高考英语总复习公开课时态与语态

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1、高考英语总复习公开课时态与语态教学目标 1. 了解动词时态语态的主要考点. 2. 熟悉高考常考语态的构成和时间状语. 3. 掌握各种时态的基本用法.高考语法复习动词时态与语态第1页/共32页The Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your

2、 age, he_ (be) President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow第2页/共32页时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、 过去将来时等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。第3页/共32页 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道

3、。 命题思路有三种：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般将来时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。一、命题特点第4页/共32页 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。 命题思路有三种：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间

4、状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般将来时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。一、命题特点第5页/共32页 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再

5、根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。二、应考策略第6页/共32页 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。二、应考策略第7页/共32页近四年动词的时态和语态在高考中的复现率考点年份一般一般现在现在时时现在现在进行进行时时现在现在完成完成时时现在现在完成

6、完成进行进行时时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去进行进行时时过去过去完成完成时时一般一般将来将来时时过去过去将来将来时时总题量201020101 11 11 11 14 4201120111 11 11 11 14 4201220121 11 13 3201320131 11 11 11 14 420142014第8页/共32页动词时态语态一览表(以do为例）时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去

7、完成时had done一般将来时一般将来时will do过去将来时过去将来时Should/would doam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be doneshould/would be done第9页/共32页最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever, ne

8、ver, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一

9、般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作第10页/共32页一、对一般现在时的考查一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其考查其基本概念基本概念：一般现在时表示一个：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常习惯性、经常性性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。等连用。1) The father as well as children _ every Sunday aftern

10、oon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going第11页/共32页2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We

11、have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining第12页/共32页二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。 I

12、 bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent第13页/共32页三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的动作；表示近期特定的不一定是发生在讲话时的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；安排或计划；go,come等起止

13、动作可用进行时代等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。替将来时。由由上下文语境上下文语境表示时间。表示时间。1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a partyA. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare第14页/共32页四、对过去进行时的考查I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow第15页/共32页1.把过去进行时放在when,

14、 while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited第16页/共32页2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today?

15、 I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing第17页/共32页五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续

16、至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _(move) to Pingdu. I_ (teach) senior English in Dongyu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhave

17、taught/have been teaching1993now19989 years5 years第18页/共32页3)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned注：由终止性动词注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等等构成的完成

18、时不能与构成的完成时不能与for或或since引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用。但这些。但这些终止性动词的否定式终止性动词的否定式可可以与以与for或或since短语连用短语连用。Eg. I havent met him for two years. 第19页/共32页The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成: have / has been+ doing概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。第20页/共32页现在完成进行时

19、与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：持

20、续性，未完成性第21页/共32页1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painti

21、ng D. have painted 第22页/共32页七、对过去完成时态的考查七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时态。态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!had sold gotNow过去的过去第23页/共32页 George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to

22、their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite第24页/共32页常见考点有：常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。从句的复合句中考查。1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the

23、sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid第25页/共32页把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed B. was being c

24、ompleted C. has been completed D. had been completed第26页/共32页八. 对一般将来时态的考察表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Saturday等。1. will /shall do 将要发生的事情2. be going to do 已决定或安排要做的事3. be +to do，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to have an exam this week.4. be about to do, 表示马上做某事, 不能与

25、明确表示将来的时间状语连用.He is about to leave for Beijing.第27页/共32页Exercises1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)2. Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.3. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.4. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?5. He fell asleep while h

26、e _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading第28页/共32页6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do)

27、when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould putDid happenwasdoing第29页/共32页11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ (play) the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into

28、 the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay 第30页/共32页要想正确地使用时态要想正确地使用时态语态，就须注意语境语态，就须注意语境, 以及哪些动词是及物以及哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积学习过程中多留意积累。累。 Homework Finish the exercises第31页/共32页