职称英语综合类考前押题 适用于BC级 小抄版

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1、综合类-C级A Life with Birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of Londons Yeoman Warders, better known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. “From our bedroom we have a marvell

2、ous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames. ” says David. The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was ) offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesit

3、ation in accepting it. “The birds have now become my life and Im always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and its my job to make sure this doesnt happen!”David devotes about four hours a day to the c

4、are of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. “I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when Im working.” At first , Davids wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires

5、next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories. ”A Lucky Break【幸运的骨折】Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when hes doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he p

6、lays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson.During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes werent very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasnt keenon the idea at first, but he w

7、as eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke

8、 his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “She was right”, confesses Banderas, “and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie. ”He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malag

9、a. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. “Thats when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch w

10、as, you might say, my first lucky break. ”Global Warming【全球变暖】Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the worlds climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the worlds temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever befo

11、re, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to t

12、ake action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations . Some sci

13、entists, however, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay. A Success Story【一个成功的故事】At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and

14、one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Bens story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. “I wanted to prove them wrong”, says Ben,

15、creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encou

16、raged by his father, he soon began charging people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business. “By this time the company had grow

17、n and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me”, says Ben. “That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. ” It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Wayse

18、arch, and he has recently signed a deal worth 25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine. Traffic in Our Cities【城市的交通】The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengt

19、hy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home. One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bring

20、ing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscree

21、n of the car. Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey. Of course, the most i

22、mportant thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people togive up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level. Teaching and Learning【教与学】Many teachers believe that the responsibilities

23、for learning lie with1 the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of

24、 learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to

25、take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference

26、sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with

27、 a student outside of class is limited . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. The Difference between Man and Computer【人与电脑的区别】What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing e

28、lement that our theories dont yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to fi

29、nd out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”. Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or t

30、o find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. However, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name

31、 of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might“want” to find out the loca

32、tion of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants. The First Bicycle【第一辆自行车】The history of the bicycle goes bac

33、k more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifer. It was basically an enlarged version of a childrens toy which had been in use for many years. Sivracs “celerifer” had a wooden frame, mad

34、e in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifer and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the i

35、nvention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets. Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the “

36、celerifer” and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. “Celerifers” were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celerifer was the origin of the modem bicycle. Working M

37、others【职业母亲】Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, th

38、ere are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity . Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents

39、. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated. There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street. In reality , however, many parents dont have any

40、choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to

41、get a crush on Mum and close family members. Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in. All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do the best for your children, its not

42、the quantity of time you spend with them, its the quality that matters. Look on The Bright Side【看光明的一面】Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isnt really a lot of fun. We all know someone who sees a si

43、ngle cloud on a sunny day and says, “It looks like rain. ” But if you catch yourself thinking such things, its important to do something about it. You can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and youll find life more rewarding as a result . Optimism, t

44、hey say, is partly about self-respect and confidence, but its also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the wor

45、ld. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists, on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world they just get on with their lives. 阅读理解综合类-C级Telling Tales about People

46、【讲述关于人们的故事】One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography. An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. Often

47、it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and H

48、elen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it. Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the t

49、imes as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with

50、 the outside world. Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different so

51、urces as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write. 1. This passage is mostly about_the characteristics of

52、autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies 2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography. 3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light 4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it 5. Diverse means varied or different Single

53、-parent Kids Do Best【单亲幼儿最出色】Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parentsat least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate. The finding shows that fam

54、ily conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, theres always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring. In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any pare

55、nt in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. so its normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the

56、 conflict itself affects the offspring. To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared ingle females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising f

57、our chicks, and each single mum had twosupposedly the same amount of work. But single mums, they found, put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and its the

58、 chicks that pay the price. “The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict,” says Hartley. The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the “fitness” of the male offs

59、pring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families. Sexual conflict has long been tough to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on c

60、onflict of parents in birds. “But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here is showing it empirically.” More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartleys statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. “People have not rea

61、lly made that link,” says Hartley. A females reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well. 1. With which of the following statements would the author probably agree? Two-parent families pr

62、oduce less attractive children. 2.According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring? . The young males get less care. 3.What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? Experiment and result. 4. According to Hartley, which of the following is

63、 NOT influenced by sexual conflict? . The offsprings body size. 5.According to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strategy is influenced by ecological factors. The Changing Middle Class【变化中的中产阶级】The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However, middle clas

64、s is not a real designation, nor does it carry privileges. 1 It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, an

65、d nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor, but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words, they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places. The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one