新标准大学英语综合教程3课文原文Word版

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1、We all listen to music according to our separate capacities.But, for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to speak.In certain sense we all listen to music on three separate planes.For lack of a better terminology, one mig

2、ht name these: 1) the sensuous plane, 2) the expressive plane, 3) the sheerly musical plane.The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into these hypothetical planes is the clearer view to be had of the way in which we listen.The simplest way of listening to

3、 music is to listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself.That is the sensuous plane.It is the plane on which we hear music without thinking, without considering it in any way.One turns on the radio while doing something else andabsent-mindedly bathes in the sound.A kind of brainless bu

4、t attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.The surprising thing is that many people who consider themselves qualified music lovers abuse that plane in listening.They go to concerts in order to lose themselves.They use music as a consolation or an escape.They enter

5、 an ideal world where one doesnt have to think of the realities of everyday life.Of course they arent thinking about the music either.Music allows them to leave it, and they go off to a place to dream, dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quite listening to it.Yes, the sound appeal

6、 of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest.The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.The second plane on which music exists is what I have called the e

7、xpressive one.Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground.Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of musics expressive side.Did not Stravinsky himself proclaim that his music was an “object”, a “thing”, with a life of its own, and with no other meaning than its own purely mus

8、ical existence?This intransigent attitude of Stravinskys may be due to the fact that so many people have tried to read different meanings into so many pieces.Heaven knows it is difficult enough to say precisely what it is that a piece of music means, to say it definitely to say it finally so that ev

9、eryone is satisfied with your explanation.But that should not lead one to the other extreme of denying to music the right to be “expressive”.Listen, if you can,to the 48 fugue themes of Bachs Well-tempered Clavichore.Listen to each theme, one after another.You will soon realize that each theme mirro

10、rs a different world of feeling.You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction.Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one.You will be able, on other words, in your

11、own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme.Now study the sad one a little closer.Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness.Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?Let us suppose that you are fortunate and can describe to your own

12、 satisfaction in so many words the exact meaning of your chosen theme.There is still no guarantee that anyone else will be satisfied.Nor need they be.The important thing is that each one feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, similarly, an entire piece of music.And if it is

13、 a great work of art, dont expect it to mean exactly the same thing to you each time you return to it.The third plane on which music exists is the sheerly musical plane.Besides the pleasurable sound of music and the expressive feeling that it gives off, music does exist in terms of the notes themsel

14、ves and of their manipulation.Most listeners are not sufficiently conscious of this third plane.It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly musical plane.After all, an actual musical material is being used.The intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his

15、awareness of the musical material and what happens to it.He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, the harmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion.But above all he must, in order to follow the line of the composers thought, know something of the principles of musical form.Listening to all o

16、f these elements is listening to the sheerly musical plane.Let me repeat that I have split up mechanically the three separate planes on which we listen merely for the sake of greater clarity. Actually, we never listen on one or the other of these planes.What we do is to correlate themlistening in al

17、l three ways at the same time.It takes no mental effort, for we do it instinctivelyPerhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctive correlation clearer.In the theater, you are aware of the actors and actresses, costumes and sets, sounds and movements.Al

18、l these give one the sense that the theater is a pleasant place to be in.They constitute the sensuous plane in our theatrical reactions.The expressive plane in the theater would be derived from the feeling that you get from what is happening on the stage.You are moved to pity, excitement, or gaiety.

19、It is this general feeling, generated aside from the particular words being spoken, a certain emotional something which exists on the stage,that isanalogous to the expressive quality in music.The plot and plot development is equivalent to our sheerly musical plane.The playwright creates and develops

20、 a character in just the same way that a composer creates and develops a theme.According to the degree of your awareness of the way in which the artist in either field handles his material will you become a more intelligent listener.It is easy enough to see that the theatergoer never is conscious of

21、 any of these elements separately.He is aware of them all at the same time.The same is true of music listening.We simultaneously and without thinking listen on all three planes.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Itisnotsurprisingthatmodernchildrentendtolookblankanddispiritedwheninformedthattheywillsomedayha

22、veto“gotoworkandmakealiving”.TheproblemisthattheycannotvisualizewhatworkisincorporateAmerica.Notsolongago,whenaparentsaidhewasofftowork,thechildknewverywellwhatwasabouttohappen.Hisparentwasgoingtomakesomethingorfixsomething.Theparentcouldtakehisoffspringtohisplaceofbusinessandlethimwatchwhileherepai

23、redabuggyorbuiltatable.Whenachildasked,“Whatkindofworkdoyoudo,Daddy?”hisfathercouldanswerintermsthatachildcouldcometogripswith,suchas“Ifixsteamengines”or“Imakehorsecollars.Well,afewfathersstillfixsteamenginesandbuildtables,butmostdonot.Nowadays,mostfatherssitinglassbuildingsdoingthingsthatareabsolut

24、elyincomprehensibletochildren.Theanswerstheygivewhenasked,“Whatkindofworkdoyoudo,Daddy?”arelikelytobeutterlymystifyingtoachild.”Isellspace”Idomarketresearch.”,”Iamadataprocessor.”Iaminpublicrelations.”Iamasystemsanalyst”Suchexplanationsmustseemnonsensetoachild.Howcanhepossiblyenvisionanyoneanalyzing

25、asystemorresearchingamarket?Evengrownmenwhodomarketresearchhavetroublevisualizingwhatapublicrelationsmandoeswithhisday,anditisasafebetthattheaveragesystemsanalystisasbaffledaboutwhataspacesalesmandoesattheshopastheaveragespacesalesmanisaboutthetoolsneededtoanalyzeasystem.Inthecommoneverydayjob,nothi

26、ngismadeanymore.Thingsarenowmadebymachines.Verylittleisrepaired.Themachinesthatmakethingsmaketheminsuchafashionthattheywillquicklyfallapartinsuchawaythatrepairswillbeprohibitivelyexpensive.Thusthebuyerisencouragedtothrowthethingawayandbuyanewone.Ineffect,themachinesaremakingjunk.Thehandfulofpeoplere

27、motelyassociatedwiththesemachinescan,ofcourse,telltheirinquisitivechildren“Daddymakesjunk”.Mostoftheworkforce,however,istooremotefromjunkproductiontosenseanycontributiontotheindustry.Whatdothesepeopledo?Considerthetypical12-storyglassbuildinginthetypicalAmericancity.Nothingisbeingmadeinthisbuildinga

28、ndnothingisbeingrepaired,includingthebuildingitself.Constructedasapieceofjunk,thebuildingwillbediscardedwhenitwearsout,andanotherpieceofjunkwillbesetinitsplace.Still,thebuildingisfilledwithpeoplewhothinkofthemselvesasworking.Atanygivenmomentduringthedayperhapsone-thirdofthemwillbetalkingintotelephon

29、es.Mostoftheseconversationswillbeaboutpaper,forpaperiswhatoccupiesnearlyeveryoneinthisbuilding.Somejobsinthebuildingrequirementofillpaperwithwords.Therearepersonswhotypeneatlyonpaperandpersonswhoreadpaperandjotnotesinthemargins.Somepersonsmakecopiesofpaperandotherpersonsdeliverpaper.Therearepersonsw

30、hofilepaperandpersonswhounfilepaper.Somepersonsmailpaper.Somepersonstelephoneotherpersonsandaskthatpaperbesenttothem.Otherstelephonetoascertainthewhereaboutsofpaper.Somepersonsconferaboutpaper.Inthegrandestoffices,menapproveofsomepaperanddisapproveofotherpaper.Theelevatorsarefilledthroughoutthedaywi

31、thyoungmencarryingpaperfromfloortofloorandwithvitalmencarryingpapertobediscussedwithothervitalmen.Whatisachildtomakeofallthis?Hisfathermaybesoeminentthatheluncheswithothermenaboutpaper.Supposehebringshissontoworktogivetheboysomeideaofwhatworkisall about.Whatdoestheboyseehappening?Hisfathercallsforpa

32、per.Hereadspaper.Perhapshescowlsatpaper.Perhapshemakesanangryredmarkonpaper.Hetelephonesanothermanandsaystheyhadbetterlunchoverpaper.Atlunchtheytalkaboutpaper.Backattheoffice,thefatherordersthepaperretypedandreproducedinquintuplicate,andthensenttoanothermanforcomparisonwithpaperthatwasreproducedintr

33、iplicatelastyear. Imaginehispoorsonafterwardsmullingoverthemysteriesofworkwithafriend,whoaskshim,”Whatsyourfatherdo?”Whatcantheboyreply?“Itbeatsme,”perhaps,ifheisnotveryobservant.Orifheis,“Somethingthathastodowithmakingjunk,Ithink.Sameaseverybodyelse.”整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式It was snowing heavil

34、y, and although every true New Yorker looks forward to a white Christmas, the shoppers on Fifth Avenue were in a hurry, not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bitter cold and get home with their families for Christmas Eve.Josh Lester turned into 46th Street. He was not ye

35、t enjoying the Christmas spirit, because he was still at work, albeit a working dinner at Joannes. Josh was black, in his early thirties, and an agreeable-looking person, dressed smartly but not expensively. He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia, and was probably happiest back home i

36、n his parents house. But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC with a congressman, a junior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to think on his feet. Josh was very smart.The appointment meant Josh wouldnt get home until

37、after Christmas. He was not, however, unhappy. He was meeting Jo Rogers, the senior senator for Connecticut, and one of the best-known faces in the US. Senator Rogers was a Democrat in her third term of office, who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had nevertheless managed to keep her credibility

38、 with her voters as a Washington outsider. She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, as fine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. Talk show hosts called her Honest Senator Jo, and a couple of years ago, Time magazine ha

39、d her in the running for Woman of the Year. It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democratic nomination. Rogers had met Josh in DC, thought him highly competent, and had invited him to dinner.Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of p

40、aper in his hand. Hed never been to Joannes, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: politician

41、s, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.Josh told him, and although the waiter refrained from curling his lip, he managed to show both disdain and effortless superiority

42、with a simple flaring of his nostrils.“Yes, Senator, please come this way,” and as Senator Rogers passed through the crowded room, heads turned as the diners recognized her and greeted her with silent applause. In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. Alb

43、erto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague.After two hours, Rogers and Josh got up to leave. There was a further flurry of attention by the staff, including an offer by Alberto to waive payment of the bill, which Rogers refused. As they were putting on their coats, Rogers said, “Th

44、ank you, Alberto. Oh, have I introduced you to my companion, Josh Lester?”A look of panic, followed by one of desperate optimism flashed across Albertos face. “Ah, not yet, no, . not properly, ” he said weakly. “Josh Lester. This is the latest recruit to my election campaign. Hes going to be my new

45、deputy campaign manager, in charge of raising donations. And if we get that Republican out of the White House next year, youve just met my Chief of Staff.”整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式It came as if from nowhere.There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators on the 35th floor of the

46、 north tower of the World Trade Center. We were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion. Some guys were sweating like pigs. Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. Quite a few were breathing heavily. Others were raring to go. All of us were taking a b

47、eat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell was going on. Wed been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere close to done. Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadnt made a dent.And then the noise started, an

48、d the building began to tremble, and we all froze. Dead solid still. Whatever there had been left to do would now have to wait. For what, we had no idea, but it would wait. Or, it wouldnt, but that wasnt the point. The point was that no one was moving. To a man, no one moved, except to lift his eyes

49、 to the ceiling, to see where the racket was coming from. As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. No one spoke. There wasnt time to turn thought into words, even though there was time to think. For me anyway, there was time to think, too much time to think, and my thou

50、ghts were all over the place. Every possible worst-case scenario, and a few more besides. The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk, but it was the rumble that struck me still with fear. The sheer volume of it. The way it coursed right through me

51、. I couldnt think what the hell would make a noise like that. Like a thousand runaway trains speeding towards me. Like a herd of wild beasts. Like the thunder of a rockslide. Hard to put it into words, but whatever the hell it was it was gaining speed, and gathering force, and getting closer, and I

52、was stuck in the middle, unable to get out of its path.Its amazing, the kind of thing you think about when there should be no time to think. I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-before-my-eyes sort of way. I thought about the job, how close I

53、was to making deputy. I thought about the bagels I had left on the kitchen counter back at the firehouse. I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, Ill see you at the big one. Or, Well all meet at the big one. I never knew how it started, or when Id picked up on it myself, but it wa

54、s part of our shorthand.Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, therell be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. Well make it through this one, and well make it through that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or he

55、ar these words again, because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about, all our lives, and if I hadnt known this before just before these chilling moments this sick, black noise now confirmed it.I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking m

56、aybe if I understood what was happening I could steel myself against it. All of these thoughts were landing in my brain in a kind of flashpoint, one on top of the other and all at once, but there they were. And each thought landed fully formed, as if there might be time to act on each, when in truth

57、 there was no time at all. Richard Picciotto (also known as Pitch) was in the north tower of the World Trade Center when it collapsed in the aftermath of the massive terrorist attack on 11 September 2001. A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster wit

58、hin minutes of the attack, to lead seven companies of firefighters into the tower to help people trapped and to extinguish fires blazing everywhere. The north tower was the first of the twin towers to be hit. It was followed 17 minutes later by the south tower. The south tower, however, was the firs

59、t to collapse, at 9:59 am. At that moment, Picciotto was in the north tower, racing upwards by the stairs because the elevators were out of action. He then gave the order to evacuate. On the 12th story he came across 50 people amid the debris, too badly hurt or frightened to move. Picciotto and his

60、men helped them down. When he reached the seventh floor, the tower fell, and he was buried beneath thousands of tons of rubble. He eventually came round four hours later, leading his men to safety.Picciotto was the highest ranking firefighter to survive the attack. The chief of the department, the f

61、irst deputy and the chief of rescue operations had all been killed. Altogether the death toll included 343 firefighters and more than 3,000 civilians.整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式整理为word格式Toast always lands butter side down. It always rains on bank holidays. You never win the lottery, but other people

62、 you know seem to . Do you ever get the impression that you were born unlucky? Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time. We all like to believe that Murphys Law is true。Part of the explanation for bad luck is mathematical, but part is psychological. Indeed there is a very close connection between peoples perception of bad luck and interesting coincidences.For example, take the belief that “bad things a