学生初中英语完形填空解题技巧

《学生初中英语完形填空解题技巧》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《学生初中英语完形填空解题技巧（13页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、文档来源为: 从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持初中英语完形填空解题技巧考察要素：篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。首先明确解题的步骤：一：解题步骤?跳读全文，掌握大意。（首句和尾句）?瞻前顾后，灵活答题。（运用各种策略）?复读全文，核实答案。A:词汇、语法、惯用法是否合理？B:句型结构是否完整，搭配是否有误？C:句

2、子是否流畅？D:上下行文、前后逻辑关系是否一致？F:全文是否紧凑，中心突出，浑然一体？二：解题策略（5个方面着手）1：词义辨析例如：Whentheteachercameintotheclassroo，mourmonitorspokeinaloud，“Standup!”A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shoutManypeoplethinkthatmoretimeisspent,moreworkwillbedone.Sostudentshaveto_36_thewholedaydoinghomeworkexceptduringthethreemeals.（）36.A.buyB.getC

3、.spendD.take2：各种词语搭配（形容词与名词搭配；副词与动词搭配；介词短语搭配；动词短语搭配；固定短语等）。注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：lookfor,lookover,lookout,lookafter,lookup等:因词组而构成的常见的句式：Itfeels+形容词+不定式。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。1) Heresafellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimselfsomuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of2)Andvideocamerascanbeusedtopeoplesactionsathome.A

4、.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch3. 语法判定(考察语法知识点)(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致b.动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。c.选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。d.选择代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。e选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。1. 通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时

5、文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：Youshouldnthaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasnthisfault.2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.通过反义词猜词，一是看表

6、转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义5. 例如：Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.f.选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装a.句子的种类包括陈述旬、疑问旬、祈使旬和感叹何。一般以考查疑问旬、感叹句的词序为多见，

7、其次是祈使句的零时态等。b.句子的类型有简单句、并列旬、复合旬和并列复合旬。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法a择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsome

8、otherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.4. 上下文逻辑关系一般的解题过程是：（ 1） .通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。（ 2）

9、 .瞻前顾后，分析先行。提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1）Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.ButinsomeplacesitisveryA.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2) MrsONeillaskedquestionsandshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.moreand是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。3) IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwasl

10、astinLondonIstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as根据句前的manyyears和旬后的stillremember答案应选表示转折的连词but.3） .反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。eg: 1Li Bin isat Chinese. But he isn t good at EnglishA. wellB. fineC.

11、 niceD.good5文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑dontliketomatoes，buthe_.Hedoesntlikesalad，_do. My father _broccoli，but my _ _ doesnt A. doB. doesC. likeD.likes A. butB. andC. orD.for A.likesB.haveC. likeD.does A. friendlB. sisterC. motherD.uncle4：文化背景以及生活常识（历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等）文档来源为: 从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持(Immed

12、iately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest5：验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：文章是否顺畅；所填单词是否是最佳单词；所填单词是否有拼写错误。1、：(1) Manyoldpeopledonthavegood.TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time(2) Somepartsofthewaterareverysh

13、allow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2：Washingtonwasnamed_GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after(3) .：(4) .：三：解题误区做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树

14、不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑不太明白的。四：复习建议1：熟悉语法，培养“完整的句子意识”。2.坚持在阅读的基础上锻炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的能力。4.科学选材，有效训练。体裁多样，题材丰富，语言生动地道，具有一定的教育性和趣味性。篇幅长度适中，布空合理，各考点均衡分布。课堂练习：(1)利用上下文语境选择。leafthenlargelearnonesgrowthickhasmeanfirsteasybeginEverybodylovesoranges.Theyare

15、sweetandjuicy.Theyreinsections,soitistoeatthem.Someorangesdonothaveanyseeds.Somehaveaskin,andsomehaveathinskin.InNewYork,onaFridaynight,ayoungartiststoodatthegateofatrainstation.Hewasplayinghis_16_.Hismusicwassogreatthatmanypeopleputmoneyintohishat.Thenextday,theyoungartistcametothesameplace,andplay

16、edtheviolinasusual.16.A.pianoB.guitarC.violinD.saxOnceakingwaswalkingaroundapoolwithhisministers(大臣).Suddenly,hecameupwithanidea.Heasked,“Howmanybasketsof41arethereinthepool?”.asbigasthepool,thereisonebasketofwater41.A.fishB.flowersC.waterD.apples(2)根据文化背景和常识选择。leafthenlargelearnonesgrowthickhasmean

17、firsteasybeginInEnglish,orangebothafruitandacolor.Weusethenameofthefruitforthecolor.1 .MrBlackisadoctor,heworksinthe.2 .Anursenotonlyworksintheday,butalsoworksduringthe.3 .Heisratherbusy,sohehastimetohavelunchathome.4 .WehaveanEnglishtestthisterm,itsveryeasy,moststudentscanthistest.5 .Thewholeclassw

18、enttothezooyesterday,theywereverytiredhappy.(3) 单词辨义和固定搭配。Itcosts3.70foradults,2forchildrenand_43_foroversixtiesandschoolgroups.()43.A.littleB.fewC.lessD.fewer(4) 句子结构和逻辑推理。Scientistsalso48thatloud,fastmusicmakespeopleeatfaster.Infact,people49theirfoodfasterwhenthemusicgetsfaster.Somerestaurantsplay

19、fastmusicduringtheir50hours.Thisgetspeopletoeatfasterandleavequickly.Restaurants51makespendevenless.()48.A.thinkB.hopeC.realizeD.believeD. make()49.A.cookB.orderC.eat()50. A. freeB. busy C. happy D. sad11文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑()51. A. canB.shouldC.cantD.needntWhenwetalked,Idiscovered(发现)somediffere

20、ncesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle44_thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.44. A. shorterB. longerC. earlierD. LaterMymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”Ithought sound was very important to us as hum

21、ans，so I said “ My17 ，Mommy”ShesaidNo.Manypeoplearedeaf(聋的)17. A. earsB. eyesC. bodyD. head(5) 根据句子所缺成分选择play activityfavoritealso andstoplifeexample happenbut newmake60.Forexample,learningcan_59whenyougotoamuseum.Itcanhappenwhenyougetajob.Youlearnwhenyou_61.asportorwhenyoutakeatrip.(6)根据上下文语境Howcan

22、youthinkinEnglish?Ithinkthebestwayistopracticeaswhatafootballplayerdoeseveryday.Duringthe_46_thefootballplayerwillpasstheballtohisteammatesoverandoveragain.Sohewonthaveto_47_passingtheballinthegame,hewilljustdoit.()46.A.practiceB.breakC.gameD.day()47.A.waitforB.thinkaboutC.lookatD.giveup(7)根据文化背景和常识

23、IdugadeepholenexttotherockandIdugasmallincline(斜坡)uptotherockandtherock63downintotheholebyitself.()63.A.layB.droppedC.walkedD.ran(8)根据单词词义和固定搭配Butthatwinterthecoldweatherkilledallthewormsbecausehehadnot38theminawarmplace.()38.A.caughtB.foundC.hiddenD.PutWhentwopeopleareinaconversation,thespeakerwill

24、onlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattention48whatheorsheisspeaking-48.A.forB.ofC.withD.toInthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea48thatman.48. A. withB. to C. as D. of9）根据句子结构和逻

25、辑推理47youareinagroupofsixormorepeople,we48giveyouaspecialguidedtourofthecentre.Butyou49toarrange传Sethisattheinformationdeskwhenyou50()B.IfC.BecauseD.Until()48.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.haveto() B. like C. hopeD. needB. arrive C. leaveD. travel10）根据上下文语境Heboughtmoreworms,whichhetookgoodcareof.Whenwintercam

26、e,hetooktheminside40theywouldstaywarm：Manypeopleboughthisworms：()40. A. beforeB. untilC. thoughD. so11）根据文化背景和常识Thestudentshadalookattheirworkbooksandtheir35turnedredatonce：()35：A：facesB：nosesC：necksD：hands12）根据词义与固定搭配Imbecomingmoreandmoreinteres_t_ed25_physics,andhavedecidedthatIMontreal or Ottawaw

27、antto_26_itatuniversity：Imgoingtotrytogoto_27University,asboth_28_supposedtohavegoodPhysicsDepartments：)25. A. inB. withC. atD. from)26： A： make B： discoverC： study D： keep)27. A. neither B. eitherC. bothD. only)28： A： have B： hasC. areD. is13）根据句子逻辑Whydopeopleshakehands_5_4_shakingfeet?Thisisbecaus

28、eofthefactthatalongtimeagomostpeople_55_knivesorguns.Ifsomeofthemdecidedthattheydid not want to56_,theywouldshowtheiremptyhands._57_peopleshookhandssothattheycouldnot_58_knivesintheirsleeves(子)：Lateron,hand-shakingbecameasymbolof_59_:.)54.A.suchasB.aswellasC.insteadofD.togetherwith)55.A.lost)56.A.ch

29、eat)57.A.Perhaps)58.A.hide)59：A：successB：boughtC：caughtD：carriedB：fightC：dropD：speakB：HappilyC：CarefullyD：LuckilyB：liftC：pullD：pushB：victoryC：prideD：peace【例题解析】文档来源为: 从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.1完形填空：阅读下面短文，选出最佳答案：“Ringringthetelephonesuddenlyrang.Samgotuptothecall.Itwashisaunt.“S2am,areyoustillathom

30、e?”sheaskedsurprisingly.Sam1ookedattheclock.Itwasalready7:30a.m.“Oh,mygoodness!Theresanimportant3today,”Samshoutedout.Hehurriedtowashhisfaceandget4.Whenhewasgoingtoleavethehouse,he5thathehadnotputawayhisbooks.Heranquicklytothe6andputthemintothebag.Hethenwenttothebusstoptogotoschoolas7ashecould.Whenh

31、egotintotheclassroom,hisclassmateswere8writing.“Whyareyouso9?”askedtheteacher.“Imsorry,sir,”Samanswegred,afraidoflookin10.“Itwasmyclock.It11towakemeupthismorningand”“Dontsayanythingaboutit,”histeac1h2erhim.“Donttrytocomelatenexttime!”Samsaidyesandwalkedtohis13quickly.Butwhenhetriedtodothepaper,hecou

32、ldnot14inarightway.Heputhisheadonthedeskandsaid,15“Whatadayithasbeenforme!”1.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual13文档收集于互联网，已整理，word 版本可编辑