抽屉式换煤机设计【含CAD图纸、PROE三维】
抽屉式换煤机设计【含CAD图纸、PROE三维】,含CAD图纸、PROE三维,抽屉,式换煤机,设计,CAD,图纸,PROE,三维
毕业设计 设计题目:_学生姓名:_学 号:_专业班级:_指导老师:_ 2014年 月 日目 录摘要. 第一章 前言 1.1蜂窝煤概述1.2抽屉式换煤机概述 1.3抽屉式换煤机组成第二章 抽屉式换煤机的设计方案 2.1煤炉灶结构设计 2.2换煤机的隔板结构设计 2.3换煤机的支撑板结构设计 2.4换煤机的齿轮结构设计 2.5换煤机的转动动设计第三章 耐高温材料的应用 3.1隔热材料概述 3.2支撑板与隔热板材料选择 3.3设计时考虑的几个问题 第四章 蜂窝煤引燃设计 4.1用煤气引燃设计 4.2用电热丝引燃设计 第五章 预防煤气中毒第六章 结论致谢参考文献专业相关的资料摘 要现在的我们家里的蜂窝煤炉都是把蜂窝煤一个一个叠在炉腔里面,而底下蜂窝煤烧完后,得把一个个的蜂窝煤用钳子从炉腔里面夹起来,直到把底下面那个烧完了的蜂窝煤夹出来,然后再把其他没烧完的蜂窝煤一个个夹回去,待到下面的烧完之后又得重复这个工作;甚至于需要把上面的蜂窝煤夹起来之后才能知道底下的蜂窝煤是否烧完了没有,这样操作非常麻烦,浪费时间的同时,需要反复操作,蜂窝煤夹来夹去的同时也会造成燃烧不充分,煤本身是不可再生资源,这样的蜂窝煤炉造成了较大的资源浪费,使用过程繁琐,效率非常低。还有的是用铁勾从进风口伸入,将底层煤渣捣碎取出;或是把煤炉灶篦做成刀形,从上部加压,将底层煤渣压破取出。这几种方法都不同程度地存在废气和飞灰对人体直接污染严重,散热量大,易压破上、中层煤,麻烦费事等弊病。为解决以上问题,这里设计一种简易抽屉式换煤器。 第一章 前言1.1蜂窝煤概述蜂窝煤主要用于家庭生火、取暖,用无烟煤制成的蜂窝状的圆柱形煤球。由原煤、碳化锯木屑、石灰、红(黄)泥、木炭粉等混合物基料和由硝酸盐、高锰酸钾等组成的易燃助燃剂所组成。用上述材料制成直径100mm的易燃蜂窝煤试烧,其着火快、火苗高达140mm以上,燃烧时间长达1小时,无烟无味,燃烧完全。优点:高效易燃M01-高效易燃蜂窝煤生产技术:上火快2分钟火苗达一尺火力猛12分钟烧开一壶水该煤球易燃烧,起火快,用一根火柴从炉口处即点燃,2分钟火苗达一尺,炉火温度能达680摄氏度,并能调节火苗大小,使用方便,和液化气一样,随用随点,不用封炉,无烟、无毒、无味,一次放二块煤球能燃烧120-150分钟。投资少见效快,用普通散煤加几种遍地都是而不值钱的原料和两种添加剂混合而成,手工操作,用普通煤球机每人日加工1200块左右,成本每块7分,市场售价0.18元以上,如建一个三人小厂,利用机器生产,年利润达50万元,添加剂各地化工商店均有销售。一吨煤能生产6000块易燃蜂窝煤。M02-环保高效倍化节煤蜂窝煤:该蜂窝煤的优点是即经济又好用,比传统蜂窝煤具有上火快,燃烧效果好,火力猛,燃烧时间长,旺火时间比传统蜂窝煤长20-30分钟,每块节能蜂窝煤蜂窝煤比传统蜂窝煤可多烧开水6-8公斤,蓝火,能与液化气比美,蜂窝煤中产生的一氧化碳和二氧化硫气体得到有效控制和转化,使排出的气体不造成空气污染,不易破损,便于运输和存放,不掉黑渣,不易沾黑皮肤和衣服,而且成型煤重量轻,产量高,一吨煤可制成3000-4000块节能蜂窝煤,是生产传统蜂窝煤的3倍左右,利润是传统蜂窝煤的2.5-3倍。M03-强力速燃蜂窝煤:各地的煤球厂煤和土的比列多数为1000:300,能生产10厘米高的煤球1200个,成本极高,公司研制的快速燃烧煤技术,煤和土比列为1000:1000,另加十几元助燃剂,能产10厘米高的煤球2600-3000个,燃烧效果和时间均超过未加添加剂的煤球,且上火快,持续时间长,封炉后18小时不灭,无毒,无烟,无味,烧后的废煤球渣也能整块夹出,助燃剂原料各地都可购到。节煤增效 M04-高能活性节煤增效剂:该技术与其他单位提供的类似技术截然不同,绝不是一根火柴点燃蜂窝煤技术。每吨煤加入8元钱左右的活性节煤增效剂后,可使每吨煤的掺土量在原来200公斤的基础上再增加300-500公斤(不同产地的煤质掺土量不同),热效率提高15%以上。添加该活性增效剂的煤上火快、火力旺,火苗高1020厘米,旺火时间22.5小时,燃烧充分,燃烧后整块取出不散渣。劣质煤加入后和优质煤一样好烧。如专门生产该活性节煤增效剂,几百元流动资金即可,手工操作,每吨煤添加的活性节煤增效剂成本8元左右,售价18元左右。即使仅供一个县市1/10的蜂窝煤厂,年利润也有几万元。原有的蜂窝煤机和炉具不变。秸秆窝煤 M05-秸秆生产蜂窝煤技术:本品是以秸秆粉和劣质煤相配合为基本原料,再添加脱硫剂消石灰,成形后再经以石蜡和重油配制成的表面处理剂进行表面处理而制得,是可使作物秸秆得到充分有效利用的成形煤。特点:(1)以作物秸秆和劣质煤为基本原料,基本上都是废料利用,价廉易得,变废为宝。(2)燃烧性好,发烟少,放出的二氧化硫少,堪与一般燃料媲美。(3)成形时不加热、不用粘结剂,既节能,又有利于降低成本。(4)制得的成形煤具有耐水性,贮运方便。(5)点燃性好,使用方便。用途和普通煤球、蜂窝煤一样,用作家庭燃料。3速燃点火编辑 燃煤从开采至今,多用柴草秸引燃,而本中心开发的速燃环保点火蜂窝煤用打火机或火柴就能直接点燃,而且环保、节能、火旺,普通煤炉直接使用。是经改良后的最新科研成果。蜂窝煤性能特点1、点火迅速用打火机或火柴在煤球上直接点燃,随用随点、方便快捷。2、火力威猛火焰覆盖面积大、炉口温度高,燃烧时若一次放两块煤,可保持90-120分钟火力。3、安全可靠属安全产品,无明火不点燃,遇火星不燃烧。存放不失效,无有害气体排放,符合国家环保要求,安全可靠。4、成本低廉原煤价格越低,制成成品煤价格越低,原煤价格越高,制成单块成品煤利润越大。4技术配方编辑易燃蜂窝煤由点火层、引火层和本体煤3部分组成。其中点火层、引火层知为50克重,本体煤15克重。易燃蜂窝煤的制作工艺配方(重量%)如下:点火层硝酸钠30%(氧化剂),硝酸钾1.7%(氧化剂),市猛酸钾0.9%(催化剂),木碳粉17.4%(低燃点碳材料),无烟煤30%(高碳基材料)碳化锯木屑13%,氧化钨2%(净化剂)黄泥约为35%(粘结剂)。引火层碳化锯木层23%,木碳粉15%,无烟煤50%,氧化钙3%,黄泥约为49%。在制作过程中,要注意上述3部分材料的湿度要基本相同。手工或机械成型时,要注意3个部分的配料占总重量的百分比,即最下层的点火层占20%,中间的引火层占20%,上面的本体煤占60%。5易燃煤编辑易燃蜂窝煤,由原煤、碳化锯木屑、石灰、红(黄)泥、木炭粉等混合物基蜂窝煤料和由硝酸盐、高锰酸钾等组成的易燃助燃剂所组成。用上述材料制成直径100mm的易燃蜂窝煤试烧,其着火快、火苗高达140mm以上,燃烧时间长达1小时,无烟无味,燃烧完全。本易燃蜂窝煤原料广泛、成本低廉、使用方便、制作简单、达到省料省时节能节资的目的,有着很好的开发前景。 1.2抽屉式换煤机概述抽屉式换煤机是把除废渣抽屉支撑板设置在炉腔的正下方,煤炉灶进风口正上方。隔板设置在炉腔和除废渣抽屉之间,隔板称之为活动隔离板(前后来回活动),最下面蜂窝煤用隔离板嵌于炉体两蜂窝煤之中,从而实现两煤分离让整个蜂窝煤渣掉至除渣抽屉内,并利用除渣抽屉将蜂窝煤渣排出,具有轻松操作和卫生环保的优点,不再需要把蜂窝煤一个个夹出来,即使,出现错误判断而把最下面一个没少烧完的蜂窝煤排出来,也可以直接把其重新放回至炉腔内,操作非常简单、便捷。当抽屉支撑抽出时能使废煤排出,隔离板作用使上边的煤自然落下,能同时达到换煤。下边支撑板上安装电热丝之类,(类似家用煤气灶炉丝,用途点燃底煤)。1.3抽屉式换煤机组成抽屉式换煤机由抽屉式换煤器由煤炉灶、抽屉支撑板、隔板、两根齿条、固定齿轮轴、齿轮、组成。如图1-2所示。 煤炉灶 隔板 支撑板 齿条 齿轮 手柄 轮轴 手提抽屉式换煤炉灶整体图:1-2 第二章 抽屉式换煤灶的设计2.1煤炉灶结构设计由灶体、炉膛、灶台和通风口组成的煤炉灶,其结构特征是在灶体外还设有一层金属外壳,该金属外壳与灶体外表面金属层之间构成一个封闭的空腔,贮在该空腔内的水可以吸收散发到灶体外周的热量,使水升温,从而提高该煤灶的燃料利用率,并能同时产生热水。炉灶底下面就是更新部分,如图2-1所示。抽屉式换煤灶剖面图:2-12.2换煤器的隔板结构设计 隔热板的作用是为了,在换煤的过程中切入最后一块与倒数第二块之间,起到一个暂时的支撑作用,所以隔热板的设计要求比较高,要满足以下几点:1.必须薄,这样才能切入紧密贴合在一起的两块煤之间。2.必须隔热,由于最后几块煤的温度最高,所以隔热板一定要隔热性能非常好。3.必须足够硬,而且韧性好,因为隔热板很薄,如果所以需要满足这种要求。2.3换煤机的支撑板结构设计支撑板的作用是在使用的过程中一直拖着上面的4块煤,所以对于支撑板的物理性能要求比较高,要满足以下几点:1.强度足够大,硬度足够强.2.隔热性足够好。3.好加工2.4换煤机的齿轮齿条结构设计由于煤的标准高度是70MM,所以考虑到各种因素所以决定:齿轮参数为:模数1.5 齿数36 压力角20齿条参数为:模数1.5 齿数36 压力角20 2.5换煤机的转动动设计动力方面有2种比较合理的方案1.靠人力转动,这种方式比较简单,成本也比较低。2.靠电动驱动,这种方案,比较省力,操作比较轻松,但是考虑到使用这种煤炉的人一般都是做小生意的人,所以成本这方面要压缩。综合实际考虑,决定靠人力转动为动力。第三章 耐高温材料的应用 3.1 隔热材料概述 隔热材料分为多孔材料,热反射材料和真空材料三类,包括前的使用本身,空气或惰性气体的热传导率的差距系数非常低,所以那样的泡沫材料,和纤维材料的热反射材料的高反射率反映,热,金、银、镍等金属、铝箔或涤纶聚酰亚胺胶片等真空隔热材料内部的真空材料的使用热对流的障碍达到了重量和体积的要求而使用的绝缘材料而航空宇宙产业的更多的要求,它通常是噪音、震动、耐腐蚀性需要各种各样的绝缘材料的需求方面,各种各样的航空飞机驾驶舱的客舱和一般的形式,超高石英玻璃棉,棉,热真空隔热板导弹头能用绝缘物质酚形式的初期的应用,具有良好的温度具有抗药性的聚氨酯泡沫,单一的绝缘三明治结构的开发了船舱中导弹器具湾绝缘外皮的厚度的发泡涂层层覆盖,在室温下的防腐涂料作为时,空气动力加热200C以上,即使那个发泡保温功能具有人造卫星的高温度移动的低温环境,交替使用的话,高性能多层反射绝热材料,一般的铝薄膜几层构成、镀铝聚酯薄膜、镀铝聚酰亚胺膜并且,开发的瓷砖解决航天飞机的隔热材料表面的同时,高绝缘水平的开发标志气凝胶的多孔质材料的绝缘材料模特的感觉,纳米开口,管绝缘而绝缘使用机器,材料的0.018w /的室温的热传导率(km),0.009w /的低温度(km)真空隔热板的最新的绝缘材料,在海外大大促进,家电产品的使用,这个材料的低热传导率.004只上述的优秀的保温效果。现在的家用冰箱集装箱完全这个材料的使用的床垫声纳绝缘绝缘性能为软件产业的强热绝缘材料两个原理编辑3种方法,建筑物的热交换性能的热传导:热传导对流的25,75的热辐射夏天的温度下,瓦屋顶后,温度的内部的辐射热的量持续增加,劳动和生活条件,很不舒服堤防的铝线圈的太阳辐射吸收系数(全部方法的辐射率)0.07,较少热辐射屋顶和墙壁的隔热材料广泛被使用热传输线(绝缘膜):太阳红外磁波动的影响对能源-瓷砖的高温热源热-瓷砖的热冲击的地方打屋顶的温度地方打屋顶的热辐射热了-室内环境温度持续上升热传输线(绝缘膜加):热-瓷砖的热冲击铝铝箔表面温度-铝铝箔放射率极低的发出的高温热源,太阳红外磁波动能的影响-瓷砖,少量的热辐射温度舒适的室内环境维持代表材料铝箔隔热卷材概念Dike铝箔隔热卷材,又称阻隔膜、隔热膜、隔热箔、拔热膜、反射膜等。由铝箔贴面+聚乙烯薄膜+纤维编织物+金属涂膜通过热熔胶层压而成,铝箔卷材具有隔热保温、防水、防潮等功能。铝箔隔热卷材的日照吸收率(太阳辐射吸收系数)极低(0.07),具有卓越的隔热保温性能,可以反射掉93%以上的辐射热,被广泛应用于建筑屋面与外墙隔热保温。导热系数较低的几种隔热材料(按厚度划分)1.保温隔热纸:FiberGC-1050系列隔热纸导热系数0.027瓦米开,厚度0.45mm,白色,纸状,具有超薄的优势,常用于IT类小型电子产品以及家电领域,极少用于建筑类的保温隔热;2.玻璃纤维棉板/毡:导热系数0.035瓦米开,厚度3mm5mm,白色,分硬板和软毡状,玻璃纤维结构,用于家电产品、管道等;3.聚氨酯发泡板(PU/PIR):导热系数0.020.035瓦米开,多色,硬质、脆性,厚度10mm200mm;4.离心剥离纤维棉/岩棉:导热系数一般为0.038瓦米开,厚度30200mm,黄色,用于建筑行业,机房、库房等;5.微纳隔热板:导热系数0.02瓦米开,耐温较高,多用于高温环境;6.气凝胶毡:常温下导热系数0.018W/(Km),厚度2mm10mm,白色或蓝色,柔性毡,可根据要求定制成硬性板状材料,适用于设备、管道保温。可任意造型的隔热材料RFC异形隔热件。新型高效干燥技术隔热材料因为其热传导性能差,采取传统热风干燥其耗时很长,并且能耗过大,干燥均匀性较差,而采取微波干燥技术则绕开了其传热性能差的问题,提高了生产效率,符合现代工业生产高效节能环保的要求,解决了传统隔热材料烘干技术用时长,资金周转较慢,且干燥不均匀的问题,具体特点有: 干燥过程快捷迅速,几分钟完成深度干燥,可使最终含水量达到千分之一以上;干燥均匀,产品干燥品质好;高效节能,安全环保;热惯性小,加热的即时性易于控制。synotherm是全球知名的工业微波窑炉装备制造商和微波加热解决方案提供商,其专业生产微波干燥设备精品及高温微波烧结炉3.2支撑板与隔热板材料选择 支撑板的作用是在使用的过程中一直拖着上面的4块煤,所以对于支撑板的物理性能要求比较高,要满足以下几点:1.强度足够大,硬度足够强.2.隔热性足够好。3.好加工综合考虑决定用用不锈钢外壳铺一层.微纳隔热板。3.3设计时考虑的几个问题第一:煤炉的加工,由于煤炉的材料使用的是用混合泥料,做成的,所以造型的时候要求比较精细,因为隔热板和支撑板的厚度有要求,加上煤炉的密封性要考虑,所以加工时要特别注意。第二:隔热板的材料和加工,由于隔热板只是短时间支撑煤块的,所以隔热性要求不怎么高,但是热熔性一定要高,还有刀口要求做倒角。这样有利于切煤。第三:电阻丝的选择,要求功率比较高的,体型比较小的,这样有利于结构的紧凑性。第四章 蜂窝煤引燃设计 4.1用煤气引燃设计 我们都知道蜂窝煤的引燃是比较麻烦的事情,最常用的就是用别的燃烧的煤来引燃,但是很多时候全部煤都烧完了,那就要用别的柴火去引燃了,非常麻烦,费时费力。所以我们采用电阻丝来发热引燃煤块。4.2用电热丝引燃设计为了均匀加热我们采用弹簧型M式加热丝,来加热燃烧煤块。在窑炉里加热的材料往往会产生大量的水蒸气,水蒸气会影响电热丝表面氧化物保护层的形成并使它疏松且粘着性差,降低电热丝的寿命。如何正确的选择匹配的电热丝,就需要考虑电热丝所含的物质,市面上电热丝分为两个系列为铁铬铝合金和镍铬电热合金。它们的抗氧化性能一般都较强。但也有着各自的优缺点。1、铁铬铝合金系列主要优缺点:优点:铁铬铝电热合金其使用温度高,最高使用温度可达1400度,(0Cr21A16Nb、0Cr27A17Mo2等),使用寿命长、表面负荷高、抗氧化性能好、电阻率高,价格便宜等。缺点:主要是高温强度低,随着使用温度升高其塑性增大,元件易变形,不易弯曲和修复。2、镍铬电热合金系列主要优缺点:优点:高温强度较铁铬铝高,高温使用下不易变形,其结构不易改变,塑性较好,易修复,其辐射率高,无磁性,耐腐蚀性强,使用寿命长等。缺点:由于采用较稀缺的镍金属材料制成,故该系列产品价格高出铁铬铝最多达几倍,使用温度较铁铬铝低。通过比较发现铁铬铝电热丝要比镍铬电热丝严重的多,所以建议如果水汽较多情况下,应尽量选择镍铬电热丝http:/item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a230r.1.0.0.ZXUXqL&id=36407061630&_u=sej5b0p83db已知几种常用煤的燃点:无烟煤的燃点:550700烟煤燃点:400550褐煤燃点:300400家庭用煤一般采用蜂窝式无烟煤。其燃点要求比较高,在选用电热丝和设计电热丝时需要经过适当计算,以保证点燃蜂窝煤时的效率和电热丝保持合理的水平,保证能量的最大化利用。已知一块蜂窝煤的体积蜂窝煤的底面半径:122=6,;这块蜂窝煤的底面积:3.146=113.04;这块蜂窝煤的体积:113.049=1017.36;孔的半径:22=1;孔的底面积:3.141=3.14;孔的体积:3.149=28.26;孔数:28.2612=339.12;蜂窝煤总面积-小孔总面积:1017.36-339.12=678.24。一块蜂窝煤大概900g ,比热值为按公式C=Q/M*t 按照700度点燃来计算比热值为1.391*103J/KG 得出:Q=7.26102*103J 根据电热丝发热功率W=PT 按1分钟来点燃蜂窝煤来计算,得到取近似值得到功率为 1.2KW 。第五章 预防煤气中毒目前我国北方许多地区冬季取暖仍采用煤炉,因使用炉火不慎而造成煤气中毒的事故常有发生,怎样防止煤气中毒呢?1用煤炉取暖,一定要安装烟筒和风斗。2定期清扫烟筒,保持烟筒通畅,如果发现烟筒堵塞或漏气,必须及时清理或修补。3经常打开门窗通风换气,保持室内空气新鲜。4伸出室外的烟筒,还应该加装遮风板或拐脖,防止大风将煤气吹回室内。第六章 结论 本设计论文介绍了自动换煤锅炉总体结构设计,完成了各结构件的设计,在设计零部件时,我通过计算机软件对结构进行设计与分析,对各构件进行了平面和空间力学受力分析和强度校核。因此,使得各构件都满足强度要求,使其工作安全可靠本文设计的自动换煤机。使其有运行可靠、性能稳定、噪音低、安全可靠、体积小、重量轻、成本低、运输安装拆卸方便、使用维护工作量小等特点。因此具有很高的性能价格比。在设计过程中,存在的几个技术点与攻克,首先是选材问题,要耐高温的材料,煤炉的加工问题。等需要我们好好深思。由于本人的学识和时间实在有限,而且实践经验更是不足,因此,在设计中难免会出现一些缺陷和不足之处,恳请各位老师和同学批评指正。谢 辞 感谢我的导师xxx老师,他严谨细致、一丝不苟的作风一直是我工作、学习中的榜样;他循循善诱的教导和不拘一格的思路给予我无尽的启迪。感谢我的李老师,这片论文的每个实验细节和每个数据,都离不开你的细心指导。而你开朗的个性和宽容的态度,帮助我能够很快的融入我们这个新的实验室。 感谢我的室友们,从遥远的家来到这个陌生的城市里,是你们和我共同维系着彼此之间兄弟般的感情,维系着寝室那份家的融洽。四年了,仿佛就在昨天。今后大家就难得再聚在一起吃每年元旦那顿饭了吧,没关系,各奔前程,大家珍重。 感谢我的辅导员xx老师,是赵老师在我这几年的大学生活和学习中给予我积极的督促、谆谆的教导和无私的帮助才能让我能够如此顺利的完成毕业设计。 感谢我大学所有的课程老师,没有你们无私的教导我掌握不了如此繁杂的科学知识,我将带着你们所给予的知识踏入这个复杂黑暗的社会。 感谢参加本人论文审阅和评阅的所有老师。谢谢你们能在百忙之中抽出时间对我的论文进行评审,并提出自己独到的意见。 最后,我要感谢所有培养、关心和教育了我的人们。 由衷的感谢你们。- 16 -JOURNAL OF SHANG HAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITYDevelopment of a Workpiece Location Determ ination System in Parallel Mechanism Type Machine ToolsZHAO Xiao ming , SHAO Hua, HATTORI Kazuya, TSUTSUMIM asaom i 1.School of Mechanical Eng, Shanghai Jiao tong Univ, Shanghai 200030,China; 2.Technical Research Dept,Toyoda Machine Works, Kariya 44828652,Japan; 3.Bio Applications and Systems Eng, Tokyo Univ of A griculture and Technology, Tokyo 18428858, Japan. Abstract: This paper uses HexaM made by ToyodaMachine Works Co.as an analyticalmodel of parallel mechanism type machine tools. Much collision may be generated for its complicated structure and working space, when a workpiece is mach inedusing this machine. For example, those collisions are generated.between the moving components of the parallel mechanism ,between the moving components and a workpiece and between themoving components and the tool storage for autom atic changing.In th is paper,an algorithm for detecting and avoiding those collision swasproposed. The method for avoiding the collisions was conducted by readjusting the location of the workpiece without am ending the toolpath.It is confirmed through experim ent that the proposed algorithm is useful for detecting the collisions and determining the location of the workp ieceprior to the actual machining.Keywords: parallel machine tools;ollision check; avoidance; toolpath; in stallation site In recent years, the PMT development and application of the growing, but because of its structure and working space is very complicated, use it for processing the workpiece, it is very possible the machine components themselves interfere with the workpiece and the machine interference. Also, if like PMT HexaM 1, work on stage in the installation of automatic tool change devices and other peripheral equipment, the installation of the workpiece. It may limit the installation of the workpiece location, that is, peripheral equipment and workpiece interference that may arise when processing machines and peripheral equipment to interfere. PMT on their way to check interference and machine work space has been much research 2 5. Among them, This writer and other Japanese companies Toyota Machine Works of PMT HexaM 1 as a model. Discussion of PMTs their interference in the inspection, the work space approximate expression 5. the other hand, 5-axis NC machining, cutting tool (knife, Chuck and Spindle) and the workpiece (workpiece and fixture) interference methods also have many. Among them, Takeuchi, etc. 6 tool system from the surface for a number of points as interference checking, and the workpiece surface are relatively simple function, when interference check point at the internal functions, be able to judge for the machine and workpiece occurred interference; The author, etc. 7 and the method proposed here just the opposite. that is, from the workpiece surface, system selection interference checking, whether the system access tool for interference checking. As CNC machine peripheral devices are not generally placed in the work tops , So, in these two methods, they did not consider processing machines and peripheral equipment to interfere in the issue. These studies are discussed in detail PMT their interference in the machine tool and workpiece and the interference checking and evasive methods, However, the use of PMT ago, but there are several problems : working platform for peripheral devices such as a barrier Machine 1 should consider the machines and peripheral equipment possible interference; the inspection machine and the interference of the workpiece. Consideration should also be given spindle plywood, plywood hinge link with the workpiece and the possibility of interference, However, the existing CAM software does not include such interference detection; machine when there is interference with the workpiece. General Tool always postural adjustments to avoid interference. In fact, PMT, in addition to postural adjustment tool, You can also adjust the location of the workpiece to avoid all interference. Moreover, This approach avoided the biggest advantage is not to change the existing CAM software. Based on common CAM software tool path of the output-based, shorten the time to interfere in the inspection checkpoints document composition, By adjusting the location of the installation of the workpiece to avoid the possibility of all kinds of interference, of the workpiece can test for processing at the workpiece and machinability best installation location calculation. 1.Interference checking and avoid interference Using the PMT HexaM, peripheral equipment (the knife) and the workpiece installation diagram shown in Figure 1. Therefore, For the machine, during processing and installation of the workpiece at the possibility of interference with his interference, machine tool and workpiece interference machines and the peripheral equipment, and interference with the surrounding devices workpiece interference. If you are using a parallel machine table without peripheral devices or devices placed around the far more, will not affect the location of the workpiece machining process or there will not be machines and peripheral equipment interference, can be omitted from the workpiece and the machine and equipment around the interference checking. F ig. 1Schemat ic of the parallelmechanism HexaM1.1 Their interference 1.1.1 The composition checkpoints During processing, All tools can be applied to position literature 5 described method to check whether their intervention will happen. if there is interference, can be used in the adjustment of the workpiece location to avoid interference. Parts of the installation location changes, Processing Tool position will naturally be changed. Therefore, the need to conduct another inspection, not occur until the date their interference. As an installation at each location to location of all the tools for inspection computing time will be very long. To shorten the time of calculation, this is not the right tool for all locations and to extract only a small number of knives location (hereinafter referred to as check points) interference checking. Therefore, point out checks must be done : at checkpoints if no interference in its own. in the other cutter location would not interfere in their occurrence. setting up check-points advantage of a significant reduction in the frequency of inspections. From the z-axis cutter farther, the higher the position, the greater the degree of tilt, the more prone they interfere in 5. Therefore, wait for the processing of the workpiece, the tool path from the outside to share the measurement point, the higher the cutter location, tool tilt angle larger point as to determine whether they interfere in the check points. 1.1.2 Interfere with the inspection methods Tool position and posture straight at the moon and the space rotary disk space, it would be interference in its own 5. Therefore, they interfere with the inspection methods : read all checkpoints, obtained a checkpoint each corresponding to the straight and rotating space Yuan Yuan space 5. cutter position and posture in response The straight round space and space Rotary Circle, convicted of the checkpoint will not interfere in their occurrence; In all the check points are not interfered, were judged to be installed in the position not to interfere in their occurrence. If a check point in the location or position of the straight excess space Yuan Yuan, or rotating space, can be used in the literature 5 mentioned in the inspection methods to interfere in the review. As space than the average round of inspections interference 5 calculation to be much smaller, so this kind of method can shorten each inspection, the computation time. 1.1.3 Avoid interference method As in the same horizontal plane, the cutter in the z-axis location at the least prone to his interference. Therefore, If a checkpoint in a self-interference then we check points and the z-axis direction connectivity as evasive. Then, Parts of the installation location along the direction of movement of evading 10 mm. If two consecutive evade direction of the angle is greater than 150 . that could have been avoided reversed direction in the horizontal plane does not exist in the location to install, so The workpiece can be installed to enhance upward position. In this paper, each increase by 10 mm. If they interfere with the main motor is a rotary screw lower interference Note workpiece is too high or the location of the workpiece too high, not with the machine tool. 1.2 Machine interfere with the workpiece 1.2.1 The composition checkpoints As shown in figure 2, machine and workpiece possible interference between parts of a knife, chuck, spindle head, spindle splint, Hinges and plywood link. workpiece can be seen from the surface and surface composition. Among them, Surface processing from the point with machine might happen to the non-interference by non-machined surface processing point is, here, processing and point and non-point processing collectively referred inquiries to the point. F ig. 2Check method of the collision betw een the parallelmechanism and wo rkp iece Inquiries point with knives, and Chuck, The first spindle axis and the splint interference known as a category interference. Such interference only with knives, the posture, and workpiece position unrelated to the installation. Therefore, if the screening of such interference, and only postural adjustment tool for evasive, This requires changes CAM software, beyond the scope of this discussion. Inquiries point splint hinge connecting rod or interfere in the resolution as interference in two categories. Such interference can be adjusted through the installation of the workpiece - Purchase avoided. Below these two types of intervention on the check points formed. With a cone, its center point for the tool, cone angle of H0 included knives, and Chuck, The first spindle axis and the minimum angle of plywood; Tool center hinge splint to the minimum distance of d002; Tool axis in the direction of the minimum distance of h0, H0, d002 and h0 machine parts according to the size and structure of plywood hinge back corner of the largest such parameters obtained. For the processing of a point P, P calculated with all inquiries Q-point connectivity PQ and the tool axis angle H, d line segment and the length of the segment PQ tool axis direction on the length of the projection h. Therefore, satisfy conditions H H 0 inquiries point as a kind of interference in check; satisfy conditions d h and d 0 h0 inquiries points as Class 2 interfere in the check points. As with all the processing points have obtained two checkpoints, and deposited checkpoints document. 1.1.2 Interfere with the inspection methods Checking whether there was interference in Category 1, the first knife, Chuck, The first spindle axis and splint (referred to as Tool System), and a type of intervention checkpoints x z plane to the projection, then, Tool checks into the projection system checks whether the point system and tool interference 7. As the No. 1 category interfere with the workpiece unrelated to the installation location, in the calculation of the workpiece location, only for a meeting of this kind of checking calculations. Due to the location of the installation of the workpiece, which will definitely lead to splint hinge and link the position and posture change. Therefore, Parts of each installation location adjustments, we must check whether there will be interference in the first two categories. Therefore, How to reduce interference in the first two categories of the inspection is to shorten the clearance time of the key. In this paper, judgment Category 2 interference check point is to satisfy the conditions d h and d 0 h0, This small workpiece or relatively flat workpiece can be significantly reduced check points. 1.2.3 Avoid interference method When interference, and its method of avoiding interference in its own when there are evading the same method. 1.3 Machine and equipment around the interference 1.3.1 The composition checkpoints Figure 3 for PMT HexaM of peripheral equipment, workpiece machining and tool path when the vertical view. From Figure 3, we can see that peripheral equipment installed in the workstations to a quadrant, so Tool path to the center of a quadrant of the outer (.), as interference in the check points.Fig. 3Check po ints and avo idance vecto r of the co llisionbetw een the parallelmechanism and magazine1.3.2 Interfere with the inspection methods And peripheral equipment may interfere with the parts of a machine tool, chuck, spindle head, plywood hinge connecting rod and spindle splint, Their shape of a cylinder and the plane circles constitute the polyhedron, and peripheral equipment for the many facets of the shape. Therefore, peripheral equipment and machine parts will be used between bounded plane and cylinder and bounded plane and bounded plane interference method 5. That is, in all the checkpoints, causing peripheral equipment bounded plane and the cylindrical machine parts sector plane or whether there is an intersection between. If Nodal, Information on interference; If no intersection, a statement that no interference. As noted above, workpiece location of the installation will bring different machine parts location and posture change, so each set new workpiece location, must re-examine whether there has been peripheral equipment and machine interference. 1.3.3 Avoid interference method If the machine occurred with the surrounding equipment interference, peripheral equipment will surface before the normal direction as to evade direction, and the occurrence of evading their own methods of avoiding interference in the same way. 1.4 Workpiece and the interference of neighboring devices In order to be able to quickly detect when installing the workpiece and the existence of peripheral equipment interference, the first of the workpiece to the xy plane projection, and bounded by polygons workpiece envelope projection. Then, use bounded plane and bounded plane 5 to check the workpiece and the interference of neighboring devices. each installation location given workpiece after, the need for such interference checking. If the workpiece and interfere with the surrounding equipment, peripheral equipment will surface before the normal direction as to evade direction, and the occurrence of evading their own methods of avoiding interference in the same way.1.5 Interpolation of check points From the above content aware that apart from the workpiece and the interference of neighboring equipment checks, other checks are interfering in the inspection point in terms of interference. Therefore, if the check points between the distance is too large, There were at checkpoints without interference, while at checkpoints will happen between interference, But such interference has not been found possible. in actual processing time is absolutely impermissible. To solve checkpoints may exist between the interference problem, there are two major ways : First, a simple function with polyhedron intersection method 8; two is to check the distance between the point narrowing. No. 1 methods for screening machine and the interference of the workpiece particularly effective, But they can not be used to solve interference; 2 methods for the various types of interference in the inspection applies to all, But if the checkpoints between the distance is too small, check points, a huge amount, Inspection interfere in the calculation will be very long. Therefore, we set a safe distance, Under this safe distance from the check point to shorten the distance between, in order to achieve the results we are reliable, also short time inspection purposes. specific methods are as follows. Conducting two objects judgment interference, One of the first objects to expand 5 mm. If the expanded intersection of two objects. was convicted of two objects there is interference. If the intersection from the surface of objects within 5 mm. In fact, this is still no interference. If convicted of two objects there is no interference, then the distance between the two objects in more than 5 mm. Here, this 5 mm called safe distance. CAM system for output from the reference point and tool path, If adjacent to the inquiry or the distance tool path is greater than the distance between a safe distance Inquiries points in the tool path between or among some interpolation points. that is, after inquiries after the interpolation between the points and tool path is the distance between less safe distance. So, when the two checkpoints there are no interference. in between them would not have happened interference. Thus, a safe distance from the need to determine whether the interpolation, can prevent missed interference, without excessive increase in computing time. 2. Workpiece location of the installation method of calculation 2.1 Parts of the best installation location In this paper, Pad of the minimum height; from the shortest distance from the center stage as a measure of the workpiece best installation location standards. Specifically, First to the workpiece is placed in the bottom table (At this point, the height of the pan 0) Tool tracks in the xy plane projection center and the center coincides workstations (distance from the center of the worktable 0) Workpiece as the best installation location. If there is interference in the location to be installed, in order to guarantee the minimum height Pad, will be the workpiece within the same level from the inside outward movement Find no interference in the installation location. If not found in the same horizontal plane does not interfere with the installation location, workpiece will be gradually upwards (increase Pad height) Mobile and then in the same horizontal plane to find, until they found the location of the installation or come in the machine can not be processed conclusion has been reached. 2.2 Best installation location method of calculation Based on the best parts of the installation location concept, this paper presents a workpiece machining installation location calculation steps are as follows : 1) Read the basic data. Include : knives, and Chuck extend the radius and length; Inquiries; Tool path; peripheral equipment and the location of the xy plane with the other projector. (2) to determine whether the machine processing. According to the workpiece Inquiries point and the tool path, Calculation workpiece xy z direction in the shape and size of the cutter Mobile distance. When the workpiece size or shape of the movement distance Tool too large, given the workpiece on the machine can process of warnings. the end of the operation. (3) various types of interference generated inspection checkpoints document. Among them : checking their interference, The machine tool and workpiece Class 1 and Class 2 interference, Machine interfere with peripheral equipment check-point document. (4) to check whether there are machine the workpiece with a type interference. If depositors in, due to the interference by not moving the workpiece to avoid the installation location, so given the unavoidable existence of a category of interference warning, the end of the system. (5) to set the tool path Center C (x, y, z) of the initial position. To meet the workpiece best installation location definition, C (x, y, z) of the initial set of home : x = 0; y = 0; z = s. Among them, s
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