QTZ100塔式起重机简易升降装置设计【水平起重臂架小车变幅上回转自升式多用途塔机最大幅度60m最大起重量8t独立式起升高度43.5m附着式起升高度150m】【说明书+CAD】
QTZ100塔式起重机简易升降装置设计【水平起重臂架小车变幅上回转自升式多用途塔机最大幅度60m最大起重量8t独立式起升高度43.5m附着式起升高度150m】【说明书+CAD】,水平起重臂架,小车变幅,上回转自升式多用途塔机,最大幅度60m,最大起重量8t,独立式起升高度43.5m,附着式起升高度150m,说明书+CAD,QTZ100塔式起重机简易升降装置设计【水平起重臂架,小车变幅,上回转自升式多用途塔机,最大幅度60m,最大起重量8t,独立式起升高度43.5m,附着式起升高度150m】【说明书+CAD】,QTZ100
湖 南 科 技 大 学毕业设计(论文)任务书 机电工程 院 机械设计制造 系(教研室)系(教研室)主任: (签名) 年 月 日学生姓名: 滕张成龙 学号: 1103010116 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 1 设计(论文)题目及专题: 塔式起重机简易升降装置 2 学生设计(论文)时间:自 2015 年 3 月 9 日开始至 2015 年 5 月 29 日止3 设计(论文)所用资源和参考资料:QTZ100塔式起重机安装使用说明书:该机为水平起重臂架,小车变幅,上回转自升式多用途塔机,最大幅度:60m,最大起重量:8t,独立式起升高度:43.5m,附着式起升高度150m。毕业实习或图书馆及网上所搜集的资料相关教材、相关规程规范及相关机械设计手册4 设计(论文)应完成的主要内容:提升方案的比较及确定 吊笼及导轨主体结构的设计钢丝绳的选用起升机构的结构设计 减速器的设计减速器装配图传动系统布置图编写说明书5 提交设计(论文)形式(设计说明与图纸或论文等)及要求:相关图纸,不少于折合0号图2.5张(计算机绘制及打印);编写的设计说明书正文不少于35页(按撰写打印规范打印);相关外文(塔式起重机)英译汉文章一篇(中外对照,不少于2000字) ;刻录光盘一张(含开题报告、设计说明书、图纸、英译汉文章)。6 发题时间: 2015 年 3 月 8 日指导教师: (签名)学 生: (签名)湖 南 科 技 大 学毕业设计(论文)指导人评语主要对学生毕业设计(论文)的工作态度,研究内容与方法,工作量,文献应用,创新性,实用性,科学性,文本(图纸)规范程度,存在的不足等进行综合评价该生在整个毕业设计过程中学习态度端正、认真,能较好地运用所学理论和专业知识解决实验、设计和实际问题;获取资料较为完整、数据可靠、计算准确;能较熟练地利用Proe、AutoCAD等工具进行设计与分析,圆满地完成了某部分塔式起重机简易升降装置的主要结构设计。该生的毕业设计论文条理比较清楚,论点正确、结论合理,图表基本正确,达到了工科毕业生的要求,准予答辩。指导人: (签名)年 月 日 指导人评定成绩: 良 湖 南 科 技 大 学毕业设计(论文)评阅人评语主要对学生毕业设计(论文)的文本格式、图纸规范程度,工作量,研究内容与方法,实用性与科学性,结论和存在的不足等进行综合评价该生设计的部分塔式起重机简易升降装置符合毕业设计大纲要求,设计方案、设计结构以及技术经济指标基本合理;图纸基本正确、规范,撰写的设计说明书论据充分,文理通顺。通过本次毕业设计,表明该同学基本掌握了机械设计、机械制造、Proe软件等方面的基本知识和技能,具有较强的分析与解决问题的能力。该生的毕业设计论文达到了工科毕业生的要求,准予答辩。评阅人: (签名)年 月 日 评阅人评定成绩: 良 湖 南 科 技 大 学毕业设计(论文)答辩记录日期: 学生: 学号: 班级: 题目: 提交毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会下列材料:1 设计(论文)说明书共页2 设计(论文)图 纸共页3 指导人、评阅人评语共页毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会评语:主要对学生毕业设计(论文)的研究思路,设计(论文)质量,文本图纸规范程度和对设计(论文)的介绍,回答问题情况等进行综合评价答辩委员会主任: (签名)委员: (签名)(签名)(签名)(签名) 答辩成绩: 总评成绩: 8湖 南 科 技 大 学毕业设计开题报告学 院: 机电工程 专 业: 机械设计制造及自动化 学 号: 1103010116 姓 名: 滕张成龙 指导老师: 谷金良 日 期: 2015.03 湖南科技大学2015届毕业设计(论文)开题报告题 目 塔式起重机简易升降装置作者姓名滕张成龙学号1103010116所学专业机械设计制造及其自动化1、 研究的意义,同类研究工作国内外现状、存在问题(列出主要参考文献) 塔式起重机是建筑施工中必不可少的机械设备之一,但据观察学校周边,以及湘潭市周边十多处施工场地,发现塔式起重机的作业人员目前基本靠徒手攀爬上下机作业 。这样做工人劳动强度大,准备时间长,易造成不必要的身体疲劳、影响工作状态,很不符合人性化的设计标准,尤其是中高空的塔式起重机.。 为了改善这种状况,减轻工作人员的负担,节省工作准备时间,提高工作质量。本设计通过对塔式起重机塔身结构的分析、结合各类提升装置的特点,设计出一种依附于塔式起重机内部,专供塔式起重机工作人员上下机使用的简易升降装置。 2、 研究目标、内容和拟解决的关键问题(根据任务要求进一步具体化) 研究目标:根据塔式起重机的内部结构完成升降装置的主要结构设计。 课题主要研究内容: 1.传动方式的选择比较及确定 2.吊笼及导轨的主体结构设计 3.钢丝绳的选用 4.电动机的选择 5.卷筒的选择计算 6.减速器传动的分配计算 7.减速器运动和动力参数计算 8.减速器齿轮设计计算 9.减速器轴的设计计算 10.联轴器的选择计算3、 特色与创新之处 1.荷载一人的超简易升降装置 2.结合塔式起重机结构,依附于塔式起重机内部的载人升降装置4、 拟采取的研究方法、步骤、技术路线提升方案的比较及确定 吊笼及导轨主体结构的设计钢丝绳的选用起升机构的结构设计 减速器的设计减速器装配图传动系统布置图编写说明书5、 拟使用的主要设计、分析软件及仪器设备 CAD电脑制图,A0、A3、A4纸,手绘作图工具等6、参考文献 1 濮良贵.纪名刚.机械设计.8版.北京:高等教育出版社.2006. 2 任济生.马克新.唐道武.机械设计机械设计基础课程设计.江苏.中国矿业大学出版社.2008 3 潘存云.机械原理.2版.长沙.中南大学出版社.2013 4 中国矿业学院.矿井提升设备.北京.煤炭工业出版社.1980 5 李必文.胡华荣.机械精度设计与检测.2版.长沙.中南大学出版社.2012 6 俆灏.机械设计手册.第3卷.第4卷.北京.机械工业出版社.1991 7 高志.黄纯颖.机械创新设计.北京.高等教育出版社.2010注:1、开题报告是本科生毕业设计(论文)的一个重要组成部分。学生应根据毕业设计(论文)任务书的要求和文献调研结果,在开始撰写论文之前写出开题报告。2、参考文献按下列格式(A为期刊,B为专著)A:序号、作者(外文姓前名后,名缩写,不加缩写点,3人以上作者只写前3人,后用“等”代替。)、题名、期刊名(外文可缩写,不加缩写点)年份、卷号(期号):起止页码。B:序号、作者、书名、版次、(初版不写)、出版地、出版单位、出版时间、页码。3、表中各项可加附页。3塔式起重机塔式起重机动臂装在高耸塔身上部的旋转起重机。作业空间大,主要用于房屋建筑施工中物 料的垂直和水平输送及建筑构件的安装。由金属结构、工作机构和电气系统三部分组 成。金属结构包括塔身、动臂和底座等。工作机构有起升、变幅、回转和行走四部分。电气系统包括电动机、控制器、配电柜、连接线路、信号及照明装置等。 塔式起重机简称塔机,亦称塔吊,起源于西欧。据记载,第一项有关建筑用塔机 专利颁发于 1900 年。1905 年出现了塔身固定的装有臂架的起重机,1923 年制成了 近代塔机的原型样机,同年出现第一台比较完整的近代塔机。1930 年当时德国已开 始批量生产塔机,并用于建筑施工。1941 年,有关塔机的德国工业标准 DIN8770 公 布。该标准规定以吊载(t)和幅度(m)的乘积(tm)一起以重力矩表示塔机的起重能力。 我国的塔机行业于 20 世纪 50 年代开始起步,相对于中西欧国家由于建筑业疲软 造成的塔机业的不景气, 上海波赫驱动系统有限公司我国的塔机业正处于一个迅速 的发展时期。 从塔机的技术发展方面来看,虽然新的产品层出不穷,新产品在生产效能、操作 简便、保养容易和运行可靠方面均有提高,但是塔机的技术并无根本性的改变。塔机 的研究正向着组合式发展。所谓的组合式,就是以塔身结构为核心,按结构和功能特 点,将塔身分解成若干部分,并依据系列化和通用化要求,遵循模数制原理再将各部 分划分成若干模块。根据参数要求,选用适当模块分别组成具有不同技术性能特征的 塔机,以满足施工的具体需求。推行组合式的塔机有助于加快塔机产吕开发进度,节 省产品开发费用,并能更好的为客户服务。 塔机分为上回转塔机和下回转塔机两大类。其中前者的承载力要高于后者,在许 多的施工现场我们所见到的就是上回转式上顶升加节接高的塔机。按能否移动又分 为:走行式和固定式。固定式塔机塔身固定不转,安装在整块混凝土基础上,或装设 在条形式 X 形混凝土基础上。在房屋的施工中一般采用的是固定式的。 设备特点和安全装置 塔式起重机的动臂形式分水平式和压杆式两种。动臂为水平式时,载重小车沿水 平动臂运行变幅,变幅运动平衡,其动臂较长,但动臂自重较大。动臂为压杆式时, 变幅机构曳引动臂仰俯变幅,变幅运动不如水平式平稳,但其自重较小。 为了确保安全,塔式起重机具有良好的安全装置,如起重量、幅度、高度和载荷 力矩等限制装置,以及行程限位开关、塔顶信号灯、测风仪、防风夹轨器、爬梯护身 圈、走道护栏等。司机室要求舒适、操作方便、视野好和有完善的通讯设备。 塔式起重机的检验产要点 (1) 检查金属结构情况特别是高强度的螺栓,它的连接表面应清除灰尘、油漆、 没迹和锈蚀,并且使用力矩手或专用扳手,按装配技术要求拧紧。(2) 检查各机构传动系统,包括各工作传动机构的轴承间隙是否合适,齿轮啮合 是不是良好及制动器是否灵敏。 (3) 检查钢丝绳及滑轮的磨损情况,固定是否可靠。 (4) 检查电气元件是否良好,名接触点的闭合程度,接续是否正确和可靠。 (5) 检查行走轮与轨道接触是否良好,夹轨钳是否可靠。装设附着装置、内爬装 置时,各连接螺栓及夹块是否牢固可靠。 常用塔机 以下分几个方面来具体介绍房建中常用的塔机。 (1) 、塔机的金属结构 塔机的金属结构由起重臂、塔身、转台、承座、平衡臂、底架、塔尖等组成。 起重臂构造型式为小车变幅水平臂架,再往下分又有单吊点、双吊点和起重臂与 平衡臂连成一体的锤头式小车变幅水平臂架。单吊点是静定结构,双吊点是超静定结 构。锤头式小车变幅水平臂架,装设于塔身顶部,状若锤头,塔身如锤柄,不设塔尖, 故又叫平头式。平头式的使结构形式更简单,更有利于受力,减轻自重,简化构造等 优点。小车变幅臂架大都采用正三角形的截面。 塔身结构也称塔架,是塔机结构的主体。现今塔机均采用方形断面,断面尺寸应 用较广的有:1.2m1.2m、1.4m1.4m、1.6m1.6m、2.0m2.0m;塔身标准节常 用尺寸是 2.5m 和 3m。塔身标准节采用的联接方式,应用最广的是盖板螺栓联接和 套柱螺栓联接,其次是承插销轴联接和插板销轴联接。标准节有整体式塔身标准节和 拼装式塔身标准节,后者加工精度高,制作难,但是堆放占地小,运费少。塔身节内 必须设置爬梯,以便司机及机工上下。爬梯宽度不宜小于 500mm,梯步间距不大于 300mm,每 500mm 设一护圈。当爬梯高度超过 10m 时,梯子应分段转接,在转接 处加设一道休息平台。 塔尖的功能是承受臂架拉绳及平衡臂拉绳传来的上部荷载,并通过回转塔架、转 台、承座等的结构部件式直接通过转台传递给塔身结构。自升塔顶有截锥柱式、前倾 或后倾截锥柱式、人字架式及斜撑架式。 凡是上回转塔机均需设平衡重,其功能是支承平衡重,用以构成设计上所要求的 作用方面与起重力矩方向相反的平衡力矩。除平衡重外,还常在其尾部装设起升机构。 起升机构之所以同平衡重一起安放在平衡臂尾端,一则可发挥部分配重作用,二则增 大绳卷筒与塔尖导轮间的距离,以利钢丝绳的排绕并避免发生乱绳现象。平衡重的用 量与平衡臂的长度成反比关系,而平衡臂长度与起重臂长度之间又存在一定比例关 系。平衡重的用量相当可观,轻型塔机一般至少要 34t,重型的要近 30t。平衡重 可用铸铁或钢筋混凝土制成:前者加工费用高但迎风面积小;后者体积大迎风面大对 稳定性不利,但简单经济,故一般均采用这种。通常的做法是将平衡重预制区分成 2 3 种规格,宽度、厚度一致,但高度加以调整,以便与 不同长度臂架匹配使用。 (2) 、塔机的零部件 每台塔机都要用许多种起重零部件,其中数量最大,技术要求严而规格繁杂的是 钢丝绳。塔机用的钢丝绳按功能不同有:起升钢丝绳,变幅钢丝绳,臂架拉绳,平衡 臂拉绳,小车牵引绳等。钢丝绳的特点是:整根的强度高,而且整根断面一样大小, 强度一致,自重轻,能承受震动荷载,弹性大,能卷绕成盘,能在高速下平衡运动, 并且无噪声,磨损后其外皮会产生许多毛刺,易于发现并便于及时处置。钢丝绳通常 由一股股直径为 0.30.4mm 细钢丝搓成绳股,再由股捻成绳。塔机用的是交互捻, 特点是不易松散和扭转。就绳股截面形状而言,高层建筑施工用塔机以采用多股不扭 转钢丝绳最为适宜,此种钢丝绳由两层绳股组成同,两层绳股捻制方向相反,采用旋 转力矩平衡的原理捻制而成,受力时自由端不发生扭转。塔机起升钢丝绳及变幅钢丝 绳的安全系数一般取为 56,小车牵引绳和臂架拉绳的安全系数取为 3,塔机电梯升降 绳安全系数不得小于 10。钢丝绳的安全系数是不可缺少的安全储备系数,绝不可凭 借这种安全储备面擅自提高钢丝绳的最大允许安全荷载。由于钢丝绳的重要性,必须 加强对钢丝绳的定期全面检查,贮存于干燥面封闭的、有木地板或沥青混凝土地面的 仓库内,以免腐蚀,装卸时不要损坏表面,堆放时要竖立安置。对钢丝绳进行系统润 滑可以提高使用寿命。 变幅小车是水平臂架塔机必备的部件。整套变幅小车由车架结构、钢丝绳、滑轮、 行轮、导向轮、钢丝绳承托轮、钢丝绳防脱辊、小车牵引绳张紧器及断绳保险器等组 成。对于特长水平臂架(长度在 50m 以上),在变幅小车一侧随挂一个检修吊篮,可载 维修有员往各检修点进行维修和保养。作业完后,小车驶回臂架根部,使吊篮与变幅 小车脱钩,固定在臂架结构上的专设支座处。 其它的零部件还有滑轮,回转支承,吊钩和制动器等。 (3) 、塔机的工作机构 塔机的工作机构有五种:起升机构、变幅机构、小车牵引机构、回转机构和大车 走行机构(行走式的塔机)。 (4) 、塔机的电气设备 塔机的主要电气设备包括: 电缆卷筒-中央集电环; 电动机; 操作电动机用的电器,如:控制器、主令控制器、接触器和继电器。 保护电器,如:自动熔断器,过电流继电器和限位开关等。 主副回路中的控制、切换电器,如:按钮、开关和仪表等。 属于辅助电气设备的有:照明灯、信号灯、电铃等。 (5) 、塔机的液压系统 塔机液压系统中的主要元器件是液压泵、液压油缸、控制元件、油管和管接头、 油箱和液压油滤清器等。 液压泵和液压马达是液压系统中最为复杂的部分,液压泵把油吸入并通过管道输 送给液压缸或液压马达,从而使液压缸或马达得以进行正常运作。液压泵可以看成是 液压和心脏,是液压的能量来源。我国的塔机液压顶升系统采用的液压泵大都是 CBG 型齿轮泵,CB 不齿轮的代号, 赫格隆 G 为固定的轴向间隙,工作压力为 12。5 16MPa。 液压缸是液压系统的执行元件。从功能上来看,液压缸与液压马达同是所工作油 流的压力能转变为机械能的转换装置。不同的是液压马达是用于旋转运动,而液压是 用于直线运动。 一个液压顶升接高的全过程是: 移动平衡重,使塔身不受不平衡力矩,起重臂就位,朝向与引进轨道方位相同 并加以锁定,吊运一个塔身标准节安放在摆渡小车上; 顶升; 定位销就位并锁定,提起活塞杆,在套架中形成引进空间; 引进标准节; 提起标准节,推出摆渡小车; 使标准节就位,安装联接螺栓; 微微向上顶升,拔出定位锁使过渡节与已接高的塔身联固成一体。 (6) 、塔机的安全装置 安全装置是塔机必不可少的关键设备之一,可以分为:限位开关(限位器);超负荷 保险器(超载断电装置);缓冲止挡装置;钢丝绳防脱装置;风速计;紧急安全开关;安全保 护音响信号。 限位开关按功能有:吊钩行程限位开关,回转限位开关,小车行程限位开关,大 车行程限位开关。 (7) 、塔机的防倾翻规定 严禁超载运行;不得斜牵重物;不许猛然急制动;禁止在大风中运行吊运作业;工作 班后,必须把夹轨器夹紧,以防大风将塔机吹动溜出轨道。 (8) 、自升式塔机的附着锚固 当自升式塔机在达到其自由高度继续向上顶升接高时,为了增强其稳定系数保持 起重能力,必须通过锚固附着于建筑结构上。附着层次与施工层建筑总高度、塔机和 塔身结构、塔身自由高度有关。一般来说,设置 2 道锚固着墨已可满足需要。在建筑 物上的附着点的选择要注意:两附着加固定点之间的距离适当;固定点应设置在丁字 墙和外墙转角处;对框架结构,附着点宜布在靠近柱的根部;布置在靠近楼板处以利传 力和安装。 要保证塔机的安全使用和取得比较长的使用寿命,必须对它进行润滑、故障排除、 定期保养与零部件的检修。 我国塔式起重机行业的发展 50 年代初,我国塔机由仿制开始起步,1954 年仿制东德建筑师型塔机;60 年代自行设计制造了 25tm、40tm、60tm 几种机型,多以动臂式为主;70 年代,随 着高层建筑的增多,对施工机械提出了新的要求,于是,160tm 附着式、45tm 内爬 式、120tm 自升式等塔机相继问世;自上世纪 80 年代以来,我国塔机行业得到快速 发展,尤其近几年,塔机销量持续攀高,2001 年行业统计销量 9738 台,2002 年成 为世界上首个塔机年产量突破 10000 台的国家。2004 年,由于宏观调控作用以及起 重机行业的结构调整,塔机的产销量有所回落,2005、2006 年,在经济高速增长的 强力拉动下,我国塔机的产销恢复高速增长,2006 年销量已超过 2 万台。 因为行业统计只统计了二三十家生产企业的销量,全行业销量肯定远远超过统计 数字。勿庸置疑,我国已成为世界民用塔机的生产大国,也是世界塔机主要需求市场 之一。据初步统计,目前我国取得生产许可证的塔机生产厂达 400 余家,而 80 年代 还不足 100 家。 Tower CraneBoom mounted on the upper part of the rotation of the tall tower crane. Operating a large space, mainly used for housing construction materials in the vertical and horizontal transportation and installation of building components. From the metal structure, working bodies and the electrical system consists of three parts. Metal structure including the tower moving arms and base and so on. The work of organizations including lifting,luffing, slewing and walking four parts. Electrical systems including motors, controllers, power distribution cabinets, connection lines, signals and lighting devices. Short tower crane tower crane, also known as tower crane, originated in Western Europe. According to records, the first tower crane used in construction related to the patent granted in 1900. Emerged in 1905 with a fixed jib tower crane, and in 1923 produced the prototype of modern tower crane, in the same year the first relatively complete modern tower crane. 1930, when Germany began mass production of tower cranes, and used for building construction. In 1941, the tower crane industry standard DIN8770 published in Germany. The standard provides for crane set (t) and amplitude (m) of the product (tm) together to re-torque, said the tower crane lifting capacity. China tower crane industry in the 20th century, 50 years started, as opposed to the Western European countries due to weakness in the construction industry caused by the tower crane industry in recession, Shanghai Poch Drive System Co., Ltd. tower crane industry in China is in a rapid period of development . From the tower crane in terms of technological development, while an endless stream of new products, new products in the production efficiency, easy operation, and maintenance easier and more reliable operation in the increase in the tower crane, but there is no fundamental change in the technology. The tower crane research is towards modular development. The so-called modular, that is, to the tower structure as the core, according to structural and functional characteristics of the shaft broken down into several parts, and on the basis of seriation and general requirements, follow the modulus of the various parts of the system theory and then divided into a number of modules. According to parameters required, choose the appropriate modules were grouped with different performance characteristics of the tower crane technology to meet the specific needs of the construction. The implementation of modular tower crane tower crane production capacity will help to speed up the development progress of Lu, save product development costs, and better for customer service. Slewing tower crane be divided into upper and lower rotary tower crane tower crane two broad categories. In which the carrying capacity of the former than the latter, in many we have seen the construction site is on a rotary festival add up on top of a high tower crane access. According to whether the move is further divided into: walking a line, and fixed. Fixed the fixed tower crane tower do not switch installed in the concrete block foundation, or installed in the form of X-shaped concrete foundation. In the housing construction generally use a fixed style. Device characteristics and safety devices Tower crane boom and struts form of sub-horizontal type two kinds. For the horizontal boom, the load car runs along the level luffing boom, luffing movement balance, its long boom, but the greater weight boom. Boom for the strut-type when the tractor boom luffing mechanism Pitch amplitude, amplitude motion than horizontal steady, but its relatively small weight. In order to ensure the safety of tower crane has a good safety device, such as starting weight, range, height and load torque constraints such devices, as well as the travel limit switches, tower lights, wind instrument, wind clip-rail device, Ladders and athletic supporter circle, walkways and railings. Drivers cab demand for comfort, easy operation, good vision and good communications equipment. Production points of the inspection of tower cranes (1) Check the structural condition of metal, especially high-strength bolts, which connect the surface to be cleared of dust, paint, no trace, and rust, and the use of hand or special torque wrench, according to assembly requirements tightened. (2) Check the transmission of various agencies, including the work of transmission suitability of the bearing clearance, the gear mesh is not good and the brake is sensitive. (3) Check the wear of steel wire rope and pulleys, fixed is reliable. (4) Check the electrical components are good contact points of the closure were the extent of follow-correct and reliable. (5) Check whether the running wheel and rail access to good, clip-rail clamp is reliable. The installation of attachment devices, within the climbing device, the connecting bolts and the clip block is solid and reliable. Used tower craneThe following specific description in several aspects of the tower crane used room Jianzhong. (A) , the tower crane metal structureThe metal structure is composed of tower crane boom, tower, turret, bearings, balance arm, chassis, composed of apex. Construction boom level luffing jib type of car, and then have a single hanging point down the minutes, double-hanging point and the lifting arm and balance arm fused hammerhead-type level luffing jib car. Single hanging point is statically determinate structure, twin-lift point is statically indeterminate structure. Hammerhead-type trolley level luffing jib installed at the tower top Zhuangruo hammer, shaft, such as hammer handle, no spire, it is also known as flat head style. Flat-style of making structure simpler and more conducive to the force, to reduce weight and simplify construction and so on. Most used car luffing jib equilateral triangle cross-section. Tower structure, also known as the tower is the main body of the tower crane structure. Now adopt a square cross-section of tower crane, application of a broader cross-section dimensions are: 1.2m 1.2m, 1.4m 1.4m, 1.6m 1.6m, 2.0m 2.0m; tower section used the standard size is 2.5m and the 3m. Tower sections used in the standard connection method is to cover the most widely used set of stud bolt connection and connection, followed by the pin connection and flashboard pin socket connection. Standards Section has the overall standards of style tower-type tower sections and assembled the standard sections, the latter high precision machining, production difficult, but the stacking area is small, less freight. Ladder tower section must be set so that driver and mechanic from top to bottom. Ladder width of not less than 500mm, ladder step spacing of not more than 300mm, set up a guard ring for each 500mm. When the ladder height of more than 10m, the ladder should be sub-switching, the switching office to install a closed platform. Spire function is to bear arm and balance arm Cord Cord coming from the upper load, and through rotating tower, turret, bearings and other structural components-style passing directly through the turret to the tower structure. Since l have truncated conical tower column, forward or backward truncated cone column, Renzi Jia style and bracing Shelf. Any slewing tower cranes are required to set up a balance weight, its function is to balance the weight bearing, which constitute the design required by the role of torque in the opposite direction and lifting the balance of torque. In addition to balance the weight, but also often installed in its rear lifting mechanism. Lifting bodies are placed, together with the balance weight arm in balancing the tail end of a re-allocation of the Department can play a role, two rope reel and the spire increase the distance between the guide wheel to facilitate the rope around and avoid the occurrence of emission the phenomenon of chaos rope. Balance the weight and balance amount is inversely proportional to the relationship between the length of the arm, while the balance of arm length and boom there is a certain percentage of the length of the relationship in between. Balance the considerable amount of heavy, light tower crane usually at least 3 4t, heavy to almost 30t. Balance weight can be made of cast iron or reinforced concrete: the high cost of the former process, but the small size wind; the latter were large in size to the stability of the windward big negative, but the simple economy, it is generally use this. The usual practice is to balance the emphasis on pre-divided into 2 http:/www.pohu-drive.com 3 kinds of specifications, width, thickness of the same, but the height should be adjusted to match the use of different arm lengths. (B), the tower crane spare parts Each tower crane must be used in many kinds of lifting parts, of which the largest number of technical requirements are strict and complicated rope specifications. Tower crane wire rope used in accordance with different functions are: lifting wire rope, rope luffing, jib ropes, balance the arm ropes, trolleys and other traction rope. Steel wire rope is characterized by: the entire root, high strength, but also the whole root sections, the size of the same intensity, light weight, able to withstand shock loads, flexible enough to winding into a disk, can be balanced at high speed movement, and no noise, wear and tear After the skin will produce a number of glitches, easy to detect and facilitate the timely disposal. Steel wire rope is usually a Unit diameter 0.3 0.4mm thin twisted wire strand, and then twisted into rope by the Unit. Tower crane is used in interactive twist, is characterized by loose and difficult to reverse. On the strand cross-sectional shapes, the high-rise building construction with the tower crane to adopt the multi-strand rope is not reversed, the most appropriate, such a wire rope consists of two layers composed of the same strand, two strand twisting in the opposite direction, using the principle of rotating torque balance twist crafted by force does not occur when the free end of the reverse. Hoisting Tower Crane luffing rope and wire rope safety factor usually taken to be 5 6, car towing rope, and boom Cord of the safety factor of 3, tower crane lifts Lifting Sheng An all-coefficient of not less than 10. Steel wire rope safety factor is indispensable for security reserve factor, by virtue of this security must not be arbitrarily raised the rope reserves face the maximum allowable safe load. Because of the importance of steel wire rope, we must strengthen the comprehensive inspection of wire rope on a regular basis, stored in dry closed surface, there are wooden floors or asphalt concrete warehouse floor to prevent corrosion, loading and unloading not to damage the surface of the pile when placed erect. Systematic lubrication of the rope can increase the service life. Luffing jib tower crane trolley is the level of essential parts. Change car set by the frame structure, steel wire rope, pulleys, line wheels, guide wheels, steel wire rope supporting the wheel, steel wire rope anti-roll off, car towing rope tensioning device and the broken rope composed of insurance, etc. For the talent level of boom (more than 50m in length) in amplitude with the car at the side of an overhaul hanging baskets may contain members of the maintenance and repair of all maintenance points to the repair and maintenance. Job finished, the roots boom car driven across the border to make baskets with luffing car separated from the structure fixed to the boom supports the dedicated office. Other parts are wheels, slewing ring, hook and brakes and so on. (C), the tower crane working body The tower crane working body there are five: hoisting mechanism, varying from agencies, car towing agencies, institutions and carts Traveling rotary body (walking style tower crane). (D), the tower crane electrical equipment The main tower crane electrical equipment including: * Cable Reels - Central collector ring; * Motor; * Operation of electrical motors, such as: controller, master controller, contactors and relays. Protection of electrical appliances, such as: automatic fuses, overcurrent relays and limit switches. * Vice-loop in the main control switch electrical appliances, such as: buttons, switches and meters. There are auxiliary electrical equipment: lights, lights, bells and so on. (5) , tower cranes hydraulic system Tower crane hydraulic systems main components are hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, control components, tubing and fittings, fuel tank and hydraulic oil filters and so on. Hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor is a hydraulic system of the most complex part of the oil suction pump through the pipeline to the hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinder or motor so that normal operation can be carried out. Hydraulic and hydraulic pump can be seen as the heart, is the hydraulic energy source. Our tower crane hydraulic jacking system, hydraulic pumps are mostly used in CB-G-type gear pump, CB does not gear code, Hagglunds G for a fixed axial gap, the working pressure of 12. 5 16MPa. Hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic system of the implementation of the components. From the functional point of view, hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors of the same pressure of working oil flow can be transformed into mechanical energy conversion device. The difference is that hydraulic motor is used for rotary movement, while the hydraulic pressure is used for linear motion. Then a high hydraulic jacking the whole process is: * Mobile balance weight, so that the tower is not unbalanced moment, lifting arm in place, towards the same direction with the introduction of the track and be locked, lifting a standard tower section placed in a small car ferry; * Jacking; * Pin in place and locked, when you mention piston rod, in the set of planes in the formation of the introduction of space;* The introduction of standard knots; * Standard section brought the introduction of car ferry; the standard section in place, install the bolts; * Slightly upward jacking, pull out the lock position to make the transition Festival and has received high tower together into one solid. (6), tower crane safety devices Safety device is essential for the tower crane, one of the key equipment, can be divided into: limit switch (stopper); overload Insurance devices (overload power plant); buffer only block devices; steel wire rope anti-off device; anemometer ; emergency safety switch; security audio signal. Limit switches according to the functions are: hook travel limit switch, rotary limit switches, trolley travel limit switch, carts travel limit switch. (G), the provisions of the tower crane anti-tipping Non-overloading operation; not oblique pull heavy loads; not allowed to suddenly emergency braking; prohibit running wind lifting operations; working class, must be clip-rail clamping device to prevent the wind blowing the tower crane slipped out of orbit. (8) , since the l-type tower crane attachment anchor When the self-climbing
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