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1、GWD-TN-23: Verbal-Q1: PP47. So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environmental and natural resource base of countries as varied as China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.A. as varied asB. as varied as areC. as var

2、ied as those ofD. that are as varied asE. that are varied as are-Q2: PP48.Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Pasco del Rio, is the citys most po

3、pular attraction.A. Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San AntonioB. Unlike the river in many cities in the United Stated, which is no longer the local point of urban life, in San Antonio the riverC. Today the river in many cities

4、 in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where itD. In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San AntonioE. No longer do many cities in United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, butin

5、San Antonio the river-Q3:TTGWD11-Q9:The population of desert tortoises in Targlands Red Desert has declined, partly because they are captured for sale as pets and partly because people riding all-terrain vehicles have damaged their habitat. Targland plans to halt this population decline by blocking

6、the current access routes into the desert and announcing new regulations to allow access only on foot. Targlands officials predict that these measures will be adequate, since it is difficult to collect the tortoises without a vehicle.Which of the following would it be most important to establish in

7、order to evaluate the officials prediction?A. Whether possessing the tortoises as pets remains legally permissible in TarglandB. Whether Targland is able to enforce the regulations with respect to all-terrain vehicle entry at points other than the current access routesC. Whether the Red Desert torto

8、ises are most active during the day or at nightD. Whether people who travel on foot in the Red Desert often encounter the tortoisesE. Whether the Targland authorities held public hearings before restricting entry by vehicle into the Red Desert-Q4Q6: GWD-4-Q35 to Q37 In addition to conventional galax

9、ies, the universe contains very dim galaxies that until recently went unnoticed by astronomers. Possibly as numerous as conventional galaxies, these galaxies have the same general shape and even the same approximate number of stars as a common type of conventional galaxy, the spiral, but tend to be

10、much larger. Because these galaxies mass is spread out over larger areas, they have far fewer stars per unit volume than do conventional galaxies. Apparently these low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and co

11、nvert it to starsthat is, they evolve much more slowly. These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missing baryonic mass in the universe. Baryonssubatomic particles that are generally protons or neutronsare the source of stellar, and therefore galactic, luminosity, an

12、d so their numbers can be estimated based on how luminous galaxies are. However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy, suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate. Astronomers have long speculated that the

13、 missing baryonic mass might eventually be discovered in intergalactic space or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect. -GWD-4-Q35:The primary purpose of the passage is toA. describe a phenomenon and consider its scientific significanceB. contrast two phenomena and discuss

14、 a puzzling difference between themC. identify a newly discovered phenomenon and explain its originsD. compare two classes of objects and discuss the physical properties of eachE. discuss a discovery and point out its inconsistency with existing theory-GWD-4-Q36:The author mentions the fact that bar

15、yons are the source of stars luminosity primarily in order to explainA. how astronomers determine that some galaxies contain fewer stars per unit volume than do othersB. how astronomers are able to calculate the total luminosity of a galaxyC. why astronomers can use galactic luminosity to estimate b

16、aryonic massD. why astronomers estimates of baryonic mass based on galactic luminosity are more reliable than those based on spectroscopic studies of heliumE. how astronomers know bright galaxies contain more baryons than do dim galaxies- GWD-4-Q37:It can be inferred from the passage that which of t

17、he following is an accurate physical description of typical low-surface-brightness galaxies?A. They are large spiral galaxies containing fewer stars than do conventional galaxies.B. They are compact but very dim spiral galaxies.C. They are diffuse spiral galaxies that occupy a large volume of space.

18、D. They are small, young spiral galaxies that contain a high proportion of primordial gas.E. They are large, dense spirals with low luminosity.-Q7: PP49. It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and i

19、t was under her command that the paper won high praise for its unrelenting reporting of the Watergate scandal.A. It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and it was under her command that the paper wo

20、n high praiseB. It was only after Katharine Grahams becoming publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and under her command it had won high praiseC. Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963, and only after that did it

21、move into the first rank of American newspapers, having won high praise under her commandD. Moving into the first rank of American newspapers only after Katharine Graham became its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post, winning high praise under her commandE. Moving into the first rank of American

22、newspapers only after Katharine Grahams becoming its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post won high praise under her command-Q8: PP 50.The automobile company announced that the average price of next years models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with com

23、parably equipped cars and trucks this year.A. The automobile company announced that the average price of next years models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars and trucks this year. B. The automobile company announced that the a

24、verage price of next years cars and trucks would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from that of comparably equipped models this year.C. The automobile company announced that there would be a decrease of four-tenths of one percent in next years models price, or about $72, below this

25、years comparably equipped cars and trucks. D. Compared to comparably equipped models this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next years cars and trucks would decrease about $72, less by four-tenths of one percent.E. Contrasted with comparably equipped cars and trucks of

26、 this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next years models would decrease about $72, or four-tenths of one percent.-Q9: PP 51. A study on couples retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers reported high marital sa

27、tisfaction, more so than those who retired completely.A. more so than those who retiredB. which was more than if they had retiredC. more than when retiringD. more than if they were to retireE. which was more so than those retiring-Q10:GWD-13-Q32*:Macrophages are cells that play a role in the respons

28、e of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria. Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.The statements above, if true, provide the most support

29、 for which of the following conclusions?A. Mice that are unable either to make macrophages or to make them in sufficient numbers will protect themselves from bacterial infections in some other way.B. Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections.C

30、. In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates or inhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.D. When a healthy mouse becomes infected with an invasive organism, the number of macrophages in the mouses body decreases.E. Injections of nitrates into mi

31、ce that lack macrophages will not enhance the ability of these animals immune systems to fight off infection.-Q11Q15: GWD-4-Q22 to Q25 Many managers are influenced by dangerous myths about pay that lead to counterproductive decisions about how their companies compensate employees. One such myth is t

32、hat labor rates, the rate per hour paid to workers, are identical with labor costs, the money spent on labor in relation to the productivity of the labor force. This myth leads to the assumption that a company can simply lower its labor costs by cutting wages. But labor costs and labor rates are not

33、 in fact the same: one company could pay its workers considerably more than another and yet have lower labor costs if that companys productivity were higher due to the talent of its workforce, the efficiency of its work processes, or other factors. The confusion of costs with rates persists partly b

34、ecause labor rates are a convenient target for managers who want to make an impact on their companys budgets. Because labor rates are highly visible, managers can easily compare their companys rates with those of competitors. Furthermore, labor rates often appear to be a companys most malleable fina

35、ncial variable: cutting wages appears an easier way to control costs than such options as reconfiguring work processes or altering product design. The myth that labor rates and labor costs are equivalent is supported by business journalists, who frequently confound the two. For example, prominent bu

36、siness journals often remark on the “high” cost of German labor, citing as evidence the average amount paid to German workers. The myth is also perpetuated by the compensation-consulting industry, which has its own incentives to keep such myths alive. First, although some of these consulting firms h

37、ave recently broadened their practices beyond the area of compensation, their mainstay continues to be advising companies on changing their compensation practices. Suggesting that a companys performance can be improved in some other way than by altering its pay system may be empirically correct but

38、contrary to the consultants interests. Furthermore, changes to the compensation system may appear to be simpler to implement than changes to other aspects of an organization, so managers are more likely to find such advice from consultants palatable. Finally, to the extant that changes in compensati

39、on create new problems, the consultants will continue to have work solving the problems that result from their advice. -GWD-4-Q22:The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the advice that the consulting firms discussed in the passage customarily give to companies attempting to

40、control costs?A. It often fails to bring about the intended changes in companies compensation systems.B. It has highly influenced views that predominate in prominent business journals.C. It tends to result in decreased labor rates but increased labor costs.D. It leads to changes in companies compens

41、ation practices that are less visible than changes to work processes would be.E. It might be different if the consulting firms were less narrowly specialized.-GWD-4-Q23:The author of the passage mentions business journals primarily in order toA. demonstrate how a particular kind of evidence can be u

42、sed to support two different conclusions B. cast doubt on a particular view about the average amount paid to German workersC. suggest that business journalists may have a vested interest in perpetuating a particular viewD. identify one source of support for a view common among business managersE. in

43、dicate a way in which a particular myth could be dispelled-GWD-4-Q24:It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about compensation?A. A companys labor costs are not affected by the efficiency of its work processes.B. High

44、labor rates are not necessarily inconsistent with the goals of companies that want to reduce costsC. It is more difficult for managers to compare their companies labor rates with those of competitors than to compare labor costs.D. A company whose labor rates are high is unlikely to have lower labor

45、costs than other companies.E. Managers often use information about competitors labor costs to calculate those companies labor rates.-GWD-4-Q25:According to the passage, which of the following is true about changes to a companys compensation system?A. They are often implemented in conjunction with a

46、companys efforts to reconfigure its work processes.B. They have been advocated by prominent business journals as the most direct way for a company to bring about changes in its labor costs.C. They are more likely to result in an increase in labor costs than they are to bring about competitive advant

47、ages for the company.D. They sometimes result in significant cost savings but are likely to create labor-relations problems for the company.E. They may seem to managers to be relatively easy to implement compared with other kinds of changes managers might consider.-TTGWD-15-Q24:The passage suggests

48、that the “myth” mentioned in line 5 persists partly becauseA. managers find it easier to compare their companies labor rates with those of competitors than to compare labor costsB. managers tend to assume that labor rates affect their companies budgets less than they actually doC. managers tend to b

49、elieve that labor rates can have an impact on the efficiency of their companies work processesD. the average amount paid to workers differs significantly from one country to anotherE. many companies fail to rely on compensation consultants when making decisions about labor rates-Q16: PP52. Although

50、at one time childrens programming had been limited to a few hours a week, now, however, there are at least four cable networks that dedicate themselves entirely to shows produced specifically for children.A. Although at one time childrens programming had been limited to a few hours a week, now, howe

51、ver, there are at least four cable networks that dedicate themselvesB. With childrens programming having been limited at one time to a few hours a week, now at least four cable networks have dedicated themselvesC. Once limited to a few hours a week, there are now at least four cable networks with ch

52、ildrens programming that dedicate themselvesD. Childrens programming was once limited to a few hours a week, but now there are at least four cable networks dedicatedE. While childrens programming had once been limited to a few hours a week, at least four cable networks are now dedicated-Q17: PP53 Th

53、e ability of scientists to provide models of the atmospheres complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.A. The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmospheres complex responses to changing co

54、nditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.B. The ability of scientists has become ever more accurate in providing models of the atmospheres complex responses to changing conditions, such as seasonal and daily cycles or different plan

55、etary conjunctions.C. Scientists have become able to provide ever more accurate models of the atmospheres complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.D. Scientists have become ever more accurate in their ability for providing models

56、of the atmospheres complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.E. Scientists ability to provide models of the atmospheres complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions ha

57、ve become ever more accurate.-Q18:GWD-13-Q39:Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?According to promotional material published by the city of Springfield, more tourists stay in hotels in Springfield than stay in the neighboring city of Harristown. A brochure from the lar

58、gest hotel in Harristown claims that more tourists stay in that hotel than stay in the Royal Arms Hotel in Springfield. If both of these sources are accurate, however, the “Report on Tourism” for the region must be in error in stating that _.A. the average length of stay is longer at the largest hot

59、el in Harristown than it is at the Royal Arms HotelB. there is only one hotel in Harristown that is larger than the Royal Arms HotelC. more tourists stay in hotels in Harristown than stay in the Royal Arms HotelD. the Royal Arms Hotel is the largest hotel in SpringfieldE. the Royal Arms Hotel is the only hotel in Springfield-Q19