[英语考试]英美概况第6周课程Week 6

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1、The House of Hanovarians Anne, despite so many births, died without leaving an heir, a new family of monarchs now took over the throne - the Hanoverians, from north Germany. King George I 1714 - 1727 Age 54-67. Great-grandson of James I. Two children. Buried in Hanover (Germany). George could hardly

2、 speak English and spent most of his time in his beloved Hanover. He made little effort to learn the language and customs of the country and communicated with his ministers in French. Sir Robert Walpole became Englands first Prime Minister. King George II 1727 - 1760 Age 44 - 77 Son of George I Marr

3、ied Caroline (German) Eight children Buried in Westminster Abbey. Preferred Germany to England, but learned to speak English, unlike his father. Interesting Fact:The last British monarch to lead troops into battle at the Battle of Dettingen against the French in 1743.King George III 1760 - 1820 Age

4、22-81 Grandson of George II Married Charlotte (German) Fifteen children Buried at Windsor. George III was the first Hanoverian monarch to be born in England. He was the son of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. He was the first monarch since Queen Anne to put British intere

5、sts well before those of Hanover.George III ruled for 50 years and fathered 15 children. Australia was colonised. His reign was the age of some of the greatest names in English literature - Jane Austen, Byron, Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox a

6、nd great captains like Wellington and Nelson. In 1773 the Boston Tea Party was the first sign of the troubles that were to come in America. The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th 1776. The 1790s saw the French Revolution. The wars with France continued until Napoleons defeat

7、 at Waterloo in 1815. King George IV 1820 - 1830 Age 58-67 Eldest son of George III Married Mrs Fitzherbert (English), then Caroline (German) One child Buried at Windsor. He became Prince Regent while his father was very ill.Built Brighton Pavilion.George IVs only daughter died young.King William IV

8、 1830 - 1837 Age 65-71. Third son of George III. Married Adelaide (German). No children Buried at Windsor. Became known as the Sailor King after joining the navy from just 13 years old. During his reign England abolished slavery in the colonies in 1833.Queen Victoria 1837 - 1901 Age 18-81. Grand dau

9、ghter of George III. Maried Albert (German). Nine children. Buried at Windsor (Frogmore Mausoleum). Victoria was the daughter of Edward, duke of Kent (fourth son of George III) and a niece of George IV and William lV. She married Albert of Saxe - Coburg Gotha. Ruled during the industrial revolution.

10、 The British Empire became powerful, rich and confident. When Victoria died in 1901, after the longest reign in English history, the British Empire and British world power had reached their highest point. She had 9 children, 40 grand-children and 37 great-grandchildren, scattered all over Europe.115

11、4 - 1399 Plantagenets1399 - 1461 The House of Lancaster1461 - 1485 The House of York1485 -1603 The Tudors1603 - 1649 and 1660 - 1714 The Stuarts1714 -1901 The House of Hanovarians1901 -1910 and 1910 - Today Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The WindsorsKing Edward VII 1901 - 1910 Age 60-69 Son of Victoria Marri

12、ed Alexandra (Danish) Six Children Buried at Windsor The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Edward was created Prince of Wales almost immediately after his birth.At an age when many men are about to retire from work, Edward at last got the job of being king.He married Alexandra of Denma

13、rk and kept Europe at peace during his life. He was known as Edward the Peacemaker. He enjoyed fine food and horse racing.The House of WindsorName changed in 1917When George V came to the throne, he changed the family name to Windsor because of the anti-German feeling at the time. King George V 1910

14、 - 1936 King Edward VIII June 1936 King George VI 1936 - 1952 Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day King George V 1910 - 1936 Age 45-70 Second son of Edward VII Married Mary (German) Six children Buried at Windsor Ruled Britain during First World War 1914 - 1918. During his reign women were allowed

15、to vote for the first time.Sinn Fein Easter Rising in 1916 led to independent Parliament in Ireland in 1918. King Edward VIII June 1936 Age 42 Eldest son of George V Married Mrs Wllis Simpson (American) No children Abdicated Ruled for just 325 days - abdicating December 1936Abdicated to marry Mrs Wa

16、llis Simpson, as he was not able to marry a divorced woman and become King. Mrs. Simpson was an American, a divorcee and had two husbands still living. King George VI 1936 - 1952 Age 41-57 Second son of George V Shy brother of Edward VIII Married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Scottish) Two children Buried a

17、t Windsor He didnt expect to become King. Ruled during World War Two and refused to leave London during the blitz. The two Princesses, Elizabeth and Margaret, spent the war years at Windsor Castle.The post-war years of his reign were ones of great social change and saw the start of the National Heal

18、th Service. The whole country flocked to the Festival of Britain held in London in 1951 Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day Age 26 - Elder daughter of George VI Married Philip (Greek-born British-naturalized) Four children On Nov. 20, 1947, Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten, duke of Edinburgh.

19、They were in Kenya (en route for a tour of Australia and New Zealand) when the King George VI died (Feb. 6, 1952) and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. Her coronation, on June 2, 1953, was the first to be televised.Queen Elizabeth II is the 40th monarch (King or Queen) since William the Conqueror o

20、btained the crown of England in 1066.Royal Palaces and Castles Woodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of EnglandTimeline of the Kings and Queens of EnglandWoodlands Junior School is in the south-east corner of EnglandThe Plantagenets 1154 - 1399The Plantagenets were a huge powerful fami

21、ly not just in England but throughout Europe. Their name came from planta genista, the Latin for yellow broom flower, which the Counts of Anjou wore as an emblem on their helmets. The first Plantagenet kings were the Angevins, from Anjou, and later followed related familes of Lancaster and of York.K

22、ing Henry II 1154 - 1189 King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199 King John 1 1199 - 1216 King Henry III 1216 - 1272 King Edward I 1272 - 1307 King Edward II 1307 - 1327 King Edward III 1327 - 1377 Richard II 1377 - 1399 King Henry II 1154 - 1189Age 21-56 Son of Matilda Grandson of Henry I Married E

23、leanor (French) Eight children Buried at Fontevrault (France) Came to the throne at just 21. He ruled for thirty-four years, but spent only fourteen of them in England. He controlled more of France than the King of France. Thomas Becket was Henry IIs Chancellor before the king made him Archbishop of

24、 Canterbury, even though he had never been a priest. Henry is mostly remembered for his quarrel with Thomas A Becket, and Beckets subsequent murder in Canterbury Cathedral on 29th December 1170.Henrys eldest son, also called Henry, died before his father so in 1189 his second son, Richard, succeeded

25、 to the throne. King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199Age 32 - 42 Son of Henry II Married Berengaria (French) No children Killed in battle Buried at Fontevrault (France) Third and eldest surviving son of Henry II. He was in England for only ten months, spending the other time fighting in the *Crus

26、ades. He spoke very little English. He is usually depicted as a brave, warrior king, and was given the nickname Lionheart.Richard had no children, so the next king was his brother John. *The Crusades were a series of nine religious wars waged from 1095 to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Is

27、lamic rule. King John 1 1199 - 1216Age about 32-49 Son of Henry II Married Isabel (English) then Isabella (French) Five children Buried at Worcester. Fourth child of Henry II and brother of Richard l. Responsible for the Magna Carta (Great Charter) giving justice to all.Interesting FactFor a Christm

28、as feast in 1206 at Winchester Castle, King Johns orders to the sheriff included 1,500 chickens, 5,000 eggs, 20 oxen, 100 pigs, and 100 sheep. King Henry III 1216 - 1272Age 9 - 65 Eldest son of John I Married Eleanor (French) Six children Bburied in Westminster Abbey. Henry was 9 years old when he b

29、ecame king. His reign lasted fifty-six years, making it the longest of any English monarch (NB not British monarch) In 1264 Henry was captured during a civil war and was forced to set up a Parlement (from the French parler, to talk) at Westminster, the start of the House of Commons.He rebuilt Westmi

30、nster Abbey. King Edward I 1272 - 1307Age 33-68 Eldest son of Henry III Married Eleanor (Spanish) then Margaret (French) Eleven children Buried in Westminster Abbey. Edward Longshanks (so called because he was over 6ft tall) fought wars against the Scots King Robert the Bruce and was called the hamm

31、er of the Scots. Edward formed the Model Parliament in 1295, bringing together the knights, clergy, nobility and burgesses of the cities, bringing Lords and Commons together for the first time.King Edward II 1307 - 1327Age 23-43 Son of Edward I Married Isabella (French) Four children Murdered Buried

32、 in Glucester Cathedral. He was called Edward of Carnarvon after his birthplace in Wales. Edwards wife raised an army to take over the Kingdom. He was murdered in gaol.King Edward III 1327 - 1377Age 15-65 Son of Edward II Married Philippa (Flemish) Eleven children Buried in Westminster Abbey. Edward

33、 fought many battles against the Scots and the French. Set up the Order of the Garter. The outbreak of bubonic plague, the Black Death in 1348-1350 killed half the population of England. The Black PrinceEdwards llls eldest son was also called Edward. He was known as the Black Prince because of the c

34、olour of his armour. Richard II 1377 - 1399Age 10-32 Son of Edward the Black Prince Grandson of Edward III Married Anne (Bohemian) then Isabella (French) No children Murdered Buried in Westminster Abbey. Richard ruled at the time of Chaucer the poet.His cousin, Henry IV, had him murdered in prison t

35、o take over the throneThe word castle comes from a Latin word meaning fortress. The official London residences of the English Sovereigns, from Henry VIII to the present day, have been:the Palace of Whitehall (to 1699), St Jamess Palace (to 1837) and Buckingham Palace (1837 +), originally known as Bu

36、ckingham House. Interesting fact:The only access to St Jamess and Buckingham Palace before 1841 was through Horse Guards: The Mall was closed at both ends until the opening of Trafalgar Square in that year.The Queens HomesBuckingham PalaceBuckingham Palace is the Queens official and main royal Londo

37、n home, although the Queen regularly spends time at Windsor Castle and Balmoral in Scotland.We have now created a special page with photographas and information on Buckingham Palace. Click here to go there Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is an official residence of The Queen and the largest occupied ca

38、stle in the world. The castle was the inspiration for the Royal familys surname. William the Conqueror built the castle in 1080 and it has remained a royal palace and fortress for over 900 years. Windsor is the oldest royal home in Britain and, covering 13 acres, its the largest castle in the world

39、that is still lived in.Each year, the Order of the Garter ceremony is held at Windsor Castle, and the Queen occasionally hosts a dine and sleeps for politicians and public figures.Balmoral CastleBalmoral Castle is the private residence of The Queen. It has remained a favourite residence for The Quee

40、n and her family during the summer holiday period in August and September. The Castle is located on the large Balmoral Estate in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.Some 85,000 people visit Balmoral each year, and the estate maintains and restores footpaths throughout the property for visiting hikers.The Palace

41、 of HolyroodhouseFounded as a monastery in 1128, the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh is The Queens official residence in Scotland. It was also the home of many Scottish royals.The Queen holds receptions, state functions, and investitures within its walls, and each year during Holyrood Week Quee

42、n Elizabeth and Prince Philip invite 8,000 Scottish guests to the Garden Party. Sandringham HouseThe Royal familys private country retreat in Norfolk. Every Christmas is spent at Sandringham House, which has been the private home of four generations of sovereigns since 1862. Other Royal Family Homes

43、 Kensington Palace Kensington Palace was the favourite residence of successive sovereigns until the death of George II in 1760. When William III bought the Jacobean mansion in 1689 it was known as the Nottingham House, and during his ownership he outfitted it for royalty. It was the birthplace and c

44、hildhood home of Queen Victoria and her primary residence until she moved into Buckingham Palace. Kensington Palace was the London residence of the late Princess Diana. St. James PalaceBuilt between 1532 and 1540 by Henry VIII. St James Palace was the official residence of the British Sovereign unti

45、l the death of William III in 1837. Since then Buckingham Palace.Clarence HouseClarence House, stands beside St Jamess Palace. It is The Prince of Waless current official London residence and former London residence of the late Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.Past Royal Homes Houses of Parliament (

46、Palace of Westminster)Edward the Confessor made the Palace of Westminster the first official London residence. It is now the seat of British democracy. It is where the UK government is. The Palace contains over 1,000 rooms, the most important of which are the Chambers of the House of Lords and of th

47、e House of Commons. The Banqueting House (Whitehall Palace)In 1529, Henry Vlll got fed up with Westminster Palace and built himself another one which he called Whitehall Palace. It covered 23 acres and it was the official royal residence until it burned down in 1698. It was rebuilt as government off

48、ices. Hampton Court PalaceResidence of King Henry VIII and Cardinal Wolsey.Tower of LondonThe palace was a residence for Mary I and Elizabeth I, Charles I, William III and Mary II. Find out more about the Tower of London Lambeth PalaceResidence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.Castles History of Cast

49、les Information on British CastlesThe Royal Family TreeClick on a royal family member to read the complete biographyby David JohnsonVictoria ruled from 1837 to 1901Queen Victoria, whom the Victorian Era was named for, ruled from 1837 to 1901. As well as being Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Bri

50、tain and Ireland, she was also the first monarch to use the title Empress of India.Victoria had been niece to the previous king, and because of his lack for an heir within his own family she became next in line to the throne. Her reign lasted almost 64 years, making her the longest reigning monarch

51、in the history of England.Victorian EraThe Victorian Era took place from 1837 to 1900 in England. The Victorian Era was at the height of the Industrial Revolution, a period of significant social, economic, and technological change in the United Kingdom. Named for Queen Victoria, the time period for

52、its unique fashions, arts and literature. Many pieces of literature that were produced in the Victorian Era continue to be recognized as classics today.Daughter of EdwardQueen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) was born in 1819 and died in 1901. Vicoria was the daughter of Edward, the duke of Kent and

53、Strathearn, and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg. She was baptised in the Cupola Room of Kensington Palace on 24 June 1819 by Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury. The queen was brought up in seclusion. Victoria was the last monarch of the House of Hanover.Queen of United Kingdom and Ire

54、landWhen Victoria ascended the throne, the government was controlled by the Whig Party. The Whig Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, at once became a powerful influence in the life of the politically inexperienced queen. In 1839, unable to cope with the problems overseas, the ministry of Lord Melbourne

55、resigned.Prince AlbertPrincess Victoria met her future husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, when she was sixteen years old. Prince Albert lived from 1819 to 1861. He was the son of the duke of Saxe-Coburg, which is in what is now Germany, and cousin to his own wife. Queen Victoria married Pr

56、ince Albert on 10 February 1840 at the Chapel Royal in St. Jamess Palace; four days before, Victoria granted her husband the style His Royal Highness. In 1851, the first World Fair, known as the Great Exhibition of 1851, was held. Organised by Prince Albert, the exhibition was officially opened by q

57、ueen Victoria on 1 May 1851. The Great Exhibition proved an incredible success, with its profits being used to endow the South Kensington Museum (later renamed the Victoria and Albert Museum). The Prince Consort died in 1861, devastating Victoria, who entered a semi-permanent state of mourning and w

58、ore black for the remainder of her life.The most popular style of architecture prior to the Victorian era was the Greek Revival. This style was used almost exclusively for public buildings where simplicity and dignity were considered the most important attributes.Elizabethan style (lzbthn), in archi

59、tecture and the decorative arts, a transitional style of the English Renaissance, which took its name from Queen Elizabeths reign (15581603). During this period many large manor houses were erected by the court nobility. The plans and facades tended more toward symmetry, although there remained many

60、 of the characteristics of the Tudor style Tudor style, descriptive of the English architecture and decoration of the first half of the 16th cent., prevailing during the reigns (14851558) of Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary I. Click the link for more information. . The great hall of mediev

61、al manors was retained, and features were added that increased the occupants comforta broad staircase, a long gallery connecting the wings of the house on the upper floors, withdrawing rooms, and bedrooms of greater size and importance.Royal Family of Elizabeth II House of Windsor | Windsor Family T

62、ree Click on pictures for more information 英美概况第6周课程Week 6 (4/2/09)Chapter 2： History (4)10. The Early 20th Century(1) Edwardian Society# Who was Edward VII?(Alexandra of Denmark)Edward VII ( 1841 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 190

63、1 until his death on 6 May 1910.Edward, eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert was born in Buckingham Palace in 1841. He was educated privately and at Edinburgh University, Oxford University and Cambridge University.Edward, who spoke French, German, Spanish and Italian, toured the world on b

64、ehalf of the royal family. This included trips to Italy, Spain, Canada, India, Egypt, Denmark, France, Germany, Belgium and Russia.Edward VII became king on the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. Although he was 59 when he became king, he restored some vitality to the monarchy. He made several royal visits a