湖南省高考英语 能力进阶四 阅读简答课件

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1、四、阅读简答四、阅读简答年份年份数量数量考点考点201320122011题题目目类类型型细节理解题细节理解题343推理判断题推理判断题101主旨大意题主旨大意题000体裁体裁记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文词数词数303292298话题话题爱心爱心奉献奉献工作工作经历经历长跑长跑经历经历1(2013湖南高考湖南高考) Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. “Lets Talk”: The Free Advi

2、ce Project A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people: street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice. A week or two late

3、r, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length. Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment; she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read“Free Advice”as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astoni

4、shed at the strong response. Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually(相互地相互地)beneficial. People learn from herbut she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expe

5、ct her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers. Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process. Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and

6、 thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective. I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. It

7、 was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New Yorkwhere it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. 1. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words)_2. What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words

8、)_3. According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions? (No more than 6 words)_4. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words)_【文章大意文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文本文是一篇记叙文, , 讲述了一位女士免费为大讲述了一位女士免费为大家提供咨询的故事。家提供咨询的故事。1.【解析解析】She was giving free advice. 细节理解题。根据第一细节理解题。根据第一段段.

9、 . . a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice. 一句可知她的不同之处在于她为别人提供免费的建议。一句可知她的不同之处在于她为别人提供免费的建议。2.【解析解析】They expect her to listen and provide real answers. 细节理解题。根据第四段细节理解题。根据第四段they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers可知人们不仅期望她的聆听可知人们不仅期望她的聆听, 也希望她给出真正的答案

10、。也希望她给出真正的答案。3.【解析解析】They should talk things out. 细节理解题。第五段细节理解题。第五段中中. . . Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process. 告诉我们告诉我们Podell认为做决定时人们应认为做决定时人们应该把事情说出来。该把事情说出来。4.【解析解析】She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二

11、段中推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Podell said. . . would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 可知可知Podell在纽约依靠志愿者来推动她的项目的发展。在纽约依靠志愿者来推动她的项目的发展。2(2012湖南高考湖南高考) Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. A wise teacher once told me tha

12、t every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry. Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restauran

13、t called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift(轮轮班班), I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wa

14、nts to hear: “Mike, theres a problem in the mensbathroom and you might want gloves for this one. ”I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile. Over three years later

15、I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them m

16、aking us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does. From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positiveno matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my l

17、ife. 1. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer? (No more than 12 words)_2. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do? (No more than 14 words)_3. Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations? (No more than 13 words)_4. What did the author learn from his

18、first job? (No more than 11 words)_【文章大意文章大意】本文主要介绍了自己在一家快餐店的工作经历。本文主要介绍了自己在一家快餐店的工作经历。1.【解析解析】He wanted to save up money and buy his own car. 细节理解题。由第二段中的第二句话细节理解题。由第二段中的第二句话I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. 可知答案。可知答案。2.【解析解析】The manager part

19、icularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile. 细节理解题。由第二段最后细节理解题。由第二段最后一句一句The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile. 可知答案。可知答案。3.【解析解析】He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is. 细节理解题。由第三段第二句话细节理解题。由第三段第二句话

20、I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. 可知答案。可知答案。4.【解析解析】He learned teamwork, devotion and staying positive in rough situations. 细节理解题。由最后一段中细节理解题。由最后一段中. . . I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. 可知答案。可知答案。3

21、(2011湖南高考湖南高考) Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. My First Long RunTwo weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasnt going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeli

22、ng abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air. Our driveway has a slope(斜坡斜坡)that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a

23、few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further. After about one kilometer, however, I noticed t

24、hat my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air. I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didnt stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better, faster, stronger. To m

25、y great surprise, I ran 4. 9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do. It was the first long run of my life. Since then, I have improved my stride(步幅步幅)and time. After every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I l

26、ove the runners high. I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good. 1. Why did the author feel guilty? (No more than 9 words)_2. What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? (No more than 11 words)_3. What excuses did the author keep giving he

27、rself to stop? (No more than 9 words)_4. How is running different from jogging to the author? (No more than 14 words)_【文章大意文章大意】本文属于记叙文。文章记述了本文属于记叙文。文章记述了“我我”的第一次的第一次长跑。长跑。1.【解析解析】She had a quarrel with her husband. 细节理解题。细节理解题。由第一段由第一段. . . I had a quarrel with my husband. 可知。可知。2.【解析解析】She failed

28、to jog to the end of the street. 细节理解细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句题。由第二段第二、三句. . . I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. 可知。可知。3. 【解析解析】No one would be disappointed or even know. 细节细节理解题。由第四段第二、三句理解题。由第四段第二、三句No one would be disappointed.

29、 No one would even know. 可知。可知。4. 【解析解析】Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good. 推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good. 可知。可知。热点考向热点考向 1 细节理解题细节理解题 1. 考查方式考查方式: 这类题所占比重最大这类题所占比重最大, 以以how, what, why提

30、问的问提问的问题为主。题为主。2. 解题技巧解题技巧: 在文章中找到答案出处。在文章中找到答案出处。处理、转换信息处理、转换信息, 从而归纳出问题的答案。从而归纳出问题的答案。细节理解题回答方式细节理解题回答方式: 问题类型问题类型回答方式回答方式提问目的提问目的for短语短语; 不定式短语不定式短语提问原因提问原因(why)because of短语或短语或because从句从句; 不定式短语不定式短语提问词是提问词是what名词或名词性短语、名词性从句名词或名词性短语、名词性从句提问词是提问词是howby doing sth. /by means of sth. 【典例典例】(2013永州模

31、拟永州模拟)But then farms began to use new ventilation(通风通风)systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors. 81. How does the new ventilation system work? (No more than 7 words)_【解析解析】本题信息句本题信息

32、句: Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. 。信息句较长。信息句较长, 需要提炼主要需要提炼主要信息信息, 舍弃次要信息舍弃次要信息, 精简语句。故答案为精简语句。故答案为: By using tunnel fans to circulate air. 或或It uses tunnel fans to circulate air. 【点拨点拨】 在回答细节理解题时在回答细节理解题时, , 一定要注意提问方式和答案的协一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求不同形式的回答。调性。不

33、同类型的问题要求不同形式的回答。1(2013岳阳模拟岳阳模拟) “Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀怀孕孕)are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素雌激素), which w e k n o w h a s m a n y n e u ro p ro t e c t i v e ( 保 护 神 经保 护 神 经的的)effects, ”Kinsley said. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the

34、passage? (No more than 4 words)_答案答案: The hormones of pregnancy. 2 People born in the winter are more likely to suffer mental health disorders, according to a recent study carried out by researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee. Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning(断断奶奶)in eit

35、her “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and eight hours of dark or “winter” cycles of eight hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day. What did the researchers sort the mice into three groups according to in Para. 2? (No more t

36、han 4 words)_答案答案: Hours of light. 热点考向热点考向 2 推理判断题推理判断题 1. 考查方式考查方式: Why. . . ? What can be inferred/concluded from. . . ? What is the authors attitude toward. . . ? What does the author use the examples of. . . to show? 2. 解题技巧解题技巧: 推理判断题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上推理判断题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上, 掌握文章掌握文章的真正内涵的真正内涵, 进行合

37、理的推断。进行合理的推断。要吃透文章的字面意思要吃透文章的字面意思, 从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。这是推理的前提和基础。这是推理的前提和基础。要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工, 通过分析、综合、判断通过分析、综合、判断等等, 进行深层处理进行深层处理, 符合逻辑地推理。符合逻辑地推理。要忠实于原文要忠实于原文, 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断。以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断。【典例典例】(2013湘西模拟湘西模拟)There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1

38、920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter and the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. 83. What does the writer try to explain by talking about short skirts? (

39、No more than 8 words)_【解析解析】本题信息句本题信息句In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. 是一个具体的例子是一个具体的例子, 说明前一说明前一句话。故答案为句话。故答案为: There is a cyclical pattern in fashion。【点拨点拨】找到文字的表面已知的信息。找到文字的表面已知的信息。深层处理深层处理, , 符合逻辑地推理。一定要忠实于原文。符合逻辑地推理。一定要忠实于原文。1(2013岳阳模拟岳阳模拟) “Its rat data but

40、humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals, ”he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes. ”“Its rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals”What does the sentence suggest? (No more than 13 words)_答案答案: The results of experime

41、nts on the rat are much the same on humans. 2 Some people think the dance may be from pre-Christmas times, and others say it was introduced into Britain in the late 15th century and that it comes from Moorish dancing. In any case, it is interesting to see that Morris dancing is not a dying tradition

42、. There are Morris dancing groups in places as far away as New Zealand and San Francisco! What idea does the underlined sentence try to support? (No more than 11 words)_答案答案: To prove that Morris dancing isnt a dying tradition. 热点考向热点考向 3 主旨大意题主旨大意题 1. 考查方式考查方式: What is the main idea of the passage/

43、text? What is the passage/text mainly about? What is the best title for this passage/text? 2. 解题技巧解题技巧: 解题步骤解题步骤: 找主题句找主题句改写主题句改写主题句确定最佳答案。确定最佳答案。回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句。而文章的主旨回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句。而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置句大多出现在三个位置: 文章首句文章首句; 一段末二段首转折后信息一段末二段首转折后信息; 文章末句。文章末句。注意不可照抄原句注意不可照抄原句, 而需重新归纳组织、概括而需重新归纳组织、

44、概括(有的只需稍有的只需稍作归纳或略作改写即可作归纳或略作改写即可)。主旨句为判断句式。主旨句为判断句式, 具有高度概括具有高度概括性性, 一般为简单句式或词组式一般为简单句式或词组式(名词词组或动词词组名词词组或动词词组)。【典例典例】(2013永州模拟永州模拟)第一段第一段: Planting trees around poultry farms(禽类农场禽类农场)can improve air and water qualityand relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees ne

45、ar poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia(氨氨). They can also reduce the strong odor(气气味味)of ammonia gas. . . What is the best title of the passage? (No more than 10 words)_【解析解析】主旨句在文章首句。把首句主旨句在文章首句。把首句Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water qualityand relati

46、ons with neighbors. 重新归纳、概括可得知此处是禽类农重新归纳、概括可得知此处是禽类农场周围种树的好处。故答案为场周围种树的好处。故答案为: The Benefits of Planting Trees Around Poultry Farms. 。【点拨点拨】主旨大意题主旨大意题“三原则三原则”: 概括性原则概括性原则最大程度上覆盖全文。最大程度上覆盖全文。针对性原则针对性原则直指主要内容直指主要内容, 外延适度。外延适度。醒目性原则醒目性原则短小精练短小精练, 多为名词性短语。多为名词性短语。1 第一段第一段: Motherhood may make women smar

47、ter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆痴呆)in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙荷尔蒙), US researchers reported on Thursday. Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their

48、 brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimers(早老性痴呆病早老性痴呆病). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans. . . What is the main idea of this passage? (no more than 10 words)_答案答案: Motherhood m

49、ay make women smarter and prevent old-aged dementia. 2 第一段第一段: There are many customs and traditions connected to yearly celebrations which are part of Britains folklore(民民俗俗). Lughnasadh is a celebration at the beginning of August. A custom connected with it is to make corn dolls with corn from the

50、 last of the harvest. The doll is saved until the following spring when it is put back into the earth with new seeds. . . Whats the main idea of the passage? (No more than 9 words)_答案答案: :Many customs and traditions are connected to yearly celebrations. Directions: Read the following passage. Answer

51、 the questions according to the information given in the passage. 1A tropical fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼红树沼泽泽)across the America can survive out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted to land millions of years ago, a new study shows. The Mangrove Rivulus, a type of

52、 small tropical killifish, seeks shelter in shallow pools of water in crab caves, nut shells or even old beer cans in the tropical mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they group together on the land in hollowed logs and breathe air through their

53、 skin instead of their gills(腮腮)until they can find water again. The fish, whose scientific name is Rivulus Marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. The scientific breakthrough came after a trip to Belize. “We kicked over a log and the fish just came dropping out, ”Taylor said. He said he woul

54、d publish his study on the fish inThe American Naturalistjournal early next year. In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish could survive for up to 66 days out of water without eating, and that their metabolism(新陈代谢新陈代谢)keeps functioning. Some other fish can survive briefly out of water. The walki

55、ng catfish found in Southeast Asia can move about over land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can survive out of water, but only in a sleeping state. No other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to

56、 Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canadas University of Guelph. “These animals live in an environment that is similar to conditions that existed millions of years ago, when animals began making the evolution(进化进化)from water onto land, ”she said. 【文章大意文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了美国一种能脱离水域这是一篇记叙文。讲述了美国一种能脱离水域而生存好几

57、个月的鱼。而生存好几个月的鱼。1. When does the scientific breakthrough about Rivulus come out? (No more than 6 words)_2. List two parts of the Mangrove Rivulus that can breathe. (No more than 4 words)_3. How are the Mangrove Rivulus different from walking catfish? (No more than 12 words)_4. What does the text main

58、ly talk about? (No more than 10 words)_答案答案: 1. After a trip to Belize. 2. Skin and gills. 3. They can survive out of water for months at a time. 4. Mangrove Rivulus can live for months out of water. 2(2013长沙模拟长沙模拟)I remember a day 17 years ago quite well. That day, our twin sons, Chad and Brad, loa

59、ded their car and left home to go to college. I realized that our dinner table would soon become a“table for two”. Sure, the boys would come home on the weekend, but even so, I knew our family life would never be exactly the same again. Before leaving, the boys walked around each room of the house t

60、o make sure they hadnt forgotten anything they needed. We all walked outside. Chad and Brad gave me big hugs and quickly got into their car. I waved as they drove away. When I couldnt see their car any longer, I began to sob. My husband Roy tried to comfort me, but I could see grief in his eyes, as

61、well. There are many parents who would experience this period. Bitter-sweet feeling will be present. While the parents feel pride and joy for their children, they will also feel a sense of grief. Painful moments fill their minds. While I cannot adequately explain the feelings, I can still remember h

62、ow I felt when we began that new chapter in our lives. As time went on, Roy and I are now accustomed to our table for two and we enjoy our lives together. As an added bonus, “dinner for two”is much more affordable than dinner out for an entire family. I have to admit I still miss our children and th

63、e old times we had together. But I have to say I enjoy the time I spend with my husband more than ever before. Roy and I have always enjoyed each others company, but after the children went to college, we found a great amount of strength in each other. Some things have changed over the years. Our lo

64、ve for one another has grown stronger with each passing day. Together, Roy and I are now doing things we never dreamed possible. Our children oftentimes talk about how we are busier and happier than we have ever been before. Could it because we fell deeper in love as we spent quality time together a

65、t our table for two? 1. When was the writers family life changed according to the passage? (No more than 7 words)_2. Why did the two boys walk around each room before leaving home? (No more than 10 words)_3. According to the passage, how do the parents feel about their childrens leaving home to go t

66、o college? (No more than 16 words)_4. According to the passage, why are the author and her husband busier and happier than they have ever before? (No more than 16 words)_答案答案: 1. After their sonsleaving home for college. 2. To make sure they hadnt forgotten anything they needed. 3. They feel pride and joy for the children and they also have a sense of grief. /They feel bitter-sweet. 4. They fall deeper in love as they spend quality time together at their table for two. /They enjoy each others co