定语从句初中英语

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The manwho lives next to usis a policeman.2) You must do everythingthat I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why*关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句*1.

2、who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boyswhoare playing footballare from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old manwholost his way.*2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person(whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2) The man (who/whom)you met just nowis my friend.*3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，

3、做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a gamewhichis liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)*4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The peoplethat/whocome to visit the cityare all here. (在句子中做主语)(2) Where is the man（that/whom）I saw

4、this morning? (在句子中做宾语)*5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friendwhosefather is a doctor.(2) I lived in a housewhoseroof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroomwhose dooris brokenwill soon be repaired.=The classroomthe door of which is brokenwill soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the boo

5、kwhose color is yellow?=Do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow? *具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：*1） 当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is thereanythingthat I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthat can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That

6、 is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop .那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The firstthing that we should do is to get some food .我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如：My necklace is notthe onlything thats missing .我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词

7、用that ,不用which 或who ，以避免重复。例如：Whois the girlthatis wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：The writerandhis novelthatyou have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 2、只用which不用that的情况：*1) 关系代词前有介词时；e.g. This is the roomin whichLu Xun lived.*2) 非限定性定语从句中；作

8、宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g. That necklace,whichyou gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter,whoworks in a hospital.*3) 先行词本身是that时； e.g. The clock is thatwhichtells the time非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。Charles Smith,whowas my former teacher, retired last year.

9、 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)*4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。He did very well in the competition,whichmade his parents very happy.*关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词

10、一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，That was the roomin whichwe had lived for ten years.= That was the roomwhichwe had livedinfor ten years.*像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she hastaken care of.三、关系副词引导的定语从句*1、when：当主句中

11、的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：Ill never forget the timewhenwe worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the daywhenI left.The dayswhenwe used foreign oil are gone. 我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。Ill never forget the daywhenI was born. (=Il

12、l never forget my birthday.) 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。It happened in Novemberwhenthe weather was wet and cold. 这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句that I always remember in all my life的宾语，that可以省略)*2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语

13、，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：The factorywherehis father works is in the east of the cityThis is the roomwhere (in which)I lived last year. 这就是我去年住过的房间。Is this the classroomwhere(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Lets look f

14、or a placewherewe can swim. 咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。The buildingthatis being built over there will be a new hospital. 正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句that is being built over there的主语)That is the factory(that)they visited last month. 那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句(that) they visited last month的宾语，that可以省略)*注意：不要以为

15、在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如：Dont forget the time(that)Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)Ill never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)He works in a factorythat /which

16、makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)He works in the factorywherehis father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)Thats the reason(that /which )he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语) Thats the reasonwhyshe left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)*英语中的关系副词主要

17、是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way (that/ in which) he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Sunday is a holiday ,whenpeople do not go to work

18、.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。He took us into the classroom ,wherethere were only a few students.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或 theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。He is theonlyoneofthe students who is elected?Jasper isone ofthose people whoknowabout the accident

19、 .定 语 从 句 练 习一、请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test.2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast.4.I have some ideas that may help.5.They said something you didnt like.6.Can you think of any probl

20、ems you have had recently?8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.13.Standing very close to the person

21、you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man _ you

22、went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7.The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8.The man _was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before y

23、esterday.10.These books _ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book_is on the table is mine.16.

24、The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chi

25、nese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_.A. which are listening B. you are listening toC. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday.A. in which B. in that

26、this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited.A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year.A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do

27、 you know the student_?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talkC. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south.A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _?A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it(

28、)10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that（ ）11、Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone（）12、Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）13、Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A

29、.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）14、Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho_inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking（）15、Those_notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn（）16、Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.w

30、hichB.whomC.whoD.that（）17、Hefailedintheexamination,_madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what定语从句专练（一）1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the

31、hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well

32、 visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown thi

33、s year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A

34、. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which1

35、5.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I wen

36、t C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which

37、 B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D.

38、the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A

39、. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after w

40、hich I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is

41、not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used

42、to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever

43、promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _ I

44、 lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B.

45、 following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends

46、 visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which50. All t

47、hat can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been定语从句专练(二)1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign frien

48、ds visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water chang

49、es into ice.A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which