毕业论文YT4543型组合机床动力滑台液压传动系统设计

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1、广州城建职业学院毕业设计题目YT4543型组合机床动力滑台液压传动系统设计 所 在 系 机电与信息工程学院 专业班级 11机电一体化1班 学生姓名 学生学号 指导老师 广州城建职业学院教务处制18YT4543型组合机床动力滑台液压传动系统设计摘要 组合机床是由通用部件和部分专用部件组成的高效、专用、自动化程度较高的机床。它能完成钻、扩、铰、镗、铣、攻丝等工序和工作台转位、定位、夹紧、输送等辅助动作，可用来组成自动线。这里只介绍组合机床动力滑台液压系统。动力滑台上常安装着各种旋转着的刀具，其液压系统的功用是使这些刀具作轴向进给运动，并完成一定的动作循环。动力滑台是组合机床的一种通用部件。在滑台上

2、可以配置各种工艺用途的切削头，例如安装动力箱和主轴箱、钻削头、铣削头、镗削头、镗孔、车端面等。YT4543型组合机床液压动力滑台可以实现多种不同的工作循环，其中一种比较典型的工作循环是：快进一工进二工进死挡铁停留快退停止。关键词：组合机床；动力滑台；液压绪论4第一章 液压传动的发展及优缺点5第二章 YT4543型动力滑台液压系统原理分析7（一） YT4543型动力滑台液压系统基本回路71.速度控制回路：72.换向回路：三位五通电液换向阀自动化、大流量液体换向、平稳无冲击。73.顺序动作回路74.卸荷回路75.止挡块停留7（二）YT4543型动力滑台液压系统系统组成81.由限压式变量叶片泵供油，

3、82.用电液换向阀换向，83.用行程阀实现快进速度和工进速度的切换，84.用电磁阀实现两种工进速度的切换，85.用调速阀使进给速度稳定。8（三） YT4543型液压系统工作原理以及液压原理图9（四）动力滑台液压系统工作分析91快进：按下启动按钮，使电磁阀A的1YA得电吸合9 2当快进到指定位置103第一次工作进给到位114当II工进完成后125快退136原位停止14 7.以上工作环节遵循以下工作原理图14结论15致谢15参考文献 ：16绪论 组合机床动力滑台液压系统，能实现的工作循环是：快速前进 工作进给 快速退回 原位停止，液压技术是机械设备中发展速度最快的技术之一。特别是近年可与微电子、计

4、算机技术相结合、使液压技术进入了一个新的发展阶段。目前，已广泛应用在工业各领域。由于近年来微电子、计算机技术的发展，液压元器件制造技术的进一步提高，使液压技术不仅在作为一种基本的传统形式上占有重要地位而且以优良的静态、动态性能成为一种重要的控制手段。 面对我国经济近年来的快速发展，机械制造工业的壮大，在国民经济中占重要地位的制造业领域得以健康快速的发展。制造装备的改进，使得作为制造工业重要设备的各类机加工艺装备也有了许多新的变化，尤其是孔加工，其在今天的液压系统的地位越来越重要，组合滑台在数控车床上担任着重要的角色，由于工业的发展元件的不断提高性能使得滑台的快速发展也日新月异。全世界各种零件约

5、有85至90的加工都是由组合滑台液压系统组成的机床上完成的。组合滑台是一种万能型机床组成部分，目前已经无可争议地成为零件加工的必不可少的功能性部件，在世界机床市场上它的功能重点已占据首位，并且仍在发展扩大。组合滑台的发展主要以液压技术的应用为基础，其液压系统已成为工业工程机械液压系统的主流形式。随着科学技术的发展和加工业现代化生产的需要，组合滑台需要大幅度的技术进步，技术创新是机床行业所面临的新挑战。在技术方面，机床产品的核心技术就是组合滑台的液压系统设计，所以对其液压系统的分析研究具有十分重要的现实意义。第一章 液压传动的发展及优缺点 液压传动是工程、机械、汽车、农业、等生产中广为应用的一门

6、技术。如今，液压传动技术水平的高低已成为一个国家工业发展水平的标志之一。液压传动具有：输出力大、易实现无级调速且调速范围大、易实现过载保护、易实现自动控制、定位精度高、传动平稳、使用寿命产长、机构简单和操作方便等优点。现在液压产品广泛应用于工业、农和国防等各个部门。而动力滑台又在许多机床上都要用到，所以动力滑台的液压传动设计显得十分重要和迫切。 我国的液压工业开始于20世纪50年代，液压元件最初应用于机床和锻压设备。60年代获得较大发展，已渗透到各个工业部门，在机床、工程机械、冶金、农业机械、汽车、船舶、航空、石油以及军工等工业中都得到了普遍的应用。当前液压技术正向高压、高速、大功率、高效率、

7、低噪声、低能耗、长寿命、高度集成化等方向发展。同时，新元件的应用、系统计算机辅助设计、计算机仿真和优化、微机控制等工作，也取得了显著成果。 目前，我国的液压件已从低压到高压形成系列，并生产出许多新型元件，如插装式锥阀、电液比例阀、电液伺服阀、电业数字控制阀等。我国机械工业在认真消化、推广国外引进的先进液压技术的同时，大力研制、开发国产液压件新产品，加强产品质量可靠性和新技术应用的研究，积极采用国际标准，合理调整产品结构，对一些性能差而且不符合国家标准的液压件产品，采用逐步淘汰的措施。由此可见，随着科学技术的迅速发展，液压技术将获得进一步发展，在各种机械设备上的应用将更加广泛。其优点如下：（1）

8、在相同的体积下，液压执行装置能比电气装置产生出更大的动力。在同等功率的情况下，液压执行装置的体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑。液压马达的体积重量只有同等功率电动机的12%左右。（2）液压执行装置的工作比较平稳。由于液压执行装置重量轻、惯性小、反应快，所以易于实现快速起动、制动和频繁地换向。液压装置的换向频率，在实现往复回转运动时可达到每分钟500次，实现往复直线运动时可达每分钟1000次。（3）液压传动可在大范围内实现无级调速（调速比可达1：2000），并可在液压装置运行的过程中进行调速。（4）液压传动容易实现自动化，因为它是对液体的压力、流量和流动方向进行控制或调节，操纵很方便。当液压控制和电气控制

9、或气动控制结合使用时，能实现较复杂的顺序动作和远程控制。（5）液压装置易于实现过载保护且液压件能自行润滑，因此使用寿命长。（6）由于液压元件已实现了标准化、系列化和通用化，所以液压系统的设计、制造和使用都比较方便。缺点：（1）液压传动是以液体为工作介质，在相对运动表面间不可避免地要有泄漏，同时，液体又不是绝对不可压缩的，因此不宜在传动比要求严格的场合采用，例如螺纹和齿轮加工机床的内传动链系统。（2）液压传动在工作过程中有较多的能量损失，如摩擦损失、泄漏损失等，故不宜于远距离传动。（3）液压传动对油温的变化比较敏感，油温变化会影响运动的稳定性。因此，在低温和高温条件下，采用液压传动有一定的困难。

10、（4）为了减少泄露，液压元件的制造精度要求高，因此，液压元件的制造成本高，而且对油液的污染比较敏感。（5）液压系统故障的诊断比较困难，因此对维修人员提出了更高的要求，既要系统地掌握液压传动的理论知识，又要有一定的实践经验。（6）随着高压、高速、高效率和大流量化，液压元件和系统的噪声日益增大，这也是要解决的问题。 总而言之，液压传动的优点是突出的，随着科学技术的进步，液压传动的缺点将得到克服，液压传动将日益完善，液压技术与电子技术及其它传动方式的结合更是前途无量。组合机床是由通用部件和部分专用部件组成的高效、专用、自动化程度较高的机床。它能完成钻、扩、铰、镗、铣、攻丝等工序和工作台转位、定位、夹

11、紧、输送等辅助动作，可用来组成自动线。动力滑台是组合机床的一种通用部件。在滑台上可以配置各种工艺用途的切削头，例如安装动力箱和主轴箱、钻削头、铣削头、镗削头、镗孔、车端面等。 动力滑台上常安装着各种旋转着的刀具，其液压系统的功用是使这些刀具作轴向进给运动，并完成一定的动作循环，通常实现的工作循环；快进第一次工作进给第二次工作进给止档块停留快退原位停止。第二章 YT4543型动力滑台液压系统原理分析 YT4543型组合机床是一种典型的液压组合机床。YT4543液压动力滑台工作进给速度范围为0.11-11mm/s，最大快进速度为122mm/s，滑台台面尺寸为450mm x 800mm，最大推力为4

12、5kN。采用变量液压泵和串联调速阀来实现二次进给速度，用行程阀来实现速度换接。其电磁铁和行程阀的动作顺序（见表一）。 表一电磁铁和行程阀的动作顺序 原件动作1YA2YA3YAPS行程阀7快进（差动）+导通一工进+切断二工进+切断止挡块停留+切断快退+切断、导通原位停止导通（一） YT4543型动力滑台液压系统基本回路1.速度控制回路：调速回路：容积节流调速回路，速度稳定性好，功率损失不大；快速运动回路：限压式变量泵 + 差动连接效率高；速度换接回路：快进工进 行程阀转换平稳，位置精确；一工进二工进 电磁阀 + 串联调速阀，安装调节方便。2.换向回路：三位五通电液换向阀自动化、大流量液体换向、平

13、稳无冲击。3.顺序动作回路：压力继电器方便可靠，行程开关灵活方便。4.卸荷回路：三位换向阀中位朱伟成5.止挡块停留：保证轴向尺寸精度和表面光洁度。（二）YT4543型动力滑台液压系统系统组成1.由限压式变量叶片泵供油，2.用电液换向阀换向，3.用行程阀实现快进速度和工进速度的切换，4.用电磁阀实现两种工进速度的切换，5.用调速阀使进给速度稳定。 动力滑台是组合机床的一种通用部件。在滑台上可以配置各种工艺用途的切削头，例如安装动力箱和主轴箱、钻削头、铣削头、镗削头、镗孔、车端面等。YT4543型组合机床液压动力滑台可以实现多种不同的工作循环，其中一种比较典型的工作循环是：快进 一工进 二工进 死

14、挡铁停留 快退 停止。完成这一动作循环的动力滑台液压系统工作原理图如附表（二）所示。系统中采用限压式变量叶片泵供油，并使液压缸差动联接以实现快速运动。由电液换向阀换向，用行程阀、液控顺序阀实现快进与工进的转换，用二位二通电磁换向阀实现一工进和二工进之间的速度换接。为保证进给的尺寸精度，采用了死挡铁停留来限位。（三） YT4543型液压系统工作原理以及液压原理图图2.2 YT4543型动力滑台液压系统原理图1限压式变量叶片泵，2、6、12单向阀，3三位五通液动换向阀，4调速阀，蓝色框内合称三位五通电液动换向阀，5外控顺序阀，7、8调速阀，9压力继电器，10二位二通电磁换向阀11二位二通机机动换向

15、阀（四）动力滑台液压系统工作分析 液压动力滑台用液压缸来驱动，可以实现多种进给工作循环。对液压动力滑台液压系统性能的主要要求是速度换接平稳，进给速度稳定，功率利用效率高，发热少。该系统采用限压式变量叶片泵及单缸活塞液压缸。通常实现的工作循环；快进第一次工作进给第二次工作进给止档块停留快退原位停止。 1快进：按下启动按钮，使电磁阀A的1YA得电吸合主油路：先导电磁阀左位接入系统，接着液动换向阀B左位接入系统进油路：泵1阀2油路a阀B油路b油路c阀11缸13左腔回油路：缸13右腔油路d阀B油路e阀6阀11油路c缸13左腔由于动力滑台空载，系统工作压力低，液控顺序阀5关闭，液压缸13实现差动连接，此

16、时泵输出最大流量，所以滑台向左快进，如图1.3。图2.3 动力滑台快进液压系统原理图 2当快进到指定位置时，滑台上的挡铁压下行程阀11，切断了快进油路。压力油经调速阀7进缸13。这时系统压力升高，一方面使限压式变量叶片泵1的流量减少到与调速阀7所允许通过的流量相一致；另一方面打开液控顺序阀2，使液压缸差动连接断开，这样滑台的运动转换为I工进，其速度大小由调速阀7调节。其主油路为： 进油路：泵1阀2油路a阀B油路b阀 7 阀10油路c缸13左腔回油路：缸13右腔油路d阀B油路e阀5阀4油箱 优点：用限压式变量液压泵与差动连接液压缸来实现快进，能量利用比较合理。滑台停止运动时，液压泵在低压下卸荷，

17、减少了能量损失，效率高。如图2.4所示图2.4 动力滑台一工进液压系统原理图 3第一次工作进给到位时，滑台上行程挡铁压下行程开关，使电磁铁3YA得电，电磁阀10左位接入系统。此时，压力油通过调速阀7，又通过调速阀8进入油缸13左腔，这样滑台的运动转换为工进，回油路与I工进时相同。由于阀8的开口比阀7的小，故滑台的速度大小由阀8决定。 优点：采用行程阀实现快慢速换接，其动作的可靠性、转换精度和平稳性都较高。一工进和二工进之间的转换，由于通过调速阀8的流量很小，采用电磁阀式换接已能保证所需的转换精度。用电液换向阀换向，利用控制油路上的单向节流阀可调节夜动换向阀的换向时间，从而减小换向冲击，保证换向

18、的平稳性。进油路：泵1阀2油路a阀B油路b阀 7 阀8油路c缸13左腔回油路：缸13右腔油路d阀B油路e阀5阀4油箱如图2.5所示:图2.5动力滑台二工进液压系统原理图 4当II工进完成后，滑台碰上死挡铁而停止运动时，油缸13左腔压力升高，当压力升高到压力继电器9调定值时，压力继电器发出信号给时间继电器，停留时间由时间继电器调定。滑台在死挡铁停留时，液压泵供油压力升高，流量减少，其输出流量为液压泵和系统的泄漏量。 优点：采用容积节流调速回路，无溢流功率损失，系统效率较高，且能保证稳定的低速运动，较好的速度刚性和较大的调速范围。在回油路上设置背压阀，提高了滑台运动的平稳性。把调速阀设置在进油路上

19、，具有启动冲击小、便于压力继电器发讯控制、容易获得较低速度等优点。在滑台的工作循环工作当中，行程终点采用止档块停留，不仅提高了进给时的位置精度，还扩大了动力滑台的工艺范围。如图2.6所示 图2.6动力滑台死挡铁停留液压系统原理图 5快退：压力继电器（延时后）2YA（+）、1YA（）3YA（）进油路：12B（右）缸（右）回油路：缸（左）12B（右）油箱如图2.7所示图2.7动力滑台死挡铁停留液压系统原理图 6原位停止：行程开关1YA（）、2YA（）、3YA（）泵1卸荷，液压缸锁紧。 7.以上工作环节遵循以下工作原理图2.8图2.8YT4543型组合滑台液压系统工作原理图结论 我国机械制造工业建设

20、的不断进步，机床的液压系统在零件加工、数控模具、轴类的加工、孔的加工等方面的应用将越来越广泛，这是一种趋势。随着科学技术的进步与用户应用的需求，还会需要更加高性能的机床滑台液压系统参与各方面的机械制造。在技术方面，机械产品的核心技术就是液压系统设计，因此对机床组合滑台液压系统进行深入的研究具有很重要的现实意义。本文在对其液压系统进行了系统分析与研究的基础上，进一步提出了机床组合滑台液压系统诊断方法方式，对推动我国机床液压系统技术水平的发展具有重要的参考价值。致谢 在本论文完成之际，谨向给予我指导、关心和帮助的各位老师、同学致以由衷的感谢。感谢学校给我们一个这样的机会来对三年所学到的东西进行综合

21、和系统的理解，并在这个基础上通过自己的学习拓展了知识的范围；我还要感谢我身边的同学朋友，感谢他们在我毕业设计中遇到困难时所给予我的鼓励和支持。特别要感谢我的指导老师华俊芳老师以及其他老师从各个方面所给予我的帮助和支持，今天之所以有这个成果，与他们严谨的治学态度、广博的知识和丰富的实际经验是分不开的。 最后，再一次致以我深深的谢意！参考文献 ：【1】 许福玲、陈尧明，液压与气压传动（第二版）【M】.北京：机械工业出版社，2004.7【2】 SMC（中国）有限公司.现代实用气动技术（第三版）【M】.北京：机械工业出版社，2008.5【3】 赵冬梅，郑万年.液压气动图形符号及其识别【M】.北京：化学

22、工业出版社，2008.【4】 吴宗泽.机械设计【M】.北京：人民交通出版社，2003.6【5】 曹龙华，蒋希成.平面连杆机构综合【M】.高等教育出版社，1990.【6】 Werner Deppert/Kurt soll.气动技术（低成本综合自动化）【M】.北京：机械工业出版社，1999【7】 刘善林，胡鹏浩.曲柄滑块机构的运动分析【J】机械设计与制造，2008（5）：79-80【8】 赵燕翔.客车内摆式气动门设计【J】.江苏交通科技，2001（5）：33-35【9】 王冬.内摆门的设计与安装调整【J】.客车技术，2003（1）：20-22【10】 吴超，许兆勤，李宝，梁秀鹏.气动内摆门运动分析

23、【J】.客车技术与研究，2007（2）.30-33【11】 贾志伟，董社森，王庆国.城市客车内摆门控制方式【J】.客车技术与研究，2005（3）：30-31【12】 姚波.客车气动门夹持力测试【J】.客车技术与研究，2008（3）：35-36【13】 汽车工程手册编委会.汽车工程手册（设计篇）【M】.北京：人民交通出版社，2001.6【14】 国家质量监督检验检疫总局.客车结构安全要求【S】.北京：中国标准出版社，2007.7.19您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and h

24、orses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang count

25、y in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more tha

26、n one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art

27、Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner M

28、ongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mon

29、golia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining

30、 in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic famil

31、ies, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace th

32、e culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solid

33、er from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singer

34、s and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local var

35、iant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk

36、music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art m

37、arket. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock an

38、d Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Sp

39、ring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems

40、 of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of hi

41、gh quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besid

42、es, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still

43、 have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan

44、 and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs

45、 under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud con

46、cubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a p

47、remium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milest

48、one in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustome

49、d to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the C

50、hinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This

51、device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speakin

52、g base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same perso

53、n. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with

54、no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the commonalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too

55、 great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has becomehow shall I put it?a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, ha

56、s departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emersons essay titled Self-Reliance. If youve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding ones own path.

57、He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree w

58、ith him. This essay was written during a time of social upheaval in America, and it is rather odd that Emerson authored it, as he was a part of the upper crust of society at the time. It just so happened that he looked around him, at the indolence and the wantonness of the people in his circle; he w

59、ondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his excommunication from high society and also caused him a lot of legal trouble. The legal trouble came as a result of the fact that he was speaking out against the government. I like to reference

60、such texts from time to time as an example both of the fact that history does repeat itself and that this world is not so big that what applies to one society does not in any way touch another society. On a much smaller scale,Emersons essay affects me very deeply. Not as an urging to become self rel

61、iant Im nothing if not that! In his text he expounds on the idea that one must give their life a purpose. And that is the true topic of this entry. These last four years have been so easy: teach for a grand total of six hours a week, and the rest of my time is mine. Since Ive been here I have been t

62、asked with nothing more challenging than learning my students names and figuring out what to do with them for the brief time each week that I stand in front of them. I do not consider the challenges of learning to live here part of a purposeful life. I consider those issues existential in nature. On

63、e of the problems with my life in America was that I felt it had no purpose. I went to work every day and even did what I could to make my colleagues work lives easier, but I simply could not digest the fact that that was my sole purpose in life. With no family to support, I was the sole beneficiary of my employment: the paycheck, the benefits, the incentives and the rewards were mine alone. Not much of a purpose in being self-serving, is there? While I was a student, I felt I