2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解26

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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Plays are an important form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end

2、there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real gold is used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it.

3、A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places. The audience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a p

4、erson unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as if he is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chant

5、s much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the seventeenth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often w

6、arriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick makeup. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound st

7、range at first, but it makes the action on the stage more exciting. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do

8、 Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is true about the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （ ）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about（ ）.5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?问题1选项A.Music is used in both types of drama.B.Women performed b

9、oth mens and womens parts in the beginning.C.Both mens andwomens parts were played by males in the earlier period.D.Both A and C.问题2选项A.Costumes are funny, light and rough.B.Stages are 18 feet square.C.A background with a tree painted on it is the only scenery.D.The performers must use all their ima

10、ginations.问题3选项A.Noh is slowerB.Noh is simplerC.Noh is more colorfulD.Noh is more exciting问题4选项A.likes and dislikes of the 17th century common peopleB.the tastes of the 17th century Japanese merchantsC.the life style of the ruling classD.the courageous deeds of the soldiers问题5选项A.Flutes, gongs and t

11、wo blocks of wood.B.Drums and samisens.C.Gongs, drums and wooden hammers.D.A and B.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选

12、D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Mu

13、sicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor. ”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。2. 翻译题疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲人最常抱怨的问题之一。或许你认为在这个拥有各种节省体力的装置和方便的交通设施

14、的时代。很少有人会有理由感到如此疲劳。然而，今天与用手捆干草，用搓衣板洗衣服的昔日相比，抱怨疲劳的人也许更多了。据医生们说，疲倦更可能是由于过少的活动所致，而不是过多的活动所引起的。情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑，显然是长期疲劳最常见的原因。【答案】Fatigue is one of the most common problems complained by people to doctors, friends and folks. Perhaps you think that few would have reasons to feel tired in the era of full

15、of all kinds of strength-saving device and convenient transport facilities. However, maybe more people complain about the fatigue nowadays than the old days when baling hay by hand and washing clothes with a washboard. As the doctor said, fatigue is more likely to result from too little activity, an

16、d not to be caused by too many activities. Emotional problems and trouble, especially depression and anxiety, are clearly the most common cause of chronic fatigue.3. 单选题Johns evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following days tutorial.

17、问题1选项A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，tutorial指辅导课，辅导材料。lecture 演讲，讲稿，教训；report 报告，成绩单；quiz恶作剧，随堂测验；discussion 讨论。选项A最符合原文语境，所以正确。4. 单选题It is generally believed that people who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.inte

18、nselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】densely 浓密地，密集地；intensely 强烈地，紧张地，热情地；abundantly 丰富地，大量地；highly 高度地；非常。 句意：人们普遍认为住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ）at many survival skills.问题1选项A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient【答案

19、】A【解析】proficient熟练的，精通的；persistent固执的，坚持的；consistent始终如一的，一致的；sufficient足够的，充分的。根据句意可知应该是精通技能，所以选项A正确。6. 单选题A kiln is a type of oven in which clay is （ ）so that it hardens into a form of ceramic material.问题1选项A.repairedB.bakedC.meltedD.lightened【答案】B【解析】repair 修理，修补；bake 烤，烘焙；melt 使融化，使软化；lighten 使照

20、亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。7. 单选题Some scientists hypothesized that there are intellectual beings on some （ ）bodies.问题1选项A.astronauticB.celestialC.astronomicalD.astrological【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项astronautic“太空航行的，宇航员的”，C项astronomical“天文的，天文学的”，D项astrological“占星的，占星学的，占星术的”，B项celestial“天上的，天空的

21、”，celestial body表示“天体”。由intellectual beings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天体上”。句意：一些科学家假设某些天体上有智慧生物。因此，该题选择B项正确。8. 单选题At first, the results of the experiment seemed （ ）,but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.haphazardB.graveC.genuineD.gullible【答案】B【解析】haphazard 偶然的，随意的；grave 严肃的，暗淡的；genuine 真正的，诚恳的；gullible 易受骗

22、的，轻信的。句意：起初，实验的结果似乎没有起色，但最终出现了一个模式。选项B更符合语境。9. 单选题His （ ）life as a revolutionary made him highly adaptable to various kinds of hard living conditions.问题1选项A.erraticB.eccentricC.erroneousD.inured【答案】A【解析】erratic不稳定的； eccentric 古怪的，反常的；erroneous 错误的，不正确的；inured 习惯 的。句意：作为革命者，飘忽不定的生活使他能够适应各种艰苦的生活条件。选项A

23、符合句意。10. 单选题Margaret Meads reputation was established with the publication of her book in 1928 and was enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.问题1选项A.obscuredB.entrancedC.heightenedD.restored【答案】C【解析】句意：enhanced意为“提高，增强”。obscured掩盖，遮蔽；entranced着迷的，狂喜的；heightened提高，升高；restored修复

24、，恢复。选项C与之意思相近。11. 单选题If my application for the scholarship（ ） , （ ）I my education in the States now.问题1选项A.was accepted / can continueB.has been accepted / have been continuingC.had been accepted / could have continuedD.accepts / will have continued【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知这里是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would

25、 /should /could +have done，所以选项 C正确。12. 单选题There is no reason to insult and （ ）the man simply because you do not agree with him.问题1选项A.depictB.enervateC.distortD.defame【答案】D【解析】depict 描述，描画；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，变形；defame 诽谤，中伤。句意：如果仅仅是因为你不同意他的观点，那么你没有理由侮辱和诋毁他。选项D 符合句意。13. 单选题An abstract is（ ）

26、 form of an academic article. Many journals publish abstracts so readers can decide if it is worthwhile to read the full version of the article.问题1选项A.conciseB.comprehensiveC.concreteD.conceptual【答案】A【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以

27、便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题It is very strange, but I had an （ ）that the plane would crash.问题1选项A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive【答案】B【解析】inspiration灵感，鼓舞；intuition直觉；imagination想象力；incentive动机，刺激。句意：虽然很奇怪，但我有一种飞机会坠毁的直觉。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题The cost of making the programs was shared by a c

28、onsortium of six public television stations.问题1选项A.conformationB.associationC.patchworkD.combine【答案】B【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation 构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork 拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。16. 单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was promoted to

29、a manager after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。17. 单选题Lets put an end to this unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.deci

30、siveD.competitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题Americans feel that using someones words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.问题1选项A.necessaryB.unbelievableC.acceptableD.equivalen

31、t【答案】D【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。equivalent相等的，同意义的。选项D与之意思相近。19. 单选题If profit and money are your first （ ）, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.问题1选项A.potentialityB.priorityC.superiorityD.responsibility【答案】B【解析】potentiality潜力，可能性；

32、priority优先权，优先考虑的事；superiority优越，优势；responsibility责任，职责，义务。句意：如果利润和金钱是你最优先考虑的事，而对他人的承诺是你最不关心的，那么你的教育就是失败的。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题By the time that dispute was resolved, relations between service and management had been poisoned.问题1选项A.disdainedB.retainedC.taintedD.stained【答案】C【解析】句意：在争端得到解决时，服务和管理之间的关系已经被破坏。poisoned意为破坏，摧毁。disdained 鄙弃；retained保留，保存；tainted 污染的，感染的；stained 玷污的，着色的。选项C最符合原句语境，所以正确。