考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题含答案39

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1、考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题In _ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 prime “主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项 primitive “原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项 primary “主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项 preliminary “初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原

2、始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Food subsidies are necessary for keeping down the price of dairy products and bread.问题1选项A.controlsB.aidsC.accumulationsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项 aids“艾滋病”；C选项 accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项 transformations“转变”。句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和

3、面包的价格是必要的。结合此处关键短语keeping down the price（压低价格），得知A选项正确。3. 单选题The volcano gave warning that it would soon pop: small earthquakes shuddered beneath its surface on September 23.问题1选项A.sankB.sentC.eruptedD.shook【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项 sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted “爆发；长出”；D选项 shook “摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就

4、会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。4. 单选题There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come fr

5、om the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking

6、of censusall of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of datA.These data may be quantitative

7、, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariables that are characterized by an underlying continuumor the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large mass of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction bef

8、ore they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of otherwise unwieldy mass or data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficultie

9、s for the unaided human minD.This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have

10、 been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the

11、purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.1. With what is the passage mainly concerned?2. The word “divergent “in line 1 in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.3. Why does t

12、he author mention the “mother” and “father” in the first paragraph?4. Which of the following is NOT given an example of qualitative variable?5. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?问题1选项A.The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statisticsB.Applicat

13、ion of inferential statisticsC.The development and use of statisticsD.How to use the descriptive statistics问题2选项A.differentB.distributedC.recordedD.prominent问题3选项A.To point out that parents can teach their children statisticsB.To introduce inferential statisticsC.To explain that there are different

14、kinds of variablesD.To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way问题4选项A.GenderB.HeightC.College majorD.Type of personalities问题5选项A.To compare different groupsB.To predict characteristics of the entire populationC.To detect differences not observable in the whole popula

15、tionD.To compile more accurate data【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句 “There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。A选项“描述统计和推理统计的缺点”不符合题意。B选项“推理统计学的应用”，推理统计学只是统计学的一类，不符合题意。选项D “使用描述性统计学”跟选项B类似，描述性统计学也只是

16、统计学的一类。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。2.形容词词义辨析题。由题干关键字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段， 第一句“There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。可知A选项“different”（不同的）正确。B选项“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C选项 “recorded”（记录的）排除。D选项“prominent”（著名的）排除。3.作者意图题。由题干关键字“mot

17、her，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance.”，中文翻

18、译为：统计学有一个“母亲”，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件（国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status），还有一个有绅士般的赌博“父亲”，他依靠数学来提高技巧，以便在几率的游戏中获胜。由中文大意得知，选项D “To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way. ”以幽默易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景符合题意。4.推理判断题。由题干关键字“qualitative variables”可以定位到原文第二段中 “the data may represent qualitative v

19、ariables, such as sex, college major, or personality type.” 中文翻译为： 数据可能代表定性变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。 可以得知B选项“height”没有提及，所以B选项正确。选项A “Gender”（性别），选项C “College major”（大学专业），选项D “Type of personalities”（性格类型）。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteris

20、tics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.”，中文翻译为：推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一部分样本的特征来预测或估计该群体的特征。则B选项“预测整个人口的特征”正确。5. 单选题The chocolate company maintained stable sales _ and increased profits by 4.7% in the fiscal period ending in February.问题1选项A.volumes

21、B.rowsC.dimensionsD.outputs【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 volumes “体积，容量”；B选项rows “一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项 dimensions “规模，大小”；D选项outputs “输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售，并增加了4.7%的利润。sales volumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Since the 1950s, conservation efforts including stricter hunting rules and measures like trap

22、ping the birds and then releasing them into healthy forests helped restore wild turkey populations.问题1选项A.protectionB.conspiracyC.compensationD.destruction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项protection“保护；防卫；护照”；B选项 conspiracy “阴谋；共谋”；C选项compensation “补偿；报酬；赔偿金”；D选项 destruction “破坏，毁灭；摧毁”。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，保护措施包括更严格的

23、狩猎规则和诱捕火鸡然后将它们放归健康的森林等措施帮助了野生火鸡数量的恢复。结合此处关键短语 helped restore wild turkey populations（帮助恢复了野生火鸡的数量），可排除B、D选项，C选项不符合题意，也可排除，得知A选项正确。7. 单选题Susan Teller traveled and lectured throughout the country to _ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.问题1选项A.advocateB.acquire

24、C.proclaimD.prosecute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 advocate “提倡，拥护；为辩护”；B选项 acquire “获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项 proclaim “宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项 prosecute “检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。8. 单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by the ab

25、sence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularity “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。9. 单选题European Un

26、ion environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and SyngentA.The prelim

27、inary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available

28、on the European market for cultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified com, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that l

29、arvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified com “behave differently than other larvae.” In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls “potential damage on the environment irreversible.” In the decision on Syngentas com, he says that “th

30、e level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable.”A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modifie

31、d corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.“These products have been g

32、rown in the U.S. and other countries for years,” said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative, “We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities,” he said.Barbara Helf

33、ferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the “precautionary principle” even when scientists had found no de

34、finitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified “com byproducts re

35、duced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects” and that these insects “are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators” and that this could have “unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.”Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against fut

36、ure approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified com are already imported into several European countries, including

37、France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalizeD.But he made clear that the United States remain

38、ed frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.1. The preliminary decisions are made by _ .2. To the decisions, the European Commission officials attitudes are _.3. About the decisions, which one of the following statements is TRUE?4. Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the geneti

39、cally modified corn in his decision in order to _.5. The word “tilt” in ParA.6 most probably means _.问题1选项A.Stavros DimasB.European Union environmental officialsC.European CommissionD.DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta问题2选项A.skepticalB.controversialC.divergentD.contradictory问题3选项A.The dec

40、isions aim to put a ban on the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corn due to political and biological concernsB.The decisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving the products harmful is foundC.The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected

41、 by their trade partnersD.There is high possibility that the decisions would be approved by the European Commission问题4选项A.dispel some officials doubt on his decisionsB.assure that they can be presented before the commission with solid evidenceC.demonstrate the latest achievement of his decisionD.enh

42、ance the strength of his decision-making问题5选项A.induceB.affectC.inclineD.evoke【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“preliminary decisions”（初步的决定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission,”（初步决定正在拥有最终决定权的欧盟委员会内部流传），故判断C选项“欧盟委员会”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Eu

43、ropean Commission official”（欧盟委员会官员）可定位到文中第一段第三句“Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States.”（一些官员对这一禁令持怀疑态度，因为它将扰乱强大的生物技术产业，并可能加剧与美国等重要贸易伙伴的紧张关系）。A选项“持怀疑态度的”符合题

44、意，因此A选项正确。B选项“有争议的”，可排除。C选项“发散的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，可排除。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“decisions”（决定）可定位到文中第三段“A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modif

45、ied corn”。中文翻译：欧盟禁止种植转基因作物的决定，将是欧盟首次做出此类决定，并将加剧围绕转基因作物的持续斗争。A选项“出于政治和生物方面的考虑，这些决定旨在禁止销售转基因玉米种子”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“即使没有确凿的证据证明产品有害，也有可能做出决定”，可排除。C选项“这些决定受到所有欧盟成员国的热烈欢迎，但遭到其贸易伙伴的强烈反对”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“这些决定很有可能得到欧盟委员会的批准。”不符合题意，可排除。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Mr. Dimas”可定位到文中的第二段。A选项“打消了一些官员对他的决定的怀疑。”官员对于转基因玉米对环境的影响持肯定态

46、度，Mr. Dimas与他们的观点一致，因此可排除A选项。B选项“确保向委员会提供确凿证据。”符合题意，B选项正确。C选项“展示他决定的最新成果。”联系上下文，Mr. Dimas的观点不是为了展示他决定的最新成果，因此可排除。D选项“增强他的决策力。”也不符合题意，也可排除。因此，选项B正确。5.词义辨析题。由题干关键词可定位到文中第六段。A选项“诱导；引起”，B选项“影响”，C选项“倾向于；（使）倾向于”，D选项“引起，唤起；博得”。根据关键词“policy”（政策），可排除A、D选项，由关键词“drastically”（彻底地，激烈地）可推测这个决定的所产生的后果比较严重，因此B选项可排除

47、。C选项与词义意思相近，因此，C选项正确。10. 单选题The sultry weather in the tropics encourages a life of _.问题1选项A.leisureB.comfortC.industryD.indolence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 leisure“空闲”；B选项 comfort“安慰，舒适”；C选项 industry“产业，工业”；D选项indolence“懒散，懒惰”。句意：天气闷热的热带地区鼓励生活。根据句意，可以推测天气闷热，会鼓励一种懒散生活。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题The man had either to

48、leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender him

49、self to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。12. 单选题In response to the signals, the robot arms make scribbles on white canvas with three colored markers attached to the end of the arms.问题1选项A.imagesB.scriptsC.scratchesD.characters【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images “图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts “原稿”；C选项scratch

50、es“刮伤；刮花”；D选项 characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。13. 单选题Without departing from the fundamental laws of the selfish gene, we can see how cooperation and mutual assistance can _ even in a basically selfish worlD.问题1选项A.flourishB.flutterC.fluctuateD.fl

51、ush【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 flourish “繁荣，茂盛；茁壮成长，处于旺盛时期；挥舞；炫耀”；B选项 flutter “飘动；（鸟或昆虫）鼓翼；飞来飞去；（心脏等）怦怦乱跳；（人）奔忙”；C选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；D选项 flush “发红；使发光；因兴奋；冲洗，冲掉；把赶出隐藏地；使暴露；绽出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不违背自私基因的基本规律的情况下，我们可以看到即使在一个基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁荣发展的。结合句意，A为正确答案。14. 单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones h

52、ave a nasty tendency to devour their neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.deludeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor “努力；尽力”；C选项 delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因

53、此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。15. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-ca

54、lled Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we h

55、ave the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the

56、WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The

57、Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.T

58、he debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, whi

59、ch had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to Pres

60、ident Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be som

61、eone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free

62、trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.” (the last s

63、entence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.the polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence