翻译疑点动与静

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1、最新资料推荐-翻译疑点-动与静-翻译疑点-动与静在翻译全过程中，译者不仅要处理好难点问题，还应注意处理好英汉两种语言转换时的一些突出疑点问题。它们既包括描述角度的问题，又涉及到组词成句的特征。具体说来，这些疑点问题有动与静、概略化与具体化、 有灵动词与无灵动词以及形合法与意合法。一、动与静 英汉两种语言在表述某一动作概念时均有一 个共同的特点：即既可选择静态的表述方式，也可选择动态的表述方式。前者在英语中多以（be） +名词/形容词/副词/介词短语句式 为主，在汉语中多以是+名词/形容词句式为主；后者则是指动作动 词/动态动词+其他句子成分这类句式，在英汉两种语言中均十分常 见。英语由于其词法

2、和句法体系有别于汉语（如英语中名词、介词占优势），所以在选择表述动作意义的方式时常常是静态表述方式 多于动态表述方式。这种以静表动的方式使英语行文显得更为精练和多样化。而汉语却因有多用动词的固有习惯（汉语中常常出现大量兼动式 和连动式的说法） ，所以重动能描写，在选择表述动作意义的方 式时常常是动态表述方式多于静态表述方式。这一差别在翻译时必须妥善处理，而常用的方式有两种:（一）化静为动 化静为动是指把原文的静态句式转换为动态句式，强化原文的动态色彩， 使译文符合汉语的行文习惯,白流畅。英语中的静态表述方式有无动词句,例如:(1)Now for the discussi on.现在进行讨论(2

3、)This way, please!请走这边!(3)So far so good.到目前为止进展不错。be+动词的同源名词句式：(1)Sheis a good teacher.她教书教得好板。(2)(3)(4)He is a lover of pop music.He is the murderer of his boss.他喜欢流行音乐。他谋杀了老He has bee n the ruler of the regi on for as longas twenty years.他统治那个地区长达 20年之久。(5) Mary is a good lear ner .玛莉善于学习。(6) He

4、was a good listener and they would like to talkwith him.他能倾听别人的意见，因此他们喜欢同他谈心。(7) Peter is a bad sailor.彼得晕船。(8) Cardiovascular disease is America n nu mber onekiller.在美国， 死于心血管疾病的人高居榜首。最新资料推荐我也常常有点胡思乱想。be+非动词同源名词句式：（1） My party was a quite affair.我的欢送会开得 很平静。（2）There was no loud sound. Nothi ng asse

5、rted itssize in a brutal tumult of wi nd and thu nder.四周听不见什么闹声。没有任何东西以风啸雷鸣般的喧嚣显示其威力。（3）Excessive headli ne phrase condemn atio n is, of course, a possibility. 当然，指责过分使用标题式短语是可能 的。（4）It was only my capacity for hard work that savedmefrom early dismissal.要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了 。（5）They were all eyes as the

6、prese nts were ope ned.礼品打开时，他们全神贯注地看着。be+动词的同源形容词句式：（1） This program was notpopular with all of the troops.并不是所有军队的人都喜欢这个计划。（2）He is content with such kind of life.他满足于这样的生活。（3） Joh n is quite familiar with the machi ne.约 翰十分熟悉这台机器的性能。（4）An acquaintance with the modern Chinese history is helpful to

7、 the study of Chin ese revoluti on.了解一下中国近代史， 对研究中国革命是有帮助的。be+非动词同源形容词句式：（1）He was an able and a successful one.他为人能干，事业成功。（2） His ill health has bee n a very an xious bus in ess. 他身体不好令人十分担忧。（3）I am quite ignorant of what they intend to do.我的确不知道他们打算干什么。（4）You shouldn t be sensitive about one sclot

8、hi ng.你不要太注重衣着了。be+副词句式：（1） We must be off now. 我们得走了 。（2） The performa nee is on.演出已经开始了 。（3） Their experime nt has bee n over.他们的实验已 经结束了。（4）I saw you out with a boy yesterday.昨天我看见你和一个男孩上街了。be+介词短语句式：（1）Because of bad gover nment, the compa ny was inthe red.由于管理不善，公司出现亏损。（2）The factory is un der

9、con structi on.工厂正在建造中。（二）化动为静化动为静就是把原文中的动态句式转换为静态句式。英语虽然喜欢选用静态句式，但选用动态句式来叙述静态的意义也是常有的事。这些动态句式极富修辞效果，常见于景物描写。英语有些动态句式译成静态句式往往比译成动态句式要好。例如：（1）To the south of the city lies a river.城南有一条河。（2） In front of me stood the esse ntial tools of thein tellige nee o fficer s trade -a desk, two teleph on es, one

10、 scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large gree n metal safe with an oversized comb in ati on lock on the front. 眼 前是干情报官这一行的基本用具一一张写字台，两部电话， 一部装有外线保密器，一侧立着一个大型的绿色金属保险柜，柜正面装有特大号的号码锁。（3） Here, in the endless paper chase which began so clearly but ended in mymystery, lay the threads of my c

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12、g sands and backdrop of pine woodsand dista nt hills give it a pleasa nt and restful atmosphere.这 儿沙滩闪烁， 松林掩映， 远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。(4) She knows what s what.她很有鉴别力。(5) They thought differe ntly.他们想法不同。(6) It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity ofstructure.它的主要特点是结构简单。(7) The room is well furnish

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