托福听力学科词汇

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1、TOEFL听力学科词汇(based on TPO)I. Art31.1 Arts31.2 Literature101.3 Architecture12II. Physical Science132.1 Geology 地质学132.2 Astronomy 天文学182.3 Physics 物理学232.4 Chemistry 化学28III. Life Science333.1 Zoology 动物学333.2 Animal Behavior 动物行为393.3 Physiology 生理生化423.4 Botany 植物学453.5 Speciology 物种学503.6 Ecology 生

2、态学51IV. Social Science544.1 Archaeology 考古学544.2 Business 经济商学564.3 History 历史604.4 Psychology 心理学614.5 Anthropology 人类学644.6 Sociology 社会学644.7 Philosophy 哲学644.8 Politics 政治65I. Art1.1 Artsstyle stail n. 风格 【频】6【例】 TPO 1 L1 Shes got a very unusual style, compared t some of the artists weve looked

3、at this term.technique teknik n. 手法，技术 【频】6【例】TPO 19 L4 And this is something, a technique that you will find in both of their work.gallery glri n. 画廊 【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write

4、about it. painter pent n. 画家 【频】5【例】TPO 34 L1 Last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.【衍】Painting n. 绘画， Paint v. 绘画artist artist n. 艺术家 【频】5【例】TPO 1 L1 The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.play plei n. 剧本 【频】5【例

5、】TPO 7 L1 In fact, some of the playwrights would start by writing the end of the play.romantic romantik a. 浪漫的 【频】4 【例】TPO 27 L4 Well Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.【衍】Romance n. 浪漫史、冒险故事 ，Romanticist n. 浪漫主义者， Romanticism n. 浪漫主义theater t n. 戏院【频】4【例】TPO 12 L3 They c

6、arried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.portrait prtrt n. 肖像 【频】3 【例】TPO 1 L1 Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work.【衍】Portraiture n. 肖像画， Portraitist n. 肖像画家， Portra

7、y v. 描绘genre anr n. 类型 【频】3【例】TPO 30 L4 I think its fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rockn roll genre.scene si:n n. 景象 【频】3 【例】 TPO 1 L1 A lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially la

8、ndscapes.【衍】Scenery n. 舞台布景，风景recital risaitl n. 独奏会 【频】3 【例】TPO 24 L2 By age fourteen, she was teaching her free dance to young children and giving recitals.【衍】Recitative a. 吟诵的depict dipikt v. 描画 【频】3 【例】TPO 1 L1 It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked.【衍】Depiction n. 描画classical k

9、lsikl a. 古典的【频】3【例】TPO 16 L4 As piano became more available, they brought classical music, the music which previously had been composed only for the upper classes. patron petrn n. 赞助人，主顾【频】2 【例】 TPO 16 L4 Well, I dont have to spell it out for you, the likes and dislikes of the patron, this wouldve h

10、ad an effect on what was being composed and performed.【衍】Patronage n. 赞助brushstroke brustrok n. 绘画技巧 【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes.ballet blei n. 芭蕾 【频】2 【例】TPO 24 L2 As I said, in classical ballet, emotions are conveyed through

11、a set of strictly formalized movements.【衍】Ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员composer kmpoz n. 作曲家【频】2 【例】TPO 16 L4 There were many other influences on composers.【衍】Compose v. 作曲texture tekst n. 质地，纹理 【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.charcoal takol n. 木炭，炭笔 【频】2【例】TPO 3 L3 Theres charcoal marks f

12、rom their torches on the cave walls clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made.parchment partment n. 羊皮纸 【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.manu

13、script mnjuskript n. 手稿，原稿 【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 Before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manuscripts were hand-made. realism rilizm n. 现实主义 【频】2 【例】TPO 1 L1 Youve probably studied both of these movements separately, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history co

14、urses.【衍】Realistic a. 现实主义的， Realist n. 现实主义者impressionism mprenzm n. 印象主义 【频】1 【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionism started in the late 19th century.【衍】Impressionist n. 印象主义者exhibit igzibit n. 展示会 【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up.canvas knvsn. 帆布 【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The tex

15、ture of the canvas was rough.bleak blik a. 阴冷的，黯淡的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm.blurry blr a. 模糊的 【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 You can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines.expressive ikspresiv a. 表现的 【频】1 【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, for me,

16、 it is her face and hands, I think they are really expressive.【衍】Expression n. 表现、表达，Expressionist n. 表现主义艺术家 contemplative kntempltv a. 沉思的 【频】1 【例】TPO 19 L4 They make the woman seem very contemplative, seems like she is thinking pretty seriously about something. 【衍】Contemplate v. 沉思，Contemplation

17、n. 沉思 contrasting colors 对比色 【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 What strikes me is the contrasting colors, the white dress and the dark background.vague veig a. 模糊的 【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, the background behind the woman is pretty vague. conventional knvnnl a. 常见的，传统的 【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Now, the undefined background als

18、o shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed, like Beaux in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter. bold color 亮色 【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 First, Neels use of bold color.critic kritik n. 批评家，评论家 【频】1 【例】TPO 21 L4 Some critics had declared

19、the genre of portraiture to be dead.【衍】Critical a. 批评的，Criticize v. 批评，Criticism n. 批评abstract art 抽象派艺术 【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 But keep in mind that she was doing this when abstract art dominated the art scene.fashionable fnbl a. 流行的，时髦的 【频】1 【例】TPO 21 L4 Representations of people werent fashionable in t

20、he art world.【衍】Fashion n. 时尚Primary color 原色 【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 As you probably know, primary colors are, theoretically speaking, the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.Secondary color 次生色 【频】1【例】 TPO 27 L4 But as youll find out when you start working on your painting projects, the

21、three primary colors-red, blue, yellow-dont always make the best secondary colors.Prism przm n. 棱镜【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.chromatics krmtiks n. 色彩学 【频】1 【例】TPO 27 L4 Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marve

22、l at his findings. 【衍】Chromatic a. 彩色的symbolize simblaiz v. 作为.象征 【频】1 【例】TPO 27 L4 His ideas about what colors symbolize, about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red, yellow and blue.【衍】Symbol n. 象征、符号，Symbolic a. 象征的，Symbolism n. 象征主义、记号 Film-maker 电影制作人【频】1【例】TPO

23、 3 L2 And in that context, today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.clip klip n. （影片）剪辑 【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music. documentary dkjmntri n. 纪录片 【频】1 【例】TPO 3 L2 He set

24、the standard really for the nature documentary.【衍】Documentarist n. 纪录片制片人primitive primitiv a. 原始的 【频】1【例】TPO 3 L3 I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive.masterpiece mstpis n. 杰作 【频】1【例】TPO 3 L3 They are masterpieces.Studio studio n. 画室，工作室， 电影（音乐）制片厂 【频】1【例】 TPO 8 L2

25、 The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model.Salon sln n. 画廊，美术展览馆 【频】1【例】TPO 8 L2 You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying youve been a success in the Paris.scribe skraib n. 抄写员，作家 【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So it

26、 wasnt uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manuscripts.Palimpsest plim(p)sest n. 重写本 【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Papyrus scrolls 古本手卷 【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the origin

27、al papyrus scrolls disappeared. preserve prz:v v. 保存 【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved.stained glass 彩色玻璃 【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Stained glass of course is simply glass that has been colored and cut into pieces and re-assembled to form a picture or a dec

28、orative design.Metallic compound 金属化合物【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 You got specific colors by adding metallic compounds to the other glass making ingredients.Paleolithic ,pliuliik a. 旧石器时代的【频】1 【例】TPO 17 L1 Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughly defining as the period from 3

29、5000 to 8000 B.C.【衍】Neolithic a. 新石器时代的Stratigraphy strtgrfi n. 地层学【频】1 【例】TPO 17 L1 Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art.【衍】Stratum n. 地层，Stratification n. 层理Radiocarbon ,redkb()n n. 放射性碳 【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of ra

30、diocarbon left in the organic stuff.Prehistoric art 史前艺术【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art.artifact :tfktn. 手工艺品【频】1【例】 TPO 17 L1 Dont get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric artifacts can help dating them.sculpture sklpt n. 雕

31、塑 【频】2【例】TPO 17 L1 And now you can see why we dont have an exact date for our sculpture “the lady with the hood”. statue sttu: n. 雕塑【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2 They began making copies of the Greek statues.plaster cast 石膏模型【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2 What they did was they made plaster casts from molds of the sculptures.

32、Opera pr n. 歌剧，歌剧院【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 The word opera means work, actually it means works.Renaissance rnsns n. 文艺复兴【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissances time. scularization ,skjlrzen n. 世俗化【频】1 【例】 TPO 12 L3 During those years, several things happened-primari

33、ly linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization. 【衍】 Secularize v. 还俗melodrama mldrm n. 情节剧，音乐剧【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater, the term melodious drama being shortened eventually to melodrama.cadence ked()ns n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 And the music was

34、secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language.Chivalry vlri n. 骑士精神，骑士制度 【频】1Epic epik a. 史诗的【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots, the novels of chivalry or the epics of chivalry out of the middle ages.Broadway brdwe n. 百老汇 【频】1【例】TPO

35、12 L3 But Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while. Baroque brok n. 巴洛克式的艺术【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Up until now in our discussions and readings about the Baroque early classical periods, weve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres.harpsichord ha:psikd n

36、. 大键琴【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Unlike the harpsichord which came before it, the piano is a percussion instrument. clarinet klrinet n. 单簧管【频】1Transverse flute 长笛【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Weve seen in the development of some of the instruments, you remember the transverse flute, the clarinet and so on.percussion pkn n.

37、 打击乐器【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 This striking action is why the piano is a percussion instrument instead of a string instrument.virtuoso ,vtuoso n. 艺术大师【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Clara grew up to become a well-known and respected piano virtuoso.accompaniment kmpnmntn. 伴奏【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Even the very first public proje

38、ction of a movie had piano accompaniment. compilation ,kamplein n. 编辑 【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Usually a compilation of a music that already existed would be used.violin ,vailin n. 小提琴【频】3 【例】TPO 27 L2 But its generally thought that the acoustical quality of modern violins doesnt live up to the quality of t

39、he vintage ones.【衍】Violinist n. 小提琴家craftsmanship krftsmnip n. 技艺，技术【频】1【例】TPO 27 L2 Their dimensions, shape, their fingerboard height, and general craftsmanship.Nationalism nnlzmn. 国家主义，民族主义 【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers musi

40、c.lyrical lirikl a. 抒情诗调的 【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 These music pieces were long and lyrical.ethnomusicologist enomjuzikldist n. 人种音乐学家 【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 He was an ethnomusicologist, and he studied the traditional music of the region.glissando glisando n. 滑奏，滑音 【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 He liked to use glissando as hi

41、s hallmark.electric guitar 电吉他 【频】1【例】 TPO 30 L4 Each design was intended to alter the sound in some way, at first at least with the electric guitar, to make it louder.steel guitar 夏威夷吉他 【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 That led to the lap guitar which is also called the steel guitar.enamor inm v. 迷恋，倾心【频】1【例】TPO 3

42、0 L4 US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii were very enamored with the music they heard there.fresco fresku n. 壁画【频】1【例】 TPO 26 L4 So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescoes and early oil paintings. labyrinth lbrin n. 迷宫 【频】1【例】TPO

43、33 L4 Mazes or labyrinths, as they are also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens.Screen dance 屏幕上的舞蹈 【频】1【例】TPO 23 L4 Screen dance which is relatively new, isnt for everyone.choreography ,krgrfi n. 编舞 【频】1 【例】TPO 23 L4 The question we have to ask is, whats the difference between choreogra

44、phy for a live performance and choreography for onscreen viewing?【衍】Choreograph v. 设计舞蹈动作Modern dance 现代舞 【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 I think the best analogy to modern dance is modern art or modern music.tunic tju:nik a. 束腰外衣 【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she dance bare foot.pantomim

45、e pntmaim n. 哑剧 【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Some said Duncans art form was closer to pantomime than to dance. acrobatic krbtik a. 杂技的 【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics, complicated and excruciating mechanism she called it.1.2 LiteratureLiterature lt()r

46、t n. 文学 【频】5【例】TPO 4 L2 Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant.poem pum n. 诗 【频】5【例】TPO 13 L3 I thought poems were shorter, these were more like long stories.【衍】 Poetry n. 诗歌艺术，Poet n. 诗人novel nvl n. 小说 【频】2 【例】TPO 27 L4 He wrote many famous novels, plays, poems.【衍】Novelist n. 小说家f

47、iction fknn. 小说 【频】2 【例】TPO 3 L2 In fact, Painleve was known for saying that science is fiction.【衍】Fictional a. 虚构的、小说的Fairy tale 童话故事【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 With fairy tales, the location is generally unspecified.character krkt n. 角色【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 But all the other elements, like the location or character

48、s, might be modified for each audience.plot pltn. 情节 【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 Not the plot, the details of what happens in the story would remain constant.Drama drm n. 戏剧 【频】2 【例】TPO 7 L1 We first need to look at an early form of drama known as the well-made play, beginning with some early 19th century comed

49、ies in France proved very successful commercially.【衍】Comedy n. 喜剧Folk tale 民间故事【频】2【例】TPO 5 L4 They seem to be less realistic than folk tales.version v()nn. 版本【频】1【例】 TPO 5 L4 Every storyteller might have had a slightly different version of the same folk tale.essay esei n. 散文【频】1【例】TPO 4 L2 You will

50、 be reading one of Emersons best-known essays.sketch sket n. 素描，梗概【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 While writing character sketches, do think about details.stereotype steritaip n. 刻板印象【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Dont make your character into a stereotype.cliche kli:ei n. 陈词滥调【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Be careful not to make him into the c

51、liche of the ragged mountain dweller.Medieval ,midivl a. 中世纪的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 The two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times.rhythm rim n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Its written to make the audience have some kinds of predictable rhythm.Heroic deeds 英雄事迹【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Th

52、ey were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors. nobility noblti n. 贵族【频】1【例】TPO13 L3 They were written for the knights and the nobility that they served.minstrel mnstrl n. 吟游诗人 【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 The poems were songs performed by a minstrel, singer who traveled from castle to cast

53、le.patriotic peitritik a. 爱国的【频】1 【例】TPO 13 L3 Hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic. 【衍】Patriot n. 爱国者 Patriotism n. 爱国主义troubadour trubdr n. 行吟诗人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Many troubadour were able to make a living being full time poets.biographical ,baigrfikl a. 传记的【频】1 【例】TPO 13 L3 They

54、 often had small biographical sketches added to their poems.【衍】Biography n. 传记，Autobiography n. 自传Folk legend 民间传说 【频】1【例】TPO 20 L3 Like folk legends, they have been passed down orally.playwright pleirait n. 剧作家【频】1【例】 TPO 7 L1 This became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in e

55、very play.denouement deinuma n. 结局【频】1【例】TPO 7 L1 But the denouement offers the audience a logical conclusion.1.3 Architecture Acoustics kstkn. 声学，音质【频】3【例 TPO 29 L2 It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that architectural acoustics became a scientific field.downtown dauntaun n. 市中

56、心【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 In general, downtown areas just dont have that many residential areas, not that many people live there.pedestrian pdstrn n. 行人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 These pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the city.proximity prksmti n. 邻近，接近【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 Proximity to poten

57、tial customers, well call a customer base.auditorium ,ditrim n. 礼堂，会堂【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Now people have been concerned about how sound carries in auditoriums and theaters for at least 2000 years.reverberation r,vbrenn. 回响 【频】1 【例】TPO 29 L2 Wallace Sabine started to do extensive studies on reverberatio

58、n.【衍】Reverberate v. 回响symphony smfni n. 交响乐 【频】1orchestra rkstr n. 管弦乐对【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 I read that concert halls designed for symphony orchestras have too much echo for jazz music. rectangular rktgjl a. 矩形的【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Lets say you design a rectangular box-like space with bare walls and ceiling

59、.chandelier ,ndl n. 枝形吊灯【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Beautiful crystal Chandeliers are very good at diffusing sound.hexagonal hksgnl a. 六边形的【频】1【例】TPO 32 L4 The rooms inside the house were also hexagonal six-sided. II. Physical Science2.1 Geology 地质学range rend n. 范围；幅度；山脉【频】43【例】TPO1 L2 Most of us thought the s

60、and had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. Thats been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time. cave kev n. 洞穴，窑洞【频】38【例】TPO16 L1 Now there are some pretty interesting caves in parts of the western United States, especially in nation

61、al parks. There is one part that has over a hundred caves, including some of the largest ones in the world. ore r n. 矿；矿石【频】32【例】TPO32 L3 It wasnt the mining itself that caused such massive destruction. It was what happened after the copper ore was extracted from the mines.coral krl n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫【频】31【例】TPO27 L1 we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs, which of