苏联五、六十年代农村题材小说中人物性格塑造的典型

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1、苏联五、六十年代农村题材小说中人物性格塑造的典型在五六十年代，人道主义精神在苏联的文学作品中随处可见，这种人道主义指的是对普通的小人物足够重视，作品中不再是单一的伟大英雄人物；作品内容也开始体现日常的真实生活，作品中的人物就像是我们身边一个有血有肉的朋友一样，这些人物有快乐，有伤心，有进取，有迷惘。 一、“非英雄化”的普通人 五六十年代的苏联文学不再只是描述伟大的英雄人物，开始将日常生活中的小人物作为作品的主角，这些小人物虽然平凡，但是闪耀着人性的光辉，他们有血有肉，就像在我们身边一样，有成功，也有缺陷。比如奥维奇金的作品区里的日常生活，它没有对农村生活进行粉饰，而是真实的将农村生活呈现到了读

2、者的面前；主要对比了两个书记在工作作风和思想性格等方面的区别，对当时农村存在的一些问题进行了深刻的揭露，比如官僚主义、命令主义、因循守旧等等，这些问题都会制约到农村生产力的发展。作者没有将书记写成一个伟大的英雄式人物，而是通过自己在农村生活和工作的实际经验，将一个基层领导的真实形象而生动的刻画了出来。再如，尼古拉耶娃的作品拖拉机站站长和总农艺师，这部作品也将生活中的新风气敏锐的把握到了，并且对于农村的落后现象进行了大胆揭露，作品的主人公是纳斯嘉；但是作者并没有故意对其美化或者拔高，纳斯嘉依然是一个生活中的邻家小女孩，她的外表十分朴素文静，生活经验比较欠缺，遇到了挫折也会心酸流泪，但是她象我们许

3、多人一样，有着十分坚强勇敢的内心，大公无私，乐于助人都是她的优点。 二、传统道德精神的农村妇女 在六十年代中期，苏联的农村题材小说将苏联农村和农民的社会心理以及文化作为作品的重点，在作品中呈现农村的真实生活和农民的精神追求，对苏联农民在农村生活变革时期的心理和对生活的看法进行了揭示。作者在展现真实农村生活的同时，也将农民的本质精神给体现出来，他们有着淳朴的心灵，有着敦厚的性格，热切的关注着各种社会问题，并且也会探讨人生哲理，这就是典型环境下的典型性格。虽然时代的大背景是农村日益城市化，但是俄罗斯农民却没有发生改变，他们依然保留着传统的美德，比如朴实无华、勤劳善良，他们的生活方式依然是日出而作，

4、日落而息。而作者更愿意将这些美德寄托在俄罗斯妇女身上，他们的生活十分劳累，不仅需要照顾丈夫和孩子，还需要承担生活的重担。但是她们任劳任怨，温柔善良。比如，在作品常有的事中，主人公就是一个典型的俄罗斯妇女，她的名字叫卡捷琳娜，生活不富裕，和丈夫育有9个子女，自己是一个挤奶员，她的工资就是全家的收入，可以想象，有多么的艰辛；但是她没有对丈夫产生埋怨，而是用自己的辛苦，来换得家庭的幸福，可以说，这个家庭的灵魂就是卡捷琳娜。她的丈夫叫阿夫里卡诺维奇，他的本性是善良和正直的，但是喜欢喝酒，偶尔也有犯糊涂的时候；而卡捷琳娜的身上却看不到一丝缺点。她热爱自己的生活，爱丈夫，爱子女，正是这种满腔的热情，让沉重

5、的劳动也变得充满快乐；比如，清晨的时候，她说怀着昨天的喜悦来到牛奶场；在倾倒牛奶的时候，她又开始温柔的微笑，因为她想起了丈夫。在六十年代的农村题材小说中，卡捷琳娜的形象是随处可见的。 三、城市化农民 六十年代，苏联正处于农村日益城市化的背景中，大量的农民都离开了自己的家乡，进入城市，一些作家就开始从历史的角度来描写和刻画这些背井离乡农民的心理转变和矛盾，其中，具有代表性的就是别罗夫、舒克神、拉斯普京等等。作品中，描述的重点是人物的性格，以及在这种典型历史时期之下，人的心理变化和对生活的看法等等。比如，舒克神的正面和侧面、私生子、妻子送丈夫去巴黎等等，这些作品中的主人公都是对生活充满迷惘的人，他

6、们在社会急剧变化的时代中，找不到自己的位置，从而出现一些苦闷彷徨的状态，甚至自杀。 四、结语 二十世纪五六十年代，苏联农村文学十分的繁荣，对后世的文学发展也产生了特别大的影响；一个成功的作品，必然塑造了一些特别成功的形象。这个时期的作家们开始关注普通的小人物，注意体现人的个体价值，对后世产生了深远影响。本文简要分析了苏联五六十年代农村题材小说中人物性格塑造的典型性，希望可以提供一些有价值的参考意见。QcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGshLs50cLmTWN60eo8Wgqv7XAv2OHUm32WGeaUw

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