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1、中华人民共和国合同法（中英文对照）（总则） 2005-6-13 19:05:02（1999年3月15日第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 ）(Adopted and Promulgated by the Second Session of the Ninth National Peoples Congress on March 15, 1999.)总则GENERAL PRINCIPLES第一章 一般规定Chapter One: General Provisions第一条 为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。Article 1 PurposeThi

2、s Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, to safeguard social and economic order, and to promote socialist modernization.第二条 本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规定。Article 2 Definition of Contract; ExclusionsFor pu

3、rposes of this Law, a contract is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing, for the purpose of establishing, altering, or discharging a relationship of civil rights and obligations.An agreement concerning any personal relationship such as marriag

4、e, adoption, guardianship, etc. shall be governed by other applicable laws.第三条 合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。Article 3 Equal Standing of PartiesContract parties enjoy equal legal standing and neither party may impose its will on the other party.第四条 当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利，任何单位和个人不得非法干预。Article 4 Right to E

5、nter into Contract VoluntarilyA party is entitled to enter into a contract voluntarily under the law, and no entity or individual may unlawfully interfere with such right.第五条 当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务。Article 5 FairnessThe parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing their respective

6、rights and obligations.第六条 当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。Article 6 Good FaithThe parties shall abide by the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations.第七条 当事人订立、履行合同，应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德，不得扰乱社会经济秩序，损害社会公共利益。Article 7 LegalityIn concluding or performing a contract, the

7、 parties shall abide by the relevant laws and administrative regulations, as well as observe social ethics, and may not disrupt social and economic order or harm the public interests.第八条 依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。依法成立的合同，受法律保护。Article 8 Binding Effect; Legal ProtectionA lawfu

8、lly formed contract is legally binding on the parties. The parties shall perform their respective obligations in accordance with the contract, and neither party may arbitrarily amend or terminate the contract. A lawfully formed contract is protected by law.第二章 合同的订立Chapter Two: Formation of Contract

9、s第九条 当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。Article 9 Capacity; Contract through AgentIn entering into a contract, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts.A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf under the law.第十条 当事人订立合同，有书

10、面形式、口头形式和其他形式。法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。当事人约定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。Article 10 Forms of Contract; Writing RequirementA contract may be made in a writing, in an oral conversation, as well as in any other form. A contract shall be in writing if a relevant law or administrative regulation so requires. A cont

11、ract shall be in writing if the parties have so agreed.第十一条 书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。Article 11 Definition of WritingA writing means a memorandum of contract, letter or electronic message (including telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic data exchange and electronic m

12、ail), etc. which is capable of expressing its contents in a tangible form.第十二条 合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款：（一）当事人的名称或者姓名和住所；（二）标的；（三）数量；（四）质量；（五）价款或者报酬；（六）履行期限、地点和方式；（七）违约责任；（八）解决争议的方法。当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。Article 12 Terms of ContractThe terms of a contract shall be prescribed by the parties, and generally

13、 include the following:(i) names of the parties and the domiciles thereof;(ii) subject matter;(iii) quantity;(iv) quality;(v) price or remuneration;(vi) time, place and method of performance;(vii) liabilities for breach of contract;(viii) method of dispute resolution.The parties may enter into a con

14、tract by referencing a model contract for the relevant contract category.第十三条 当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。Article 13 Offer-AcceptanceA contract is concluded by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance.第十四条 要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定：（一）内容具体确定；（二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。Article 14 Definition of OfferAn o

15、ffer is a partys manifestation of intention to enter into a contract with the other party, which shall comply with the following:(i) Its terms are specific and definite;(ii) It indicates that upon acceptance by the offeree, the offeror will be bound thereby.第十五条 要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招标公

16、告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请。商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。Article 15 Invitation to OfferAn invitation to offer is a partys manifestation of intention to invite the other party to make an offer thereto. A delivered price list, announcement of auction, call for tender, prospectus, or commercial advertisement, etc. is an

17、 invitation to offer.A commercial advertisement is deemed an offer if its contents meet the requirements of an offer.第十六条 要约到达受要约人时生效。采用数据电文形式订立合同，收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，该数据电文进入该特定系统的时间，视为到达时间；未指定特定系统的，该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的首次时间，视为到达时间。Article 16 Effectiveness of Offer, Offer through Electronic MessageAn offer

18、becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. When a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, if the recipient of an electronic message has designated a specific system to receive it, the time when theelectronic message enters into such specific system is deemed its time of arr

19、ival; if no specific system has been designated, the time when the electronic message first enters into any of the recipients systems is deemed its time of arrival.第十七条 要约可以撤回。撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到达受要约人。Article 17 Withdrawal of OfferAn offer may be withdrawn. The notice of withdrawal shall re

20、ach the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.第十八条 要约可以撤销。撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达受要约人。Article 18 Revocation of OfferAn offer may be revoked. The notice of revocation shall reach the offeree before it has dispatched a notice of acceptance.第十九条 有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销：（一）要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销；（

21、二）受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。Article 19 Irrevocable OfferAn offer may not be revoked:(i) if it expressly indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable;(ii) if the offeree has reason to regard the offer as irrevocable, and has undertaken preparat

22、ion for performance.第二十条 有下列情形之一的，要约失效：(一)拒绝要约的通知到达要约人；(二)要约人依法撤销要约；(三)承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺；(四)受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。Article 20 Extinguishment of OfferAn offer is extinguished in any of the following circumstances:(i) The notice of rejection reaches the offeror;(ii) The offeror lawfully revokes the offer;(i

23、ii) The offeree fails to dispatch its acceptance at the end of the period for acceptance;(iv) The offeree makes a material change to the terms of the offer.第二十一条 承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。Article 21 Definition of AcceptanceAn acceptance is the offerees manifestation of intention to assent to an offer.第二十二条 承

24、诺应当以通知的方式作出，但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出承诺的除外。Article 22 Mode of Acceptance; Acceptance by ConductAn acceptance shall be manifested by notification, except where it may be manifested by conduct in accordance with the relevant usage or as indicated in the offer.第二十三条 承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人。要约没有确定承诺期限的，承诺应当依照下列规

25、定到达：（一）要约以对话方式作出的，应当即时作出承诺，但当事人另有约定的除外；（二）要约以非对话方式作出的，承诺应当在合理期限内到达。Article 23 Timely Dispatch of AcceptanceAn acceptance shall reach the offeror within the period prescribed in the offer.Where the offer does not prescribe a period for acceptance, the acceptance shall reach the offeror as follows:(i)

26、 Where the offer is made orally, the acceptance shall be dispatched immediately, unless otherwise agreed by the parties;(ii) Where the offer is made in a non-oral manner, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable time.第二十四条 要约以信件或者电报作出的，承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开始计算。信件未载明日期的，自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开

27、始计算。要约以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的，承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算。Article 24 Commencement of the Period for AcceptanceWhere an offer is made by a letter or a telegram, the period for acceptance commences on the date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch. Ifthe letter does not speci

28、fy a date, the period commences on the posting date stamped on the envelope. Where the offer is made through an instantaneous communication device such as telephone or facsimile, etc., the period for acceptance commences once the offer reaches the offeree.第二十五条 承诺生效时合同成立。Article 25 Contract Formed u

29、pon Effectiveness of AcceptanceA contract is formed once the acceptance becomes effective.第二十六条 承诺通知到达要约人时生效。承诺不需要通知的，根据交易习惯或者要约的要求作出承诺的行为时生效。采用数据电文形式订立合同的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。Article 26 Effectiveness of AcceptanceA notice of acceptance becomes effective once it reaches the offeror. Where the acce

30、ptance does not require notification, it becomes effective once an act of acceptance is performed in accordance with the relevant usage or as required by the offer. Where a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, the time of arrival of the acceptance shall be governed by Paragr

31、aph 2 of Article 16 hereof.第二十七条 承诺可以撤回。撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通知同时到达要约人。Article 27 Withdrawal of AcceptanceAn acceptance may be withdrawn. The notice of withdrawal shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance.第二十八条 受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的，除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的以外，为新要约。Article 28 Late

32、 AcceptanceAn acceptance dispatched by the offeree after expiration of the period for acceptance constitutes a new offer, unless the offeror timely advises the offeree that the acceptance is valid.第二十九条 受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人，但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效。Article 2

33、9 Delayed Transmission of AcceptanceIf the offeree dispatched its acceptance within the period for acceptance, and the acceptance, which would otherwise have reached the offeror in due time under normal circumstances, reaches the offeror after expiration of the period for acceptance due to any other

34、 reason, the acceptance is valid, unless the offeror timely advises the offeree that theacceptance has been rejected on grounds of the delay.第三十条 承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致。受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的，为新要约。有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法等的变更，是对要约内容的实质性变更。Article 30 Acceptance Containing Material ChangeThe

35、terms of the acceptance shall be identical to those of the offer. A purported acceptance dispatched by the offeree which materially alters the terms of the offer constitutes a newoffer. A change in the subject matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, time, place and method of performance, l

36、iabilities for breach of contract or method of dispute resolution is a material change to the terms of the offer.第三十一条 承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的，除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外，该承诺有效，合同的内容以承诺的内容为准。Article 31 Acceptance Containing Non-material ChangesAn acceptance containing nonmaterial changes to the te

37、rms of the offer is nevertheless valid and the terms thereof prevail as the terms of the contract, unless the offeror timely objects to such changes or the offer indicated that acceptance may not contain any change to the terms thereof.第三十二条 当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立。Article 32 Time of Forma

38、tion in Case of Memorandum of ContractWhere the parties enter into a contract by a memorandum of contract, the contract is formed when it is signed or sealed by the parties.第三十三条 当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求签订确认书。签订确认书时合同成立。Article 33 Time of Formation in Case of Letters or Electronic Messages;

39、Confirmation LetterWhere the parties enter into a contract by the exchange of letters or electronic messages, one party may require execution of a confirmation letter before the contract is formed. The contract is formed upon execution of the confirmation letter.第三十四条 承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。采用数据电文形式订立合同的，收

40、件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；没有主营业地的，其经常居住地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。Article 34 Place of Formation; Electronic MessagesThe place where the acceptance becomes effective is the place of formation of a contract.Where a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, the recipients main place of business

41、 is the place of formation of the contract; if the recipient does not have amain place of business; its habitual residence is the place of formation of the contract. If the parties have agreed otherwise, such agreement prevails.第三十五条 当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，双方当事人签字或者盖章的地点为合同成立的地点。Article 35 Place of Formati

42、on in Case of Memorandum of ContractWhere a contract is concluded by a memorandum of contract, its place of formation is the place where the parties sign or seal the contract.第三十六条 法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定采用书面形式订立合同，当事人未采用书面形式但一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。Article 36 Effect of Failure to Conclude Contract in Writi

43、ngWhere a contract is to be concluded by a writing as required by the relevant law or administrative regulation or as agreed by the parties, if the parties failed to conclude the contract in writing but one party has performed its main obligation and the other party has accepted the performance, the

44、 contract is formed.第三十七条 采用合同书形式订立合同，在签字或者盖章之前，当事人一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。Article 37 Effect of Failure to Sign in Case of Memorandum of ContractWhere a contract is to be concluded by a memorandum of contract, if prior to signing or sealing of the contract, one party has performed its main obligation

45、 and the other party has accepted the performance, the contract is formed.第三十八条 国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的，有关法人、其他组织之间应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。Article 38 Contract under State Mandatory PlanWhere the state has, in light of its requirements, issued a mandatory plan or state purchase order, the relevant l

46、egal persons and other organizations shall enter into a contract based on the rights and obligations of the parties prescribed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.第三十九条 采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对方的要求，对该条款予以说明。格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未

47、与对方协商的条款。Article 39 Standard Terms; Duty to Call AttentionWhere a contract is concluded by way of standard terms, the party supplying the standard terms shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing the rights and obligations of the parties and shall, in a reasonable manner, call the other

48、 partys attention to the provision(s) whereby such partys liabilities are excluded or limited, and shall explain such provision(s) upon request by the other party.Standard terms are contract provisions which were prepared in advance by a party for repeated use, and which are not negotiated with the

49、other party in the course of concludingthe contract.第四十条 格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的，或者提供格式条款一方免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效。Article 40 Invalidity of Certain Standard TermsA standard term is invalid if it falls into any of the circumstances set forth in Article 52 and Article 53 hereof, or if it exclude

50、s the liabilities of the party supplying such term, increases the liabilities of the other party, or deprives the other party of any of its material rights.第四十一条 对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款。Article 41 Dispute Concerning Construction of Standar

51、d TermIn case of any dispute concerning the construction of a standard term, such term shall be interpreted in accordance with common sense. If the standard term is subject to two or more interpretations, it shall be interpreted against the party supplying it. If a discrepancy exists between the sta

52、ndard term and a non-standard term, the non-standard term prevails.第四十二条 当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任：（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；（三）有其他违背诚实信用原则的行为。Article 42 Pre-contract LiabilitiesWhere in the course of concluding a contract, a party engaged in any of the following cond

53、ucts, thereby causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages:(i) negotiating in bad faith under the pretext of concluding a contract;(ii) intentionally concealing a material fact relating to the conclusion of the contract or supplying false information;(iii) any other conduct which

54、violates the principle of good faith.第四十三条 当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密，无论合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正当地使用。泄露或者不正当地使用该商业秘密给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。Article 43 Trade Secrets; Liability for Disclosure or Improper UseA party may not disclose or improperly use any trade secret which it became aware of in the course of negotiating a

55、 contract, regardless of whether a contract is formed. If the party disclosed or improperly used such trade secret, thereby causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages.第三章 合同的效力Chapter Three: Validity of Contracts第四十四条 依法成立的合同，自成立时生效。法律、行政法规规定应当办理批准、登记等手续生效的，依照其规定。Article 44 Effe

56、ctiveness of ContractA lawfully formed contract becomes effective upon its formation.Where effectiveness of a contract is subject to any procedure such as approval or registration, etc. as required by a relevant law or administrative regulation, such provisionapplies.第四十五条 当事人对合同的效力可以约定附条件。附生效条件的合同，

57、自条件成就时生效。附解除条件的合同，自条件成就时失效。当事人为自己的利益不正当地阻止条件成就的，视为条件已成就；不正当地促成条件成就的，视为条件不成就。Article 45 Conditions Precedent; Conditions Subsequent; Improper Impairment or FacilitationThe parties may prescribe that effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions. A contract subject to a condition preced

58、ent becomes effective once such condition is satisfied. A contract subject to a condition subsequent is extinguished once such condition is satisfied.Where in order to further its own interests, a party improperly impaired the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed to have been satisfi

59、ed; where a party improperly facilitated the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed not to have been satisfied.第四十六条 当事人对合同的效力可以约定附期限。附生效期限的合同，自期限届至时生效。附终止期限的合同，自期限届满时失效。Article 46 Contract TermThe parties may prescribe a term for a contract. A contract subject to a time of commencemen

60、t becomes effective at such time. A contract subject to a time of expiration isextinguished at such time.第四十七条 限制民事行为能力人订立的合同，经法定代理人追认后，该合同有效，但纯获利益的合同或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应而订立的合同，不必经法定代理人追认。相对人可以催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认。法定代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。Article 47 Contract by Person with Limit

61、ed CapacityA contract concluded by a person with limited capacity for civil act is valid upon ratification by the legal agent thereof, provided that a contract from which such person accrues benefits only or the conclusion of which is appropriate for his age, intelligence or mental health doesnot re

62、quire ratification by his legal agent.The other party may demand that the legal agent ratify the contract within one month. If the legal agent fails to manifest his intention, he is deemed to have declined to ratify the contract. Prior to ratification of the contract, the other party in good faith i

63、s entitled to cancel thecontract. Cancellation shall be effected by notification.第四十八条 行为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立的合同，未经被代理人追认，对被代理人不发生效力，由行为人承担责任。相对人可以催告被代理人在一个月内予以追认。被代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。Article 48 Contract by Unauthorized AgentAbsent ratification by the principal,

64、 a contract concluded on his behalf by a person who lacked agency authority, who acted beyond his agency authority or whose agency authority was extinguished is not binding upon the principal unless ratified by him, and the person performing such act is liable.The other party may demand that the principal ratify the contract within one month. Where the principal fails to manifest his intention, he is deemed to have declined to ratify the contract. Prior to ratification of the contract, the other party in good