2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第198期

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He（ ）himself on her by not inviting her to his party.问题1选项A.revengedB.repaidC.reproachedD.rectified【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。revenge oneself on sb.表示“报复；向（某人）报仇”。句意：他通过不邀请她来参加派对向她报复。结合句意，故A为正确答案。2. 单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is cert

2、ainly on the（ ）brilliant career.问题1选项A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: porch “阳台” ；B: threshold “开端；门槛”；C: edge “边缘”；D: course “课程；航线”。句意：作为学院最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正处于辉煌事业的起点。结合语境，故B为正确答案。3. 单选题Many photographers prefer to take pictures（ ）, when they can take advantage of the special ef

3、fects of the setting sun.问题1选项A.at noonB.at twilightC.in the morningD.in the fall【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：当它们能够利用落日的特殊效果时，很多摄影师更喜欢在黄昏拍照。根据关键词the setting sun，中文翻译为：落日，判断出B为正确答案。4. 单选题The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could（ ）.问题1选项A.stand up forB.make up forC

4、.come up withD.put up with【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: stand up for “支持；坚持” ；B: make up for “补偿，弥补”；C: come up with “追赶上；提出”；D: put up with “忍受，容忍”。句意：对人类而言，这些宝物的破坏是一种无法用金钱弥补的损失。结合此处语境，后文写道没有金钱可以弥补，故B为正确答案。5. 单选题The people of this country have entrenched themselves to（ ）any invaders who refuse to give up their

5、evil intention.问题1选项A.ward offB.cut offC.work offD.lay off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组词义辨析。A: ward off “避开，挡住”；B: cut off “切断；中断；使死亡； 剥夺继承权”；C: work off “售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”；D: lay off “解雇；休息；停止工作”。句意：这个国家的人们已经致力于消灭任何拒绝放弃邪恶意图的侵略者了。根据句意可知C为正确答案。6. 单选题To call the music of another music-culture primitive is（ ）ones o

6、wn standards on a group that does not recognize them.问题1选项A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】考查词组。imposeon“把强加于”句意：叫另一种音乐文化的乐曲为“原始的东西”，是一个处于不了解他们的人群中的人，把自己的标准强加给别人。因此可知D为正确答案。7. 单选题It is announced that a wallet has been found and can he （ ） at the managers office.问题1选项A.declaredB.obta

7、inedC.reclaimedD.recognized【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 declare “断言，宣称，宣布”；B选项 obtain “获得，得到”；C选项 reclaim “要求归还，收回；认领（失物）”；D选项 recognize“认出，认可，承认”。句意：通知说，有人发现了一只钱包，失主可到经理室认领。结合此处语境，C选项正确。8. 单选题An ideal college should be a community, a place of close, natural, intimate association, not only of the young men w

8、ho are its pupils and novices in various lines of study, but also of young men with older men, with mature men, with veterans and professional in the great undertaking of learning, of teachers with pupils, outside the classroom as well as inside it. No one is successfully educated within the walls o

9、f any particular classroom or laboratory or museum; and no amount of association, however close and familiar and delightful, between mere beginners can ever produce the sort of enlightenment which the young lad gets when he first-begins to catch the infection of learning. The trouble with most of ou

10、r colleges nowadays is that the faculty of the college live one life and the undergraduates quite a different one. They constitute two communities. The life of the undergraduates is not touched with the personal influence of the teachers: life among the teachers is not touched by the personal impres

11、sions which should come from frequent and intimate contact with undergraduates. This separation need not exist, and, in the college of the ideal university, would not exist.It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in

12、it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will beestablished between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual wor

13、k is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievementonly by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natura

14、l intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is practical and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books, but they are generally made t

15、houghtful by association with men who think.The present and most pressing problem of our university authorities is to bring about this vital association for the benefit of the novices of the university world, the undergraduates. Classroom methods are thorough enough; competent scholars already lectu

16、re and set tasks and superintend their performance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies: is almost entirely dissociated from intellectual interests.1.Successful education is the ac

17、quiring of knowledge from（ ）.2.The teacher and the student do not understand each other much because （ ）.3.The teacher and the student（ ）.4.Man tends to think because（ ）.5.It is found that a student does not often make the most use of（ ）to make life more worth living.问题1选项A.classrooms, laboratories

18、and museumsB.all sources availableC.intimate association between beginnersD.experienced scholars问题2选项A.they do not live togetherB.they do not often try to exchange ideas, emotions and experiencesC.they do not respect each otherD.they have different standards of education问题3选项A.can actually live in e

19、ach others lifeB.can live together in the same placeC.can play equally wellD.can discuss freely every day问题4选项A.he has read a lotB.he is interested in the subjectC.he knows how others may feelD.he wants to learn问题5选项A.classroom methodsB.tasksC.his school knowledgeD.his performance【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A

20、第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段提出观点：理想校园应该是多样的，而且没有人在任何特定的教室、实验室或博物馆内接受过成功的教育。校园里的分离是不需要存在的，并且在理想大学的学院中也不存在。因此判断只有B项“成功的教育是从知识中获取的”符合文意。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “The trouble with most of our colleges nowadays is that the faculty of the college live one life and the undergraduates quite a different one. Th

21、ey constitute two communities. The life of the undergraduates is not touched with the personal influence of the teachers: life among the teachers is not touched by the personal impressions which should come from frequent and intimate contact with undergraduates.”，中文大意为：现在我们大多数大学的问题在于，学院的教职员工过着一种生活，而

22、本科生则完全不同。他们构成了两个社区。大学生的生活不受教师的个人影响，教师之间的生活不受来自与大学生频繁、亲密接触的个人印象的影响。由此可知B选项“他们通常不会交换想法、情感和经验”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第二段中 “It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it”，中文翻译为：我们完全有可能把大学的生活组织起来，使学生和教师都能参与其中。以及下文 “It is o

23、nly by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is”，中文翻译为：只有通过这样的组织，才能使大学这种严格地培养人的地方真正充满朝气，才能使他们成为共同生活的团体，年轻人在其中会充分认识到脑力劳动是多么有趣。综合而知，A项“能真正活在彼此的生活中”正确。

24、4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is practical and connected with the world. Men are not always

25、 made thoughtful by books, but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.”，中文翻译为：正是与学者的交谈和自然交流，你会发现知识是多么生动、知识与一切有趣和重要的事物是多么紧密相连，它是这些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切实用的以及与当今世界有关的事物密切联系的一部分。人们并不总是通过书本来思考，但是通常与善于思考的人交往能使人善于思考。可以得知D选项“他想了解”正确。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章尾段 “Classroom methods are thoroug

26、h enough; competent scholars already lecture and set tasks and superintend their performance; but the life of the average undergraduate outside the classroom and other stated appointments with his instructors is not very much affected by his studies: is almost entirely dissociated from intellectual

27、interests.”，中文翻译为：课堂教学方法足够彻底；有能力的学者已经讲课，设定任务并监督他们的表现；但是，普通本科生的课外生活以及与导师的其他约定并没有受到他学习的太大影响：几乎完全脱离了他的智力兴趣。因此C选项最符合。9. 单选题The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be all things to all people. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while fail

28、ing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than means, have become ends. Students are off

29、ered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students. The report concludes that the special challenge confronting

30、 the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.Although the key to a good college is a high-q

31、uality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. Not surprisingly, over the last

32、twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “

33、there is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”1.When a college tries to be all things to all people (Lines 1, ParA.1), it aims to（ ）.2.By saying that in too many academic fields, the work has no context (P

34、ara.1) the author means that the teaching in these areas（ ）.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that（ ）.4.Why did American colleges and universities fail to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates?5.It can be inferred from thepassage that h

35、igh -quality college education calls for（ ）.问题1选项A.satisfy the needs of all kinds of students at the same timeB.focus on training students in various skillsC.encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD.make learning serve academic rather than productive ends问题2选项A.ignores the actual dang

36、erB.is not based on the right perspectiveC.only focuses on humanityD.gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students问题3选项A.a narrow-minded careerism has come to dominate many collegeB.students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.C.skills are being taught

37、as a means to an endD.students are only interested in obtaining credentials问题4选项A.Because most of them lack high-quality facultiesB.Because the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC.Because there are not enough hard working studentsD.Because they attach greater importance to research an

38、d publication than to teaching问题5选项A.fanatical support from the governmentB.a commitment to students and effective teachingC.the practice of putting learning to productive endsD.dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge only【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词all things to all

39、 people可以定位到文章第一段中 “In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.” 中文翻译为“在这样做的过程中，他们越来越倾向于狭隘的职业主义，却未能在学生中培养出 全球视野。”以及“Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree.”，中文翻译

40、为：“学生们可以选择各种不同的方式，并允许他们选择某种程度的课 程。”可以推断出C选项：鼓励学生研习尽可能多的课程是其目的。2.推理判断题。由题干中的in too many academic fields, the work has no context可以定位到文章第一段中 “skills, rather than means, have become ends” 中文大意为“学习的目的是获得技能，而不是获得某种方法。”进一步解释说明了题干这一部分，因此判断出B选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。读完第一段可知，因为迎合找工作的需要，现在美国的许多大学里出现了教学危机。意味着仅仅为了寻找工作这种狭

41、隘的思想支配了很多大学的教学方向。结合语境，A选项“一种狭隘的职业主义已经占据了许多大学的主导地位”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词可以定位到文章中 “Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching.”，中文翻译为“. 虽然一个好的大学的关键是高质量的教师，卡内基的研究发现，但是大多数大学 很少鼓励良好的教学。”，“In fact, they

42、do much to undermine it.”，中文翻译为：“事实上，它们起到了很大的破坏作用。”以及 “As one professor observed: Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.”，中文翻译为：“正如一位教授所说：我们被告知，教学很重要，但教师们知道，研究和出版是最重要的。”可以得知D选项：因为他们更重视研究和出版，而不是教学，最符合题意。5.推理判断题。由题干关键词high -quality college e

43、ducation可以定位到文章中 “Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty,.” 中文翻译为“虽然要想成为一所好大学的关键是高素质的教师”以及 “As one professor observed: Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.”，中文翻译为：“正如一位教授所说：我们被告知，教学很重要，但教师们知道，研究和出版是最重要的。”可推断出目前正是因为不

44、注重教学注重研究，才会使得一半学生难以毕业。结合语境，B选项：“对学生的义务与有效的教学”最符合。10. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great and（ ）,therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 intention “意图，目的”；B选项 instinct “本能，天性”；C选项 integrity “正直，完整”；D选项 intensity “剧烈，强

45、度”。句意：市长是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我们给予政治和经济上的支持。A，B和D项不与with搭配，结合句意，C选项正确。11. 单选题He has been（ ）a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.问题1选项A.employingB.exertingC.endeavoringD.aspiring【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。exert pressure on.表示“给施加压力”。句意：他对我施加了很大的压力，要求我改变主意。结合句意，故B为正确答案。12. 单选题Fred has a(n)（ ）kind of humor that can

46、 only be appreciated by those willing to search beneath the surface.问题1选项A.obviousB.hiddenC.subtleD.controlled【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: obvious“明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的”；B: hidden “隐藏的”；C: subtle “微妙的；细微的”；D: controlled “受控制的；受约束的”。句意：那些愿意了解深层意思的人才会欣赏到Fred的微妙幽默。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。13. 单选题She steered（ ）of being associate

47、d with such people.问题1选项A.clearB.voidC.bareD.free【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。steer clear of sb./sth.表示“绕开;避开”。句意：她避免与这种人交往。结合句意，故A为正确答案。14. 单选题The inauguration of the new president will be held at 8 oclock（ ）.问题1选项A.sharplyB.rightC.promptD.punctually【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A: sharply “严厉地；锋利地”；B: right “立刻” ; C: pro

48、mpt “迅速的； 敏捷的”；D: punctually “准时地”。 句意：新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点，因此可知D为正确答案。15. 单选题（ ）to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.问题1选项A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 orientation“方向，方位

49、，定位”；B选项 access “出口，接近，进入”，常与to搭配；C选项 procession “行列，队伍，前进，推移”；D选项 voyage “航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地区仍然很难进入，因为该大陆的某些地区仍然被茂密的森林所覆盖。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。16. 单选题At first, the（ ）of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible but with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.问题1选项A.transa

50、ctionB.transmissionC.transformationD.transition【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A选项 transaction “办理，处理；业务，交易”；B选项 transmission “播送，发射，传送”；C选项 transformation “变化，转化”；D选项 transition “转变，转换”。句意：起初，远距离传输彩色图片似乎是不可能的，但随着人们的艰苦努力和花费的巨大的代价，它终于变成了现实。结合句意，表示传输彩色图片，故B选项正确。17. 单选题She was a great help to her family when her fa

51、ther suffered a mental（ ）and had to be hospitalized.问题1选项A.destructionB.disasterC.damageD.collapse【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: destruction “破坏，毁灭” ；B: disaster “灾难；不幸”；C: damage “损害”；D: collapse “崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mental damage，故C为正确答案。18. 单选题The first mention of slavery in t

52、he statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us, that the status of Black people down to the 1660s w

53、as that of servants. A critique of the Hanlins interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and Sout

54、h America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of While servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, here to fore treated alike, each attained a diff

55、erent status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servants position was improving, during and after the 1660s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handli

56、n interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on chat points to racial discriminat

57、ion without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes, stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status-the two attributes of true slavery-yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never

58、treated as the equals of White people.The possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued,

59、the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South AmericA.Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America

60、- such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equalityexplains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South AmericA.But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely based only on a lack of something

61、. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.1.Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several

62、acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (lines 11) passed during and after the 1660s?2.With which of the following statements regarding the status of Black people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?3.According to the passage, t

63、he Handlins have argued which of the following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?4.The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of（ ）.5.The author considers the Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment accorded Blac