2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷94

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Having had her as a professor and an adviser, I can tell you that she is an_force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inspirational“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；B选项

2、educational“教育的，有教育意义的”；C选项excessive“过度的，极度的”；D选项instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根据pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations可知A选项符合语义。句意：有她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她有一种鼓舞人心的力量，推动她的学生超越自己的期望。2. 单选题Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_ .问题1选项A.which they are happenin

3、gB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项和C选项中which 均指代不清；B选项和C选项都为省略关系副词when的定语从句。B选项为现在进行时，表示事情正在发生， D选项they have happened完成时态用法错误。因此，本题正确答案为 B。3. 单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.

4、a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。4. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 2. In 1899, the headof the U.S. Patent O

5、ffice proposed that his office be closed, because everything that can be invented has already been invented. Then hegot on his horse and rode home!3. This senator was terrible to his staff, particularly his speechwriter. On one occasion, he called the poor soul into his office on Fridayafternoon at

6、five oclock and said, Heres a famous quote I want to usein my speech on Monday morning. But I need to know who said it. Find out bythen or youre fired.” One thing you need to know is that it happened in 1950s,when there was no such a thing called Internet.4. The Chinese have a general characteristic

7、, a remarkable skill inimitation, which is exercised not merely in daily life, but also in art.5. Learning the rules the MLA Handbook outlines will help you becomea writer whose work deserves serious consideration.【答案】1.初级和中级研究对于语言学习的科学知识同样重要。2.1899年，美国专利局局长提议关闭他的办公室，因为所有可以发明的东西都已经发明了。然后他骑马回家了！3.这位参

8、议员对他的职员很差，特别是对他的演讲稿撰写人。有一次，他在星期五下午五点把这个可怜的人叫进办公室，说：“这是我想在星期一上午的演讲中引用的一句名言。但我要知道是谁说的。不然你就被解雇了。”有一件事你需要知道，那就是它发生在20世纪50年代，当时没有一种叫做互联网的东西。4.中国人有一个普遍的特点，即在模仿上有一种非凡的技能，这个技能不仅在日常生活中运用，而且在艺术中也运用。5.学习MLA手册中所概括的规则将有助于你成为一个认真考虑自己作品的作家。5. 单选题The lions ferocious behavior was attributed to its lack of edible fle

9、sh.问题1选项A.tameB.relaxedC.savageD.fable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中ferocious表示“残忍的；惊人的；凶残的”；A选项为“驯服的；顺从的；平淡的”；B选项为“放松的，宽松的”；C选项为“野蛮的；荒凉的；凶猛的”；D选项为“寓言，童话”，不是形容词。根据句意可知，狮子的残暴行为源于缺少食用肉。因此，正确答案是C项。6. 单选题Be careful; this patients disease is（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选

10、项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。7. 单选题The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to unders

11、tand how people learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning. SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning. Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additi

12、onal language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework. Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emer

13、ge as more research is conducted.1. Which of the following is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics?2. Which of the following is correct?3. Which of the following is correct?4. A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is

14、conducted because_.5. Which of the following will serve as the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.The distinction between second and foreign language learning.B.The second language.C.The foreign language.D.Second language acquisition.问题2选项A.SLA research examines second language learning, some foreign

15、, third or fourth language learning.B.SLA research examines second language learning, any foreign, third or fourth language learning.C.SLA research examines foreign language learning.D.SLA research examines first language learning.问题3选项A.Additional language and foreign language learning should be tr

16、eated in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.Additional language and foreign language learning should not be treated in the same second language acquisition framework.C.Additional language and foreign language learning have been treated differently in second language acquisition framewor

17、kD.Additional language and foreign language learning have not been treated in different second language acquisition framework问题4选项A.the SLA literature often treats additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition frameworkB.the SLA literature often treats add

18、itional language and foreign language learning in different second language acquisition framework.C.learning a third language is necessarily the same as learning a second language.D.learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language问题5选项A.Inside SLAB.Outside SLAC.Fut

19、ure of SLAD.The third language and SLA【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的The distinction between second and foreign language learning can cause confusion in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), which is the sub-discipline of applied linguistics that aims to understand how peopl

20、e learn a second language and the factors that affect their language learning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLA research not only examines second language learning, but also any foreign, third or fourth language learning.（第二语习得研究不仅研

21、究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Due to the complexity of language learning, we see that the SLA literature often treat additional language and foreign language learning in the same second language acquisition framework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一

22、直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Of course, we know that learning a third language is not necessarily the same as learning a second language.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句A more solid theoretical framework for third or fourth

23、 language acquisition will eventually emerge as more research is conducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。8. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to a

24、ccept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal

25、with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the la

26、test fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In c

27、old climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the

28、 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no lon

29、ger necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fas

30、hion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking

31、as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1. The author thinks that people are_.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to

32、_.3. Causes of fashions are_.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.5. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in

33、 fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.individual hair styleD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion i

34、n formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人

35、敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the

36、fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it

37、 is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外

38、貌形象”符合题意。9. 单选题Please（）those old newspapers while youre cleaning up the room.问题1选项A.dispose outB.dispose ofC.dispose awayD.dispose in【答案】B【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项dispose out非短语搭配；B选项dispose of处理，转让，卖掉；C选项 dispose away 非短语搭配；D选项dispose in非短语搭配。因此，只有B项为正确搭配，且符合题意。句意：请你在清理房间的时候丢掉这些过期的报纸。10. 单选题Only sovereign sta

39、tes are able to make treaties.问题1选项A.constitutionalB.powerfulC.legitimateD.independent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutional adj.宪法的，本质的；B选项powerful adj.强大的，有力的；C选项 legitimate adj.合法的，正当的；D选项independent adj.独立的，单独的，无党派的。根据题意可知，只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约，因此本题选择D项。11. 单选题Such euphemisms may be stylistically permis

40、sible if they are kept within .问题1选项A.boundariesB.rangesC.bordersD.limits【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项boundaries n.界限，分界线，边界；B选项ranges n.里程，范围；C选项borders n.边界，边缘地区；D选项limits n.范围，限制，领土。句意：这样的委婉用法在文体结构上是可以的，但前提是要在有限范围内使用。根据句意可知，D项符合题意。因此，D项是正确答案。12. 单选题His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high

41、in_to his income.问题1选项A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in proportion to表示“与成比例，与相称”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的开销占他收入相当大的比例。13. 单选题Diamonds have little_value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项

42、extinct“灭绝的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，不变的”；C选项surplus“过剩的”；D选项intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本质的”。根据their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity可知D选项符合语义。句意：钻石几乎没有内在价值，其价格几乎完全取决于其稀缺性。14. 单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body

43、.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。15. 单选题I feel obligated to give my opinion on the subject.问题1选项A.requiredB.forbiddenC.d

44、eterminedD.encouraged【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项required adj.必需的，必须的；B选项forbidden adj.不被允许的，被禁止的；C选项determined adj.坚决的，决定的；D选项encouraged adj.怂恿的，受到鼓舞的。句意：我认为我必须对这个话题发表自己的观点。根据句意可知A选项正确。16. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.1. The recent speculation includes the possibility that the first living cel

45、ls might have arisen on Mars, seeding Earth via the many meteorites that are known to travel from Mars to our planet.2. Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with words: I count only the happy hours.3. Failure to greet a person you recognize or

46、to answer a greeting given to you is an unkindness to the other person, and very bad manners.4. Everything can be taken from a man but one thingthe freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances. (Leonhard Frand).5. There is a growing trend of sending teenage students abroad to stu

47、dythe number has been increasing dramatically. Their parents are fantasized by myths about education offered in foreign countries. They are attracted by the educational exhibitions presented by foreign universities and colleges, which paint many rosy pictures and tell many glow tales prompting them

48、into actions. However, sending young children to study abroad may not predict result in success. Many young students lack adaptability and flexibility.【答案】1.最近的推测包括第一批具有生命的细胞可能出现在火星上，通过很多从火星飞到地球的陨石将上面的种子播种到地球上。2.威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭漫步的好去处，她从容宁静，闲适悠然，连城中的日冕上都刻着这样的铭文：只记住快乐的时光。3.不向你认识的人打招呼或不回应别人的问候是不友好，也是非常不礼

49、貌的行为。4.任何东西都可以从一个人的身上拿走，但有一样不行，那就是在任何特定的环境中选择自己的生活态度的自由。（莱昂哈德弗兰克）5.现在越来越流行送十几岁的学生出国留学，而且这个人数也在急剧增加。他们的父母被外国提供的教育神话所迷惑。他们被外国大学和学院举办的教育展所吸引，这些展览描绘了许多美好的画面，讲述了许多激励他们采取行动的光辉故事。然而，送孩子出国留学可能无法预测成功的结果。许多年轻学生缺乏适应能力和灵活性。17. 单选题One of the attractive features of the training was the way the practical work had

50、been_ into the learning process.问题1选项A.adjustedB.alternatedC.incorporatedD.combined【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“适应，调整”；B选项alternate“交替，轮流”；C选项incorporate“将包括在内，包含，吸收”；D选项combine“使结合”。根据practical work与into the learning process可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：该培训吸引人的一个特点是将实践工作纳入到学习过程的方式。18. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and

51、 globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increas

52、ed in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The ve

53、ry people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place mu

54、ch of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connec

55、tions from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial c

56、onnection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we

57、have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spendi

58、ng much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compas

59、s and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If t

60、his new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that_.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable r

61、esource for the .com generation?4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that_.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be_.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forwardB.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life qualityD.technology should be aggressively championed问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the inf