上海牛津初中英语讲义形容词副词

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1、精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号 09sh10yy000028 学员编号：mkt12673 年 级：七年级 课时数：3学员姓名：霍达 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：崔鑫 学科组长签名及日期教务长签名及日期卢珞2009-8-14课 题形容词和副词授课时间：2008-8-16 10：10-12：10备课时间：2008-8-13教学目标掌握形容词和副词的用法及其比较级最高级的使用重点、难点形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法考点及考试要求中考必考的形容词、副词比较级和最高级的应用教学内容一、 形容词在句中的作用形容词用于描绘人或事物的特征，在句中多用作定语，修饰名词或代词，或用作表语。1） 用作定语： H

2、e lives a happy life. 他过着幸福的生活。 I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。2） 用作表语：The flower is very beautiful. 这花很美丽。The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。注意：形容词除放在be后作表语外，也可以放在其他一些特殊的系动词后面构成系表结构。如：She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。These cakes taste nice. 这些蛋糕味道很好。Its getting cold. 天气渐渐转冷。Im not feeling well today. 我今天感觉不舒

3、服。 （well用作形容词作表语只能表示身体好）二、 须放在被修饰语之后的形容词形容词作定语，一般放在名词的前面。但如果被修饰语是由some, any, every和no构成的不定代词时，用作定语的形容词必须放在它所修饰的词后面。如： There is nothing new in his report. 他的报告里没有什么新东西。 Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情吗？ There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错。注意：英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语，如以a-开头的形容词，afraid, aslee

4、p, alone; 另外，ill, glad, sorry, sure, well也不能放在名词前作定语。注意：sick(患病) 与ill不同，sick 既可以作表语，也可以作定语，而ill则不能， 试比较：These children are ill / sick. 这些孩子病了。The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在照料患病的孩子们。 （不能用ill）三、 副词在句中的作用1） 作状语（表示时间、地点、方式、程度等）： He studies English hard. 他努力学习英语。 （表示方式） He gets up ea

5、rly. 他起得早。 （表示时间） We work here. 我们在这里工作。 (表示地点) Your answer is quite right. 你的答案完全正确。 （表示程度）2） 作表语：Class is over. 下课了。Is Tom out? 汤姆出去了吗？The train is off. 火车开走了。3） 作定语（大都是些表示地点的副词，放在被修饰语之后）：The students here / there all knew it. 这里/ 那儿的学生都知道这件事。I saw him on my way home. 我在回家的路上见到了他。 （home用作副词）四、 形容词

6、转换成副词的几条规则1） 形容词加lycareful-carefully 仔细的-仔细地quiet-quietly 安静的-安静地slow-slowly 慢的-慢地quick-quickly 快的-快地real-really 真正的-真正地warm-warmly 温暖的-温暖地2） 变y为i 加lybusy-busily 忙的-忙碌地easy-easily 容易的-容易地happy-happily 快乐的-快乐地heavy-heavily 重的-重地angry-angrily 生气的-生气地3） ble改为blyterrible-terribly 可怕的-可怕地 horrible-horrib

7、ly 可怕地-可怕地五、 同形的副词和形容词fast train 快车run fast 跑得快right answer 正确的答案do everything right 样样事情做得好hard workers 干活卖力的工人work hard 干活卖力，工作努力enough food 足够的食物large enough 足够大六、 具有两种形式的副词英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。The station is quite near. 车站就在附近。 （near用作形容词）He lives near. 他就住在附近。 （near用作副词）Its nearly nine oclock. 将

8、近9点钟了。 （nearly用作副词，但其含义是：将近、几乎）The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬。 （形容词）The test is hard. 测验太难。 （形容词）He is a hard worker. 他说一个工作卖力的工人。 （形容词）We all work hard. 我们都努力工作。 （副词）I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思。 （hardly 意为：几乎不）There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空中几乎没有云彩。 （几乎不） Hell be a few minutes late. 他会晚到

9、几分钟。 （late用作形容词） He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很迟才睡觉。 （late用作副词） Have you seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗？ （lately意为：最近）七、 名词ly构成形容词英语中，以-ly结尾的词并非都是副词，如ugly(难看的，可怕的) 本身就是形容词，但如果是名词加ly，则构成形容词。 如：friend 朋友-friendly 友好的He is friendly. 他很友好。love 爱-lovely 可爱的She is a lovely girl. 她是一个可爱的女孩。八、 形容词、副词的比较级和最

10、高级的构成1） 规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er 或 est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加 er或 est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most

11、slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful2） 不规则变化3） 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.九、 形容词，副词等级的用法1） 同级比较1. 只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，tooHe is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2. 原级常用的句型结构(1) asas 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形，表示“和一样”或“是的几倍” Tom is as old a

12、s Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike. 汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2) not so /as as （so用以代替第一个as时，只能用于否定句），表示“不如.”或“不想那样”This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。2）不同程度比较的要

13、点1. 可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，表示“的多”；a little，a bit，表示“一点儿”；even甚至，still仍然。但比较级前不能再用more。 Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still / far /much more carefully than her husba

14、nd.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2. 比较级常用的句型结构(1) (倍数)比较级than，表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。 I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2 ) 表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内。例

15、如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。He studies harder tha

16、n any other student in the class. 他比班上其他同学用功。He studies harder than anyone else in the class. He studies harder than all the other students in the class.注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。（因为长江不是日本的，所以它要比日本境内的任何一条河都长，这里就不用加other）， 又如：The moon is closer to us than an

17、y star / stars. 月亮距离我们比任何恒星都近。（月亮不是恒星，因此用any star / stars 并没有把主语包括在比较对象的范围之内）China is larger than any countries in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何国家大。（中国是亚洲国家之一，因而不能用any countries ） 注意：any other 加可数名词单数，all the other加可数名词复数。试比较：例如：Mike gets to school ear

18、lier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than (all) the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意：Mike gets to sch

19、ool earlier than any student in Toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3) 比较级of the two，表示 “甲是两者中较的”Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. 看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。（4）比较的对象要一致，一般来说同等的两个事物才能比较，如： Toms bike is more expensive than Jims.(Jims bike) 汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵。 The weather of Beijing

20、 is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海冷。 （than指代天气）His English is better than anyone elses in his class. 他的英语比班上其他人都好。（5）英语中往往用that /those 或 the / that one / the ones 代替上文提及的同等部分。但如果比较的事物是不可数名词，用that 不能the one / the ones / those。The water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river. 杯子里的水比河里的

21、水清。(water 为不可数名词，用that)I like these pictures better than those / the ones on the wall. 我喜欢这些画胜过墙上那些。（those, the ones 指代可数名词复数）The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat. 兔子的耳朵比猫长。（与of 短语一起用时，不能用the ones）Your ruler is longer than that /that one /the one on the desk. 你的尺子比桌上的尺子长。（that /that o

22、ne /the one 指代可数名词单数）（6）表示“大3岁”，“长2米”时，要用数量词比较级来表示，如：He is three years older than I . 他比我大3岁。The bridge is two meters longer than that one. 这座桥比那座桥长2米。(7) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”He is getting taller and taller. 他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework more and more

23、 carefully. 他做作业越来越认真了。（8）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越认真，犯的错误越少。（9）“特殊疑问词形容词或副词比较级，甲or乙？”Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？3）最高级常用句型结构1. “形容词或副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”Tom is the tal

24、lest in his class /of all the students. 汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。Of the five this apple is the biggest 这个苹果是五个当中最大的。I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。2. “one of the形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大城市之一。3. “特殊疑问词形容词或副词最高级甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较Which cou

25、ntry is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？ 哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？ 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？十、课堂练习： 单选：1. What a _ cough！You seem _ ill.A. terrible，terribly B. terribly，terribleC. terrible，terribleD. terribly，terribly2. I feel even _ now.A. badB. w

26、ellC. worse D. worst3. She was very happy. She ran _ of all the runners.A. fastest B. the quickest C. slowest D. quickly4. Keep quiet，please. Its _ noisy here.A. many too B. too many C. much too D. too much5.Have you _ spoken to a foreigner？ No，_.A .already，never B. ever，never C. yet，already D. ever

27、，ever6. He is taller than _ in his class.A. any boy B .an C. any other boyD. some other boys7. Ill go and visit you _ next week.A. sometime B. sometimes C .some times D. some time8. The car is running _. It seems to be flying.A .more and faster B. more and fast C. fast and fast D. faster and faster9

28、. English is as _ as Chinese. You should learn it well.A. important B. more important C. the most important D. much more important10. Music is not so useful as science. Its _ useful than science.A. fewer B. less C more D. a lot11. Weve never heard of _ story before.A. such a strangeB. such strangeC.

29、 so a strangeD. so strange12. You must wear glasses. They can keep your eyes_.A. soft B. safe C. safely D. safety13. Pass my glasses to me，Jack. I can _ read the words in the newspaper.A. hardly B. really C clearly D. rather14. Three years _, he become a driver.A. late B. later C. lately D. more lat

30、ely15. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box.A. stronger B .much strongerC .strongD. the strongest16. I bought _ exercise-books with _ money.A. a few，a few B .a few，a littleC. a little，a fewD. a little，a little17. The box is _ heavy for the girl _ carry.A. too，to B. to，too C. so，that D. no，to18. Do

31、you have _ to tell us？A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything19. Do you think the fish tastes_？ She cooked it_，I think.A good，good B well，good C well，well D good，well20. She played the piano _ than we had thought.A. successful B. successfully C. more successful D. more succ

32、essfully首字母填空：When the London Underground goes on strike, my journey to work can be terrible. I remember a strike, which happened a few years a_1_the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station and take a different train. This a_2_about an hour to my journey, so I wasnt very ha

33、ppy.E_3_went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking! By the time I go to the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There was something about him-he had such a familiar f_4_.A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack ,a fiend from my schoo

34、l days in Scotland. At the same time he a_5_realized who I was. Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k_6_.I was even more surprised when the train came into my station and he started to get off too! I asked him w_7_he was going and he said he was going to work .He

35、 told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. You see, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. Its a small w_8_! It was such an amazing coincidence! 完形填空：Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr. Sanders, the man who started this _1_ was not always very rich.

36、 At one time, he _2_ a small gas station next to a highway. Many truck drivers _3_ there to get gas and take a rest. Mr. Sanders realized they were often _4_, so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. _5_ the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didnt _6_ too much, more and more _7_ came to eat at h

37、is place. _8_ Mr. Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People _9_ it very much, and his new business grew rapidly. Not long after, however, another highway was _10_, and many drivers no longer went _11_ Mr. Sanders restaurant. So he had to _12_ it. Then he traveled around the country _13_ to sell h

38、is idea of opening fried chicken restaurants. He _14_. By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants. And now, _15_ you go in the United States, you will see one. If you like chicken, Im sure, youll enjoy eating Kentucky Fried Chicken. ( ) 1. A. business B. shop C. life D. searc

39、h ( ) 2. A. found B. worked C. saw D. owned ( ) 3. A. passed B. got to C. stopped D. left ( ) 4. A. late B. hungry C. tired D. sick ( ) 5. A. Although B. If C. As D. Once ( ) 6. A. need B. pay C. spend D. cost ( ) 7. A. passengers B. drivers C. students D. doctors ( ) 8. A. Then B. So C. But D. For

40、( ) 9. A. ate B. liked C. tried D. drank ( ) 10. A. appeared B. found C. built D. broken ( ) 11. A. out B. to C. over D. on ( ) 12. A. close B. run C. return D. take ( ) 13. A. trying B. believing C. thinking D. suggesting ( ) 14. A. failed B. fails C. succeeds D. succeeded ( ) 15. A. whenever B. wh

41、erever C. where D. when 课后作业：一、 写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.long _ _ 2. large _ _3. hot _ _ 4. easy _ _5. good _ _ 6. happy _ _7. big _ _ 8.slowly _ _9. important _ _ 10. bad _ _11. well _ _ 12. useful _ _13. few _ _ 14. hard _ _15. much _ _二、单选1. It smells _.A. terrible B. terribly C. terribly D. more terr

42、ibly2. Alice and Jane are sisters, but Alice is _ than Jane. A. a lot pretty B. more prettier C. much more prettier D. much prettier3. Twenty minutes _, Bethune operated on the leg of the last wounded soldier. A. after B. late C. behind D. later4. You have done _.You must make an apology to Mr. Whit

43、e. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. some wrong thing D. nothing wrong5. Ive lost my dictionary. Have you seen it _? A. nowhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. where6. Hangzhou is more beautiful than_ city in China. A. any B. the other C. others D. any other t7. Which is _, the park, the station

44、 or the bookshop? A. farther B. the farther C. further D. the farthest8. Can they do the work better with _ money and _ people? A. lesserfew B. lessfewer C. littleless D. fewless9. _ you work, the better score you will get. A. The hard B. The harder C. The more hard D. The more harder10. Our school

45、is getting _. A. more beautiful and more beautiful B. beautiful and beautiful C. more beautiful and beautiful D. more and more beautiful11. With the help of our teacher we can speak English _ more fluently than ever before. A. quite B. much C. so D. very12. She studies English better than _ in her c

46、lass. A. any student B. any students C. all the other students D. any other students13. _ the books, I like the detective stories best. A. All of B. Of all C. In all D. All14. Joan sings very _. She is a _singer. A. wellgood B. goodwell C. goodgood D. wellwell15. There is a thief in the room. Lets g

47、o and tell the policeman, _. A. the sooner the better B. the faster the better C. the quicker the better D. the quickly the better16. The weather in London is worse than _. A. Paris B. in Pairs C. it in Paris D. that in Paris17. He is badly ill. In fact he is getting _. A. bad and bad B. bad and wor

48、se C. worse and worse D. worse and worst18. Do you have _ to tell me？ A. new something B. something big C. new anything D. anything new 19. My brother is very tired. He cant walk _. A. no longer B. any longer C. not longer D. not more20. Alices cousin, Mary, _ her brother. A. is as high as B. has bo

49、oks as many as C. studies English as hardly as D. has as many books as21. She did even _ in the exam. A. bad B. worse C. worst D. badly22. This coat is _ than that one. A. much expensive B. much more expensive C. most expensive D. the most expensive23. “Are things on the earth _ they are on the moon

50、?” “No, they are much _ on the earth than they are on the moon.” A. as heavy asheavier B. heavier asheavier C. heavierheavier D. so heavy asheavier24. The boy is _ to work out the problem. A. enough clever B. clever enough C. too clever D. such enough clever25. He has read_ his sister. A. as many bo

51、oks B. books as many C. more books D. more books than26. He _ as his brother. A. speaks English not as good B. speaks English not so well C. doesnt speak English as good D. doesnt speak English so well27. Our country is getting _. A. strong and strong B. more and more strong C. stronger and stronger

52、 D. more strong and more strong28. There are_ seats in this cinema than in that one. A. many B. more C. much D. more many29. Your house is _ mine. A. twice as big as B. as big as twice C. as twice big as D. as big twice as30. _ you study, _ you will be at English. A. The harder; better B. Harder; better C. The harder; the better D. The hard; the good参考答案单选：1-5：ACACB6-10：CADAB 11-15：ABABC16-20：BACDD首字母：1 ago 2 added3 Everything 4 face5 also 6 know7 where8 world完形填空：15 ADCBC 610 DBABC 111