直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

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1、直接引语和间接引语用法讲时;间：2021.03. 04创作：欧阳地弓I用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接弓I述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)o用自己的话 转述别人的话，叫间接弓I语(ind i rect speech) o 一般地 讲，直接弓I语前后要加弓I号， 间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。Mr. BI ack said,Im busy.布菜克先生说：“我 很忙”。(直接弓I语)Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说 他很忙。(宾语从句是间接弓I语)从上例看来，直接弓I语改为间接弓I语时，除将直接弓I语改为宾语从句之外

2、，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了 he, am则改成了 waso现将由直接引语 改为间接弓I语时应注意的问 题，分述如下：:、直接弓I语是陈述句时(that 在口语中常省去 ), that 从句之前用 say 、 tel I 等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、 地点状语等要作相应的变化。1 人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引 语中的第一人称 ( 如： I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours) 变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的 第二人称 (you, your, yours) 变

3、为和主句的间接宾语( 即 听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称 ) 相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称 (he, him,his, she, her, hers, it, its,they, their, thei rs, them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。He sa id ,“ I I ike it very much. v 他说： 我 非常喜欢它”。THe said that he I iked it very much.他 说他非常喜欢它。(I 改为 he, it 不变 )He said,“You told me this story. ” 他说：“你给我讲过这个故事

4、。”THe said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事(You 改为 I, me 改为 him, told 改为 hadtold)He said to me, She s left her bookin your roomAA.他对我说：她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her booki n my room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She sTshe had, her 不变，your-my)2 、时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在

5、进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不受）一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时动词接引从句方面直接如主句的谓语 是一般过去时，直 语变间接引语时， 的谓语动词在时态 要作相应的变化。 弓I语改为间接弓I语 时，动词时态相应变化表He said, I usually watch TV on Sunday. 他 说：“我常在 星期天看电视”。THe said that he usuaI Iy watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, Im using the knife. 他

6、说：“我正 在用小刀。”THe said that he was using the knife?他说他 正在用小刀。She said, “I have not heard from him sinceMay. ”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”TShe said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说 自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。他说：“我来帮助He said, I came to he I p you.他说他 来帮助THe sa i d that he had come to he I p me.我。He said, I

7、 had finished my homework before supper. ” 他 说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”THe said that he had finished his homework before supper. 他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。Zhou Lan said, “ I I I do it after class.” 周 兰说：“下课后我就去做。”- ?Zhou Lan said that she wouId do it after class. 周兰说下 课后她就去做。He sa i d, I sha I I be do i ng my homework t he

8、n.” 他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”THe said that he should be doing his homework then. 他说那 时他将正在做作业。He said, We shaI I have fini shed the work by thattime. ” 他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”THe said that they shouId have f inished the work by thattime. 他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，球是圆的。”球是圆的。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个与一个时态不变

9、。具体的过The teacher said,The earth is round.师说：“地TThe t eacher sa i d that the ear th i s round.老师说地He said, I was born in Shangdong in1965. ” 他说：“我1965 年生于山东。”THe said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.1965 年生于山东。He said, uColumbus d i scovered Amer ica in1492. ” 他说：“哥伦布在1492 年发现了美洲。”THe sa id Co

10、I umbus d i scovered Amer i ca in 1492.他说他他说哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。(2) 主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “ I finished the work. ” 他说：“我做完工作了。”He says that hefinished the work. 他说他做完工作了。He wiI I say,have watered theflowers. ” 他会说：“我己经浇花了。”He wi I I say he has watered the f Iowers.

11、 他会 说他己经 浇花了 o3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表 :He said,“ I met Mr. Smith this morning. ， 他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那 天早晨见到史密斯了。He said, We went to the cinema yesterday. ” 他说：“我 们昨天去电影院了。”他说THe said they had gone to the cinema the day before.前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said, u I

12、 will come back nex t month. ” 莉 莉说： “我下个月回来。 TLily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said, “It is nine oclock now. ” 他说 ： “现 在九点 了。”THe said that it was nine o 1 clock then ?他说那时九点了。He said,“ I havent seen her today. ” 他说：“今天我没见到她。”THe said that he hadrf t seen her that day

13、. 他说那天他没 有见到她。She sa i d, “ I went there yesterday. 她说： 昨 天我去了 那儿。”她说： 明 天我将TShe said that she had gone there the day before. 她说前一 天她去了那儿。She sa i d, u I I I go there tomorrow.去那儿。”TShe said that she wou Id go there the next day. 她说第二天她将去那儿。He said, “My sis ter was here t hreedays ago. ” 他说： 三天前我妹妹在

14、这儿。”THe sa i d that h i s s i ster had been there three daysbefore. 他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。 (hereTthere; ago-before)She said, “Iwi I I come here this evening. 她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”TShe said that shewould go there that evening. 她说那晚她将去那 儿。 (comeTgo;hereTthere; thisTthat)以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的 情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述， her

15、e 就不 必改为 there,come也不必改为 go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday 或tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语 中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接 引语的一般过去时时态不变。Fat her sa i d, I am free t h i s aft ernoon 父 亲说：“我今天下午有空。”父亲说他TFather sa id that he was free thi s afternoon.今天下午有空。He said, I am go ing t here to morrow.” 他说 “我 明天去那里。”He said that he w

16、as going there tomorrow. 他 说他明天去那 里。巧记： 去掉引号加 that, 人称变化要灵活， 时态向后 退一步， 状 语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句 的语序改 为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同 上。巧记： if （或 whether ） 替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时 态、人 称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether 或 if 将其引 出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动 词为 said, 则将其改为 askedo 如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语

17、，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us 等。She said, Is your father an engineer? v 她说： 你父亲是工程师吗？”TShe asked me whe ther my fat her was a n engineer. 她问我 说我父亲是否是工程师。The teacher said to Li Ming,“ Have you f inished your homework? 老师对李明 说：“你做完作 业了吗？”TThe teacher asked LiMing whe ther he had fin i shed hi s ho

18、mework. 老!/ 币 问李明是 否已做完作业了。2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用 特殊疑问句中的疑问词 what, where, when, who, how many 作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said, 则将其改为 askedomy fr iend said巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动 do (does) 、 did, 要去掉。What do you do every Sunday morning?to me. 我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你 做什么？TMy f r

19、i end asked me what I d i d everySunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。“Where have you been, Li Ming? ” the teacher asked. 老师 问道：“你上哪里去了，李明？”- ?The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明 曾去过哪儿。I asked her, How many Eng Ii sh books wi I I you read next term? 我问她说： 下学期你将读多 少本英语书？ ”T| asked her how

20、many Eng I i sh books she wou I d read the next term. 我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。“When did you get up this morning? n asked my father. 我父 亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的？”TMy father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲 问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。注意： 直接引语里是： Whats wrongwith ?/Whats the matter? /Whats thetroubIe?/What has happene

21、d?/ 等特殊疑问句时，间接引 语的语序不 变。He said to her What s the matter with you?他问她“你”He asked her what was the matter with her. 他 问她怎么 了。四、直接引语是祈使句 巧记：去掉引号要加 to; ask, order 须记住，直引 若是否定式， not 加在 to 前部。转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的 不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上 tell 、ask 、 order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前 面加 noto 如果祈使句中有please 一词，改

22、为间接引语时， 就将 please 去掉。成为： told(asked, ordered, warned) som eone (no t) to do some thin g结#勾。He said,“ Sit down, please. 他说：“请坐。 THe asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。The teacher said,“ Don， tta Ik in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话！”TThe teacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。说“开火！”们开火！The captain said to h

23、is men,Fire!上尉对 他的士兵们TThe cap tain ordered his men to fire.上尉命 令他的士兵The policeman said to the chi Idren,“Do警察 对孩子们play footbaI I in the middle of the street.说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”TThe poI iceman warned the chi Idren not to play footbaI Iin the middle of the street. 警察警 告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。五、点击考点1. He said that h

24、e is going to London.2. Tom said t hey had fin ished the job yes terday.3? She asked me don ， t smoke in the room4. They asked that he was there.5. I asked you where was he going.7. The doc tor said to his wife, Not wa i t for me.8. He asked me who I am.9. Mary said that she wouId see you tomorrow ?

25、10. Mother asked what the matter was.11?将下列句子改为间接引语1. u Where wi I I you go tom orrow? ” , Mot her asked me.2. The o I d woma n said to me, “ PI ease I ock the door for me. ”3? The boy told his teacher,“We went to an exhibitionyesterday. ”4. He said,“Ill go to the station to see off a fr iendof mine

26、 this afternoon. ”5? Hello, how are you? ” , he said to me.6. Tom said to me angr i Iy,“Why don t you tel I me youhave been here for two weeks? v7. John sa id to Mary, Do you remember I borrowed a d i amond neck lace from you? vstake aga i n.9. Are you leaving today or tomorrow? ” , I asked her.10.

27、The nurse said to the chiIdren, The sun r i ses i n the east. ”参考答案：I. 1 ? isTwas 2. yesterdayTthe daybefore 3. don , t-not to4? thatTif5? was heThe was 6 ? not 后面力口 to7. NotTDont 8. amTwas9. tomorrowTthe next day 10. was the matterI 1. 1. Mother asked me where I wou I d go the next day.2. The old w

28、oman asked me to lock the door for her.3. The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.4. He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of hi s that afternoon.5. He asked me how I was.6. Tom asked me angr iIy why I didnt teI I him I had been there for two

29、 weeks ?7. John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a d i amond neckI ace from her.8. The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.9? I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.10. The nurse told the chi Idren that the sun r ises in the east.时间：2021.03. 04创作：欧阳地