初中现在完成时讲解与练习全实用教案

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1、nowpastfuture一般(ybn)过去时现在(xinzi)完成时 一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间(shjin)开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响第1页/共31页第一页，共32页。 1. 1.直接加直接加-ed-ed。如：。如：play-playedplay-played 2. 2.以字母以字母e e结尾的直接加结尾的直接加d d 。如：。如：name-namedname-named 3. 3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的，变结尾的，变y y为为i i加加eded。如：。如：carry-carriedcarry-

2、carried 4. 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个重读闭音节且末尾只有一个(y )(y )辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed-ed。如：如：stop-stoppedstop-stopped第2页/共31页第二页，共32页。1) 表示到现在为止(wizh)已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees.He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city. 现在完成(wn chng)时的用法第3页/共31页第三页，共32页。2) 表示过去发

3、生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户(chung hu)现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)常与常与already(已经已经), yet(已经已经), just(刚刚刚刚(gng gng),ever(曾经曾经)等词连用等词连用. already: 常用常用(chn yn)于肯定句中于肯定句中. yet: 常用常用(chn yn)

4、于否定句于否定句,疑问句尾疑问句尾. 第4页/共31页第四页，共32页。在以上两种用法中常在以上两种用法中常(zhngchng)跟跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently等时间继续下去等时间继续下去的状语。的状语。第5页/共31页第五页，共32页。3) 表示过去已经开始(kish), 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . H

5、as he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 常与for, since引导的时间(shjin)短语或从句连用. for+ 时间(shjin)段 since+时间(shjin)点 , since+ 句子第6页/共31页第六页，共32页。since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续(ynx)时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyunclefo

6、ralongtime.比较(bjio)since和for注意：并非有for 作为时间状语(zhungy)的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)第7页/共31页第七页，共32页。1.肯定句“主语 + have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称(d sn rn chn)单数，其它人称一律用have。 .疑问句have（has) + 主语 + 过去分词 （ 回答用

7、“Yes，have（has） “ No，havent（hasnt）” ） .否定句：主语+ “havent（hasnt）过去分词”。 第8页/共31页第八页，共32页。I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her lunch.He has eaten his lunch.肯定句肯定句They have eaten their lunch.第9页/共31页第九页，共32页。I have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.现在完成时的否定现在完成时的否定(fudng)形式：形

8、式：have not (havent) +过去分词过去分词 has not (hasnt) +过去分词过去分词 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home. come-come否定句第10页/共31页第十页，共32页。1. Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums

9、 cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasntlearned把下列句子把下列句子(j zi)改为否改为否定句定句第11页/共31页第十一页，共32页。Have you eaten your breakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式现在完成时的一般疑问句形式(xngsh)Have/has 提前提前+过去分词过去分词 Have you kno

10、wn Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten疑问句第12页/共31页第十二页，共32页。1. Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you alre

11、ady had dinner?Has he just finished his homework?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子把下列句子(j zi)改为一般疑改为一般疑问句问句第13页/共31页第十三页，共32页。（for+for+表示一段时间的词组，表示一段时间的词组，since+since+表示过去表示过去(guq)(guq)某一时刻的词或某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词词组）谓语只可用延续性动词. .eg.- Ive lived here for eg.- Ive live

12、d here for 15 years15 years. .eg.- Ive lived here since eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago15 years ago(1990)(1990)选用选用(xu(xunyng)fornyng)for和和sincesince填空填空: :1.We haven1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.t seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.2

13、.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came toto China. China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.5.His grandparents have been dead _

14、 several years.6. It6. Its five years _ we met last times five years _ we met last timeforforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince第14页/共31页第十四页，共32页。注意注意(zh y): 瞬间动词不能和时间段瞬间动词不能和时间段连用连用. 瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy第15页/共31页第十五页，共32页。method 1: 动作动作(dngzu) 状态状态die be

15、 over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演(shngyn)） be married be in be dead第16页/共31页第十六页，共32页。1.他的爷爷(y ye)已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been awa

16、y from Shenzhen for a long time. I have kept the book for 4 months. 第17页/共31页第十七页，共32页。method 2: It is + 时间段时间段 since + 一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时的句子的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军(cn jn)3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long

17、 time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 第18页/共31页第十八页，共32页。1. He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the mo

18、torbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.延续性动词和瞬间(shn jin)性动词之间的转化 (keys)第19页/共31页第十九页，共32页。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film b

19、egan 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he jo

20、ined the army.第20页/共31页第二十页，共32页。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door

21、 has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 第21页/共31页第二十一页，共32页。1）一般(ybn)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强

22、调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容(nirng)已经知道了。）第22页/共31页第二十二页，共32页。2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在(xinzi)完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间(shjin)状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间(shjin)状语现在完成时的时间(shjin)状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/

23、until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间(shjin)状语第23页/共31页第二十三页，共32页。He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经(y jing)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经(cngjng) 去过上海。比较(bjio) have/has been to have/has gone to第24页/共31页第二十四页，共32页。He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是(b

24、 shi)在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上(l shng),反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是(jish)去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别第25页/共31页第二十五页，共32页。动词动词(dngc)(dngc)填空：填空：1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the

25、room? Yes, we_(do) that already. Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3.

26、 How many times _you_(come) here? 3. How many times _you_(come) here? Once. Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavecomecome第26页/共31页第二十六页，共32页。4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5

27、. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Che

28、n _(give)up smoking last year.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave devel

29、opedgavegaveHaveHaveriddenriddenhas kepthas kept第27页/共31页第二十七页，共32页。1. Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. What have you already done?What has he just done?Who has cooked the dinner?Where has Susan learned Engli

30、sh?对划线对划线(hu xin)部分提部分提问问第28页/共31页第二十八页，共32页。练习题: 1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for

31、 nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has leftC.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached methave chosenhave reachedCA第29页/共31页第二十九页，共32页。Good-bye!第30页/共31页第三十页，共32页。谢谢您的观看(gunkn)！第31页/共31页第三十一页，共32页。NoImage内容(nirng)总结now。一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情。现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响(yngxing)。常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.。（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.。1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作第三十二页，共32页。