美国文学American literature in Colonial__ Period

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1、Introduction toAmerican Literature 美国文学：与思美国文学：与思想伟人和文学大师同行，愿想伟人和文学大师同行，愿大家各有各的收获！大家各有各的收获！主要参考书主要参考书v常耀信:美国文学简史v李宜燮，常耀信:美国文学选读v童明:美国文学史,外语教学与研究出版社；v吴定柏:美国文学大纲,上海外语教育出版社v吴定柏:美国文学欣赏,上海外语教育出版社v杨金才:新编美国文学史v秦小孟:当代美国文学vDefinitionof“AmericanLiterature”:theliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitiz

2、enIntroductionvAmericanliteraturemaybeamongtheyoungestnationalliteraturesintheworld.vItsrealhistory,ifcalculatingroughlyfromtheendoftheRevolutionaryWar(October,1781),isonlyabout200yearsormore.vWithinsuchashortperiod,Americanliteratureswiftlydevelopedwellmaturedbegantoreceiveinternationalrecognitionh

3、asexercisedanimpactfuleffectuponworldliteraturevInfactAmericanwritershavebroughtoutsomeoftheworldsbestliterature.nineAmericanNobel Prize WinnersinLiteraturev1930:SinclairLewis,刘易斯刘易斯v1936:EugeneONeill,奥尼尔奥尼尔v1938:PearlS.Buck,赛珍珠赛珍珠v1949:WilliamFaulkner,福克纳福克纳v1954:ErnestHemingway,海明威海明威v1962:JohnSte

4、inbeck,斯坦贝克斯坦贝克v1976:SaulBellow,索尔索尔贝娄贝娄v1978:IsaacBashevisSinger,辛格辛格v1993:ToniMorrison,莫里森莫里森v1980:CzeslawMilosz 米沃什米沃什(Poland/USA)v1987:JosephBrodsky布罗德斯基布罗德斯基(USSR/USA)vBasiccommonqualitiesofAmericanWriters:Independent，独立精神Individualistic，个性意识Critical，批判精神Innovative，革新意识Humorous，幽默风格The 4 Stages

5、vThe Early Age:TheColonialPeriodThePeriodofEnlightenmentvThe Romantic Age:EarlyRomanticPeriodHighRomanticPeriodvThe Age of Realism：现实主义时期：现实主义时期Local-colorismAmericanRealismAmericanNaturalismvThe Modern Age：现代时期：现代时期ModernismPost-modernismI.TheColonialPeriod(1607-1765)&thePeriodofIndependentRevoluti

6、on(1775-1783)vBeginning:thesettlementofAmericaintheearly17thcenturyvEnding:theendofthe18thcenturyThemainliteraryworks(no1st-rankliteraryworksproduced)vdiaries&journalsvtravelbooksvcollectionsoflettersvhistoriesvpoetryvbiographiesvprose1.Puritanismv清教思想清教思想vHereAmericanPuritanismwillbethefirstmajorto

7、pic,theoneenduringinfluenceinAmericanLiterature.vmainfigure:JonathanEdwards2.ThePeriodofEnlightenmentvThe18thcenturyAmericanhistorywitnessedtwogreatrevolutions:AmericanRevolutionEnlightenmentEnlightenmentvanintellectualmovementwhoserationalisticspiritinspiredAmericanmenoflettersbroughtthemintoanewho

8、rizonvbeyondthelimitationofprevailingPuritanismvThetworevolutionsproducedanumberofoutstandingpoliticalandliteraryfigures,suchasBenjaminFranklinThomasPaineThomasJeffersonvTheirliterarytalentenabledthemtobepoliticalleaders.II.The Romantic Period(1790-1865)vdividedintotwoperiods:v1.TheperiodofPre-roman

9、ticism1790-1830v2.TheperiodofPost-romanticism1830-18651.Pre-romanticismvnew writers and poets who gave up the bondage of the England literature,such as IrvingCooper2.Post-romanticismvoften known as New England Transcendentalism(first)American Renaissancevcalled as the first Flowering Stagesvmainly o

10、riginated in New Englandmainwriters:vEmerson(爱默生)&Thoreau(爱默生)vNovelists:Hawthorne(霍桑)&Melville(梅尔维尔)vPoetsWhitman(惠特曼)&Dickson(迪金森)vEdgarAllanPoe(爱伦坡)vSlavery-abolishingLiterature:HarrietBeecherStoweUncle Tomes CabinIII.The Age of Realism(1865-1918)vTheCivilWar(1861-65)broughttheRomanticperiodtoane

11、nd.vTheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.vMainnovelists:MarkTwainandHenryJamesandHowellsVI.American Naturalism自然主义自然主义(1890-1918)vAnewandharsherrealismvMajorwriters：StephenCraneFrankNorrisTheodoreDreiserJackLondonOHenryV.AmericanModernism(1910-1930)andAmericanliteraturesince1945vtheyearsfrom1910to1930vt

12、hereseemstohavebeeninbothEuropeandAmericaastrongawarenessofsomesortof“break”withthepast.vThe Era of Modernism was indeed the era of the New which led to some literary trendsv1.Imagism:EzraPoundv2.Lostgeneration:FitzgeraldandHemingwayv3.BlackAmericanLiteratureHarlemv4.StreamofConsciousness:Faulknerv5

13、.Drama:ONeill,Miller,Williams,AlbeePart I Literature of Colonial Americanv主要内容:Generalbackground,majorwritersandtheirworksv重点难点:AmericanPuritanismContentsvI.HistoricalIntroductionvII.PuritanandPuritanismI.HistoricalIntroductionvEuropeannationscametotheAmericastoincreasetheirwealthbroadentheirinfluen

14、ceoverworldaffairsvTheSpanish:thefirsttosettleinwhatisnowtheUnitedStatesvBy1650,however,EnglandhadestablishedadominantpresenceontheAtlanticcoast.vThefirstcolonyfoundedat:Jamestown,Virginia,in1607vManyofthepeoplewhosettledintheNewWorldcametoescapereligiouspersecution.TwoImportantNewEnglandSettlements

15、v1.The Plymouth Colonyv2.The Massachusetts Bay ColonyThe Mayflower1.The Plymouth ColonyvFlagshipname:“Mayflower”vArrives:1620vLeader:WilliamBradford(布拉德福布拉德福)vSettlers:knownasPilgrimsandSeparatists-Separatists:脱离英国国教者脱离英国国教者Mayflowerv“TheMayflowerCompact”providesforsocial,religious,andeconomicfreedo

16、mstillmaintainstiestoGreatBritain2.The Massachusetts Bay ColonyvFlagshipname:ArbellavArrives:1630vLeader:JohnWinthrop(温斯洛普温斯洛普)vSettlers:mostlyPuritansorCongregationalPuritans(公理会教徒)“TheArbellaCovenant”vclearlyestablishesareligiousandtheocraticsettlementvfreeoftiestoGreatBritainvInthetwosettlements,

17、thecolonistsflourishedwithsomeassistancefromNativeAmericans.(Thanksgiving)vNewWorldgrains:Corn:keptthecolonistsfromstarvingTobacco:providedavaluablecashcropvGreatBritains13NorthAmericancoloniesvEnslavedAfricansvBy1770,morethan2millionpeoplelivedandworkedthere.II.TheFirstAmericanWriterJohnSmith(1580-

18、1631)vJohnSmithmaysoundlikethenameofaveryordinarymanvintruthhewasoneofthemorecolorfulcharactersinearlyAmerica.vNotregardedbymanyasagreatmanvButwithoutquestion,heplayedasignificantroleinthewrittenrecordsoftheearlycolonizationofAmerica.II.PuritansandPuritanismv1.Puritans v2.Puritanism1.Puritans vAmemb

19、erofagroupofEnglishProtestantswhointhe16thand17thcenturiesadvocatedstrictreligiousdisciplinealongwithsimplificationoftheceremoniesandcreedsoftheChurchofEngland.vpuritan:onewholivesinaccordancewithProtestantprecepts(教训教训,训诫训诫),especiallyonewhoregardspleasureorluxuryassinful.vEnglishreligiousandpoliti

20、calreformersfledtheirnativelandinsearchofreligiousfreedomsettledandcolonizedNewEnglandinthe17thcenturyvTheywishedtoreformor“purify”theirreligiousbeliefsandpractice.vTothem,religionshouldbeamatterofpersonalfaithratherthanaritual.2.Puritanism(1)FeaturesofPuritanisma.Predestination(命运命运,造化造化):Goddecide

21、deverythingbeforethingsoccurred.b.Original sinvHumanbeingswereborntobeevilvthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration“InAdamsfall,weallsin.”vThroughAdamandEvesfall,everypersonisbornsinful.vTheyconsideredthatmanwasbornsinfulwasasinnercouldnoteredeemhisoriginalsinc.TotaldepravityvAsacons

22、equenceoftheFallofMan,everypersonbornintotheworldisenslavedtotheserviceofsinutterlyunabletochoosetofollowGodorchoosetoacceptsalvationasitisfreelyofferedd.LimitedatonementOnlythe“elect”canbesaved.MoreTermsTheHolyBible:vtheguidebooktomansbehaviors.UnconditionalElection:vGod“saves”thosehewishesvonlyafe

23、wareselectedforsalvationvconceptofpredestinationLimitedAtonementvJesusdiedforthechosenonly,notforeveryone.IrresistibleGrace:vGodsgraceisfreelygiven,itcannotbeearnedordenied.vGraceisdefinedasthesavingandtransfiguringpowerofGod.vOvertheyearsinthenewhomeland,theybuiltawayoflifethatstressedhardworkthrif

24、tpietysobrietyvReligiousactivities:amatteroffirstimportanceandallothersshouldservethereligionvTheirlives:disciplinedandhard(2)InfluenceofPuritanismonAmericanliteratureva.Thespiritofoptimismvb.Symbolismasatechniquevc.Simplicity(3)TheFunctionofPuritanWritersv1.TotransformamysteriousGod.v2.Tomakehimmor

25、erelevanttotheuniverse.v3.ToglorifyGod.(4)TheStyleofPuritanWritinga.Protestant-againstornateness;reverencefortheBible.b.Purposivenessc.Puritanwritingreflectedthecharacterandscopeofthereadingpublic,whichwasliterateandwell-groundedinreligion.vThestyle:fresh,simpleanddirectvTherhetoric:plainandhonest,w

26、ithatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.4.Overview of the literature v(1)typesofwritingdiaries,journalshistoriesletterstravelbookssermonsautobiographies/biographies(2)writersofcolonialperiodva.AnneBradstreetvb.EdwardTaylorvc.RogerWilliamsvd.ThomasPaineve.PhilipFreneauIII.Lite

27、rarySceneinColonialPeriodvForm,contentandwritingstyleintheliteratureoftheearlycolonialperioda.Form:personalliteratureinitsvariousforms;b.Content:servedeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorbothc.Writingstyle:imitatedandtransplantedEnglishliterarytraditionsvThefirstAmericanwriter:CaptainJohnSmithvThebestpoet

28、inthecolonialAmerica:EdwardTaylorvThemostfamouspoetessinthecolonialAmerica:AnneBradstreetvClassIsOver.(1)CaptainJohnSmithv1580-1631，约翰史密斯船长vLedthefirstgroupofimmigrantsin1607vSettleddownandestablishedthefirstBritishcolonyvA Description of New England新英格兰介绍vThe General History of Virginia弗吉尼亚通史(2)Wil

29、liamBradfordv1590-1675，威廉布雷福德vLedMayflowerin1620andarrivedatCapeCodvEstablishedtheColonyofPlymouthPlantation普利茅斯开发史(3)John Winthropv15881649，约翰温思罗普vLedthefirstgroupofPuritansintheGreatImmigrationin1630vAModelofChristianCharity基督教博爱的典范vmanifestedthepurposeandintentionoftheirjourney(4)Anne Bradstreetv

30、1612-1672,安妮布拉德斯特里特v“AsWearyPilgrim”疲乏的朝圣者v“TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica”美洲最近出现的第十缪斯(5)v1642-1729,爱德华泰勒vMetricalHistoryofChristianity基督教史b.Writingforcivilandreligiousfreedom(1)RogerWilliams(1603-1683)罗杰威廉斯vTheBloodyTenetofPersecutionfortheCauseofConscience(2)PhilipFreneau(17521832)菲利普弗瑞诺vTheBritishPrisonship英国囚船vTheRisingGloryofAmerica美洲光辉的兴起vTheIndianBuryingGround印地安人墓地vTheWildHoneysuckle野金银花