情态动词和虚拟语气精讲

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1、 情态动词和虚拟语气精讲专题一 语法和词汇知识之情态动词和虚拟语气4新课标【专题考点】1 考察情态动词的根本用法 2 考察情态动词的推测性用法3 考察“情态动词+have done的用法4 考察与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在简单句中的运用5 考察与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用6 考察与情态动词should相关的虚拟语气在名词性从句中运用【典例探究】1.2010全国卷IT29 Just be patient .You_expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not【解析】选A。句

2、意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化太快。cant在否认句中可以表示推测，译为“一定不，不可能，可以表示语气很强的否认推测；译为“不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许或没有能力，neednt表示“不必要， may not表示“可能不会，语气非常弱。will not表示将来不会。根据句意与语境可知说话者是在表示推测，并且推测的可能性较强。应选A。22010卷T 34. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my veg

3、etables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died【解析】选D。句意：“天气又干又热。“是啊。哪怕下一滴雨，事情比现在都要好得多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。由句意及题干中的If it had rained even a drop可知事实上第二个人的菜已经死了，题中是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用would +have +过去分词，因此选D。3 2010卷T 29. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to s

4、chool for safety.A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【解析】选A。句意：教师们建议父母，为了平安起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。recommend在句中是“建议的意思，其后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形的形式。【知识拓展】常见的“should型虚拟语气1. 与表示建议、要求、命令suggest/suggestion，demand，order，propose/proposal，insist，command，require，desire，recomm

5、end等相关的名词性从句中，通常用“should型虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形结构，而且should可省略。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。They all agreed to my proposal that we (should) share in the taxi fare.他们都同意我的提议，我们分摊计程车费。The order came that free food (should) be distributed at once.命令下达了，立刻发放免费食品。My adv

6、ice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。2. 在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary that从句这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形结构。It is strange that he should speak to his father like that. 真奇怪，他竟然和他父亲那样说话。4 2010卷T 15If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for th

7、e meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【解析】选B。句意：“如果我们走另外一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿参加会议。由句意可知，实际上我们没有走另外一条路，所以没能及时赶到这儿参加会议。此题是对过去动作的虚拟。对过去动作虚拟时，主句用了might + have +过去分词，从句用过去完成时had + 过去分词。5 2010卷T25I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt【

8、解析】选A。句意为：我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。从后半句局部“看那部电影会给带来噩梦可知，前局部语境应是懊悔看了这部电影，shouldnt have done意为“过去不应该做但实际上做某事。neednt have done 表示“过去没有必要做而实际上做了某事；couldnt have done 过去不可能做某过某事；must表示推测不可用于否认形式，故D项不存在。【知识拓展】情态动词+have done在高考中经常考察的几个角度：1must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事2cant/couldnt have done sth. 过去不可能做过某事3could

9、have done sth. 过去本来能做某事3should have done sth. 过去本来应该做某事4shouldnt have done sth. 过去本来不应做某事5may/might (not) have done sth. 过去可能(没有)做过某事6neednt have done sth. 过去没有必要做某事【跟踪演练】1 2011七校联考He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expr

10、essedD. must have expressed2 2011枣庄第一次质检- Who did it? - _ you ask? It was Joe, of course. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need32011十一县市联考 Whats wrong with you?-Oh, I am sickI _ so much ice cream just nowAshouldnt eat Bmustnt eat Ccouldnt have eatenDshouldnt have eaten42010 省市二模 32.Will it take me long t

11、o get to the Sunshine Hotel? No, it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now.A. shouldnt B. shant C. mustnt D. neednt52010省二模23-I failed to catch the early bus because I overslept this morning -You have stayed up too late last night AcouldBwouldCshouldDmust6 2010省市二模35What kind of car do you want

12、to have? A large one? Well，it_ be largethats not important Amustnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dneednt7 2010 省五中二模22.It rained a lot during their journey, so they have had a good time.A cant B must C shouldnt D might8 2010市55中二模2一Helen, will you be at the party tonight? 一Yes，but I really _as I have so much home

13、work to doAcantBmustntCshouldnt Dwont9 2010省市二模25The voice on the phone was exactly as she_ it would sound，just like her mothers A. dreamed B. had dreamed C. would dream D. was dreamed10 2010省威海市二模33. If we _ the tickets half a year ago, we would not be able to visit it on May Day now. A. did not bo

14、okB. had not bookedC. would not bookD. would not have booked11 2010省市一中二模21. “Sorry, I got up late this morning. I _ have set the alarm clock before I went to bed last night. A. might B. should C. must D. would12 2010省市二模25Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here the heav

15、y snow.Aneednt have driven; throughBcant have driven; acrossCmustnt have driven; throughDshouldnt have driven; cross132010省XX外国语学校二模34He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he a goal Ahad scored Bwould score Cwould have scored Dwould be scoring14. We_ here at lunch time; we were

16、 delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should beC. must have been D. would have been15. Why _you be talking so loudly while others are studying?I am terribly sorry. A. shall B. must C. will D. may16. George had to give a speech in front of 5, 000 people. Whew! Thats a big audience. He _nerv

17、ous. He was, but nobody could tell. A. should have been B. might beC. must have been D. could be17. You didnt come to the party yesterday. _?Im not a party animal. A. How can I have B. How would I haveC. Why should I have D. Why must I have18. It is required in some colleges that lights in students

18、dorms _off by 11 oclock. A. be switched B. would switchC. should switch D. must be switched19. The young man has made so much noise that he _not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. should D. need20. After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that other

19、wise_. A. had been overlookedB. would have been overlookedC. were overlookedD. would be overlooked21. The winner of the race is a tall and thin boy with thick glasses. Then it _be my friend, Mike, who looks like a “meat ball. A. might B. cant C. mustnt D. should22. It _Mary in the office. Im sure it

20、 _her. I saw her off at the bus station just ten minutes ago. A. must be; shouldnt be B. should be; cant beC. must be; cant be D. cant be; mustnt be23. When shall we hold the meeting?It_ be better to put it off until next week. A. must B. could C. can D. will24. Its really a wonder that all the pass

21、engers on board_ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. A. must have been saved B. should have been savedC. would be saved D. might be saved25. Sorry indeed, I _to your birthday party if. . . Forget it. I know you were out on business. A. must come B. would comeC. mu

22、st have come D. would have come26. Its hard to believe that such a greedy man _donate so much to the Hope Project. A. may B. need C. can D. shall27. I find it astonishing that John _be so rude to me. Not astonishing at all. He is always rude to others. A. should B. must C. might D. ought to 28. Did

23、you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _a serious loss. A. would cause B. must have causedC. would have caused D. may cause29. How dangerous it was!Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl_. A. was drownedB. would have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned30. “If I _taking

24、 drugs, I would be a successful businessman now, said the dying heroin addict. A. didnt start B. havent startedC. hadnt started D. shouldnt start31. Amazing! You _wear slippers at work!Dont you know its a fashion?A. must B. should C. can D. may32. Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam,

25、or I _earlier. A. arrived B. had arrivedC. would arrive D. would have arrived33. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _I spell it for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might34. Dont cry over your lost friendship any more. It _be helped. A. mustnt B. needntC. shouldnt D. cant35. What does the sign over there read?

26、No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. must B. may C. shall D. will36. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?Yes, but we_. He didnt return home at all. A. dont have to B. neednt haveC. didnt need to D. should have37. The public transport in Beijing i

27、s very convenient now, so there _be any difficulty in travelling around the city. A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt38. After the bell rings, which indicates the ending of the exam, you _stay where you are until all your papers are collected. A. shall B. would C. will D. can答案1 C 2 D 3 D 4A 5

28、D 6D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 A13 C14.【解析】选D。would have done sth. 表示与已经发生的事实相反, 意思是“本来会但实际没有。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达, 但我们在机场被延误了。15.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：为什么在别人学习的时候, 你非得这么大声说话呢？很抱歉。由语境可知第一个说话者相当不满, 所以用must, 意思是“非要, 偏偏。16.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。句意：乔治不得不给5 000人作了演讲。哇！人真多。他当时一定有点紧。是的。但没人看得出来。这里表示对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测, 应该用must ha

29、ve done, 一定做过。should have done表示“过去本应该做却没做。17.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语气。“Why should I have是虚拟语气, 表示“为什么我就该参加呢？must have done不用于疑问句; How表方式, 不合语境, 排除A、B两项。18.【解析】选A。考察虚拟语气。在“It is suggested/required/ordered+that从句结构中, that从句中的谓语动词用(should)do的形式, 而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系, 所以要用被动语态。19.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。should not ha

30、ve done本不应该干; couldnt have done不可能干; neednt have done本来没必要干; must用在否认结构中表示“禁止。结合语境可知选C项。20.【解析】选B。考察虚拟语气。由句中的discovered及语境可推知此处是表示对过去发生事情的假设, 故此处要用would have done来表示。21.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：比赛的获胜者是一个又高又瘦的男孩儿, 他还戴着一副墨镜。那不可能是我的朋友迈克, 他看上去像个“肉球。cant 不可能; might可能; mustnt禁止; should应该。22.【解析】选C。考察情态动词表示推测。前一个

31、空格处是对现在事实的肯定推测, 意为“一定; 肯定。can用于否认句表示推测时意为“不可能。23.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。此处could表示可能性推测：说不定会。例如：It could be better to stay here. 说不定呆在这里比拟好。24.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。从题干中的a wonder可知这是一个奇迹, 因此选择B项。should have been saved表示“竟然获救了, 带有惊讶口吻, 符合题意。25.【解析】选D。考察虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟, if后面省略了过去完成时, 补充完整应该是if I had not been out on bus

32、iness。所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构。26.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。can表示惊异, 疑心, 不相信等语气。句意：很难相信一个如此贪婪的人会给希望工程捐这么多钱。27.【解析】选A。考察情态动词。这里用should表示说话人吃惊的语气, 意思是“竟然, 居然。must必须, 一定; might或许; ought to应该, 均不符合语境。28.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语气。but for. . . “要不是。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了, 要不是你的帮助, 我们的损失就大了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以C项正确。29.【

33、解析】选B。考察虚拟语气。句意为：真够危险的！是的, 要不是那个过路人动作快, 那个女孩早就被淹死了。根据句意此题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 应选B。30.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句, 从句是对过去事情的虚拟, 应用过去完成时, 主句指说话时可能产生的结果。31.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：真奇怪！你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗？should表示“竟然, 其他选项不能表示此意。32.【解析】选D。考察虚拟语气。答话人的言外之意显然是说假设没有遇到交通阻塞, 会来得更早一些。此句相当于“If I hadnt stuck in the traf

34、fic jam. I would have arrived earlier. 是对过去情况的虚拟。33.【解析】选A。考察情态动词的用法。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见, 符合题意。34.【解析】选D。考察情态动词。句意为：不要再为失去的友谊而哭泣, 这样没有什么帮助。It cant be helped为常用习语, 意为“没方法, “无法防止的等。35.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允许, 命令, 威胁等语气。句意为：在这个地方任何人不得吸烟或拿着点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。36.【解析】选B。句意为：昨天夜里你们没有等史密斯先生, 是吗？

35、我们等了, 但我们没必要。他根本就没回家。首先排除A项表现在或将来没必要做某事和D项过去应该做某事; C项只是强调过去没必要做某事, 并且也未做; B项表示“本不必做却做了某事, 所以选B。37.【解析】选D。考察情态动词。should作为情态动词, 可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜想、推论, 通常译为“可能, 应该。句意为：现在的公共交通非常便利, 所以在市区的观光不应该有什么困难。couldnt通常用来对过去发生的事情进展有把握的否认推测。38.【解析】选A。考察情态动词。句意为：当标志着考试完毕的铃响后, 你们必须等试卷全部收起来后才可离开座位。shall用于第二、三人称的述句, 表示说话

36、者的命令或指示。【真题在线】1.2010卷T10Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved22010卷T9Mark_have hurried. After driving at top speed ,he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt

37、3.2010卷T25 I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 4.2010卷T26Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy5.2010卷T32 Jack described h

38、is father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been 6.2010卷T 23. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can7.2010卷T

39、23May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt8.2010卷T 29Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt9.2010卷T3. I take

40、 the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 102010卷T29If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow11.2010卷T 23. I have told you the truth . I keep repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12. 2009 T 28He did not regret saying w

41、hat he did but felt that he_ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed13. 2009 T 13 I dont care what people think. Well, you_. A. could B. would C. should D. might14. 2009全国卷 T 25What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _be twelve. A.

42、 should B. would C. will D. shall15. 2009 T 15This printer is of good quality. If it _break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might16. 2009T 32Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She_ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. sh

43、ould have beenC. must be D. might have been17. 2009T 25One of the few things you _say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can18. 2009 T 29Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _just be quiet people

44、. A. must B. may C. should D. would19.2009T 34But for their help, we_ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished20. 2009T 35But for the help of my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B.

45、would not have wonC. would win D. would have won21. 2009T 29The traffic is heavy these days. I_ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. can B. must C. need D. might22. 2009T 16He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _?A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 23. 2009T 30It

46、s the office! So you _know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need24. 2009T 32You and I could hardly work together,_ ? A. could you B. couldnt IC. couldnt we D. could we25. 2009T 13The doctor recommended that you _swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldntC.

47、neednt D. shouldnt26. 2009全国卷T 20I cant leave. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may27. (2009T 27)It _have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should28. (2008全国卷T 17) Liza _well not want to go on the

48、 trip she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may29. 2008T 21John promised his doctor he_ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would30. 2008T 6 She _have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt31. 2008T 30I can

49、t find my purse anywhere. You _have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would32. 2008T 28You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would 33. 2008T 11You _be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!A.

50、wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt34. 2008T 26What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _better. A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done35. 2008T 35Im sorry. I _at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shou

51、ldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted36. 2008T 22Peter _be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must37. 2008T 9What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it _be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt

52、 C. cant D. wont38. 2008T 24It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would39. 2008T 10Although this _sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should40. 2008T 24Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed答案1.【解析】选A。考察虚拟语气用法。句意：“如果我知道这个电脑程序的话，就会节省大量的时间和精力了。本