确。8. 单选题You many have ever entered a bookstore just to take ( ) from a sudden shower, but you found time spent there was very enjoyable.问题1选项A.shieldB.shelterC.avoidanceD.protection【答案】B【解析】take shelter from为固定搭配，意为躲避。句意：许多人进入书店只是为了躲避骤雨，但你们会发现在那里度过的时光是非常愉快的。9. 单选题Television 一 that mos

9、t pervasive (遍布的)and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of tel

10、evision and computer technologies.The word “television”, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capabi

11、lity of converting an image (focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is mor

12、e than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is bro

13、adcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been

14、 a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purv

15、eyors (传播者)of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception (感觉)as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.1.With which topi

16、c is the passage primarily concerned?2.The word “put” （2nd sentence of 2nd Para. ） could best be replaced by which of the following?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?4.What field of television is intended for specific gr

17、oups?5.Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.Recent changes in modem technology.B.The marriage of broadcasting giants.C.The role of television in todays society.D.The content of broadcast television pr

18、ograms.问题2选项A.expressedB.askedC.placedD.inserted问题3选项A.The conversion of image into electronics impulses.B.The sending of impulses through a wire cable.C.The changing of one image into another image.D.The feeding of impulses into a receiver.问题4选项A.Broad-based.B.Reconstituted.C.Traditional.D.Non-broa

19、dcast.问题5选项A.Viewers do not take an active role in watching television.B.Viewers would prefer increased news coverage.C.Viewers like to use television to reach other human beings.D.Viewers are grown tired of television.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段讲到电视将改变我们的生活和我们的世界，接下来讲述了电视在当今社会所扮演的角

20、色。所以选项C最能概括全文。2.语义题。根据前后文可知，very simply put可以理解为“简单地说”，这里的put意为“表达”，所以本题选A。3.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句“television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. ”可知选项A和B正确；根据第二段

21、的最后一句“These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set) , can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.”可知选项D正确，而选项C错误。原文指转换成相同的图像，而不是把一种图像转换成另一种图像。所以本题选C。4.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest g

22、roups”可知选项D正确。5.细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.”我们的娱乐来源于显像管，在这个静态的媒体面前扮演着被动的观看者的角色。选项A换了一种方式表达，也是符合原文的。10. 单选题You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the（ ）

23、it involves.问题1选项A.forceB.trialC.attemptD.effort【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。force力量；trial试验，审讯；attempt企图，试图；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看来，它不值得你为之付出努力。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that（） to society the fun

24、ctions and techniques of buildings.问题1选项A.interpretB.tellC.identifyD.modify【答案】A【解析】interpret解释，诠释；tell 告诉，告知；identify证实；modify修饰，更改。句意：内容是建筑的主题，是建筑表达中传达特定意义的元素，向社会诠释建筑的功能和技术。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题He become（ ）with the girl reporter who questioned him at press conference.问题1选项A.observedB.obsessedC.notifiedD

25、.troubled【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。become obsessed with为固定搭配，意为痴迷于。13. 单选题Only in recent years（ ）begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.问题1选项A.people haveB.since people haveC.have peopleD.people who have【答案】C【解析】倒装结构。Only位于句首，句子需要倒装，即将助动词提前，所以选项C正确。14. 单选题The local peo

26、ple were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer（ ）according to the weather.问题1选项A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified【答案】C【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变； fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题Certainly no one could have predicted that

27、 a tiny worm would make possible such far-reaching （ ） into the very nature of life.问题1选项A.understandingB.perceptionC.insightsD.inquiry【答案】C【解析】understanding理解；perception洞察力；insights深刻见解；inquiry探究，调查。句意：当然，没有人能预料到，一条微小的蠕虫能让我们对生命的本质有如此深远的了解。insight into为固定搭配。选项C正确。16. 单选题The brave fireman had fought

28、for days before they managed to（ ）the forest fire.问题1选项A.put onB.put up withC.put offD.put out【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。put on穿上，上演；put up with忍受，容忍；put off推迟，扔掉，阻 止；put out熄灭，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防队员们奋战了好几天才把森林大火扑灭。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题The more a nations companies（ ）factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded export

29、s will be.问题1选项A.lieB.locateC.spotD.stand【答案】B【解析】句意：一个国家的企业在海外设厂越多，该国的出口记录就会越小。locate为及物动词，符合句意。其他选项做及物动词时都和位置没有关系。18. 单选题Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer

30、 unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised

31、 by contributions from employers andemployees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means

32、that the people who work for the HealthService-doctors, nurses and other hospital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However,

33、a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spe

34、nd as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.1.In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in

35、that（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.4.The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because （ ）.5.The word “abused” (Para. 4) means（ ）.问题1选项A.all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some sens

36、eB.poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC.health service is highly developed in BritainD.Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health问题2选项A.the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB.the Health Service has been introduced and d

37、eveloped for 30 years in BritainC.an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD.all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service问题3选项A.A Welfare StateB.Importance of the Health ServiceC.Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD.The Health Service问题4选项A.their doctors can give

38、them more time leave from workB.those doctors have better medical instrumentsC.they might save some money for the poorD.their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients问题5选项A.destroyedB.used in wrong wayC.ignoredD.wasted【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Welfare Sta

39、te”定位到第二段第二句“In Britain this has developed into a Welfare State in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are

40、 arguments for and against the Health Service. ”three decades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthy people”定位到最后一段的最后一句“In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for tr

41、eatment to others.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。19. 翻译题五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队

42、对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1 %提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要

43、语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。【答案】If a Chinese college student intended to enlist as a soldier in the army, it took a lot of courage five years ago. But today, more and more college studen

44、ts choose to become an army soldier due to the needs of the armies for senior talents, as well as the new policies encouraging students to join the army.24 -year-old Zhou, as finance major, is also turning his attention to the force in order to seek his own development. Earlier this month, he just p

45、assed the physical examination of the call to army. “I hope a stocky body and a strong mind can be gained by the thorough training of the force. Im not bothered about my career development after joining the army; on the contrary, I think it benefits to my career development. ”Modern armies badly nee

46、d the well-educated people to complete the complicated equipment, as the modern warfare and the military plans increasingly need complex technique and operational capability. It is the conscription office stated that comparing with firstly enlisting recruits from college students in 2001, the enroll

47、ees from university graduates increase from 0.1% to 60% in Beijing. Bachelor or above will be useful for the successful application of the recruitment. You will have more advantages if you maintain the knowledge in some specific field. For example, the person of language major has a big advantage du

48、e to the need of the language competence for the military exchanges. The qualified person from electronic communications or electronics which represent a key field of the future military competition has a high demand.In order to attract more high-quality talents to join the army, publicity and rewar

49、ds program have been engaging in the college graduates being called up. In fact, this is meaningful, which broadens your horizons, leaves more time for mapping out your whole future career as well as whether or not to be willing to engage in the forces.20. 单选题The work that women do has always been f

50、undamental to the global economy. But their contribution hasnt registered with traditional economic institutions because so much of it has been nonmonetary. In fact, one common economic term for nonmonetary work is inactivity. Its that attitude that has made womens work invisible. No wonder the batt

51、le cry of the womens movement was equality.By moving into the world of paid work, in rich countries at least, women have indeed upped their visibility. But I doubt that you could, make a very conclusive case that they have become equal to men. The United Nations estimated in 1993 that economic equal

52、ity between the sexes would take, at the pace then prevailing, 1,000 years to achieve. The media love female high fliers, the handful of company directors and CEOs who are trotted out time and again as evidence of the gains women have made. But they are not truly representative of the average workin

53、g woman, saddled with a double burden as she tries to balance her job with life as a mother and homemaker.This balancing act is a formula for unfulfillment. It would have been far more equitable for women in the long run if it was the nonmonetary work that had been shared out if, for example, men sp

54、ent more than a fraction of the time with their children that their wives do. And I believe that, in practice, most women would prefer simple fairness to economic equality. As my friend Hazel Henderson says, our kids didnt want to see us turn into the best bloody men.Still, its very much a trend to

55、focus on the global economic impact of women, particularly as its felt in the small-scale initiatives that women have established around the world. Dealing directly with economically marginalized communities and cooperatives around the globe, Ive seen how women hold a society together. Economic oppo

56、rtunity means much more to them than money. It also fosters the fundamentals of self-esteem: education, health care, cultural continuity and the chance to protect the past while shaping a future.A sense of community is one of the so-called “feminine” values that ethical business thinkers put forward

57、 in their quest for new paradigms. These values reflect intimate personal and cultural attributes that are in many ways the reverse of the global-market syndrome, which is all about distance, impersonality and the movement of capital regardless of human consequence. You dont have to wonder what woul

58、d happen if we could feminize economic activity and economic relations. There is already plenty of evidence in the work of some pioneering female thinkers whose concern about the society their children will inherit promises to fundamentally change global economics.In fact, most of the financial sect

59、ors innovative thinking on socially responsive investing has come from women. Why am I not surprised? Globalization is a mugs game being played in a Mans world. I can imagine a day when compassion counts as much as cash flow. After all, the challenges that confront the business world already demand

60、a holistic perspective. And who is going to be best equipped to face that future?1.According to the writer, most women（ ） .2.The expression saddled with in Line 10 of Paragraph 2 means（ ）.3.The fifth paragraph suggests that in economic activity and economic relations, women（ ） .4.By saying Globaliza

61、tion is a mugs game being played in a mans world, the writer means（ ）.5.The writer implies in the last paragraph that the persons who are going to be best equipped in world economy are（ ） .问题1选项A.want to demonstrate how responsible they are in doing businessB.are ignorant of the global economyC.just

62、 seek simple fairness rather than equalityD.are fed up with their husbands spending less time their children问题2选项A.let downB.put up withC.played upD.burdened with问题3选项A.are much more compassionate than menB.are less qualified than menC.can make a lot of intimate friendsD.attach much importance to economic consequences问题4选项A.it is men who can really have the economic globaliza