报刊选读课件 Unit 2

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1、英美报刊选读华中科技大学出版社华中科技大学出版社吴潜龙吴潜龙 编著编著保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读Introduction to Newspaper English语法特点语法特点 Grammatical Feature英语报刊标题的语法特点主要包括：（一）省略、（二）广泛使用现在时、（三）广英语报刊标题的语法特点主要包括：（一）省略、（二）广泛使用现在时、（三）广泛使用非谓语动词三个方面。泛使用非谓语动词三个方面。（一）省略（一）省略（Omission）英美报刊标题语法的最大特点就是省略。为了节省篇幅和有紧凑感，记者在写标题时英美报刊标题语法的最大

2、特点就是省略。为了节省篇幅和有紧凑感，记者在写标题时往往会省略一切无实意的词：冠词、连词、代词，助动词和动词往往会省略一切无实意的词：冠词、连词、代词，助动词和动词to be等。等。例如：例如：1.37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash=37 were killed in an Italian Plane Crash 意大利一飞机坠毁意大利一飞机坠毁37人遇难人遇难2.Poverty,Pregnancy Linked=Poverty and Pregnancy linked 多子与贫困相连多子与贫困相连3.Mother,Daughter Share Fulbright

3、 Year=A Mother and Her Daughter Share a Fulbright Year 母女同享富布莱特访学年母女同享富布莱特访学年（二）广泛使用一般现在时（二）广泛使用一般现在时（Wide Use of the Simple Present Tense）英语报刊标题通常使用一般现在时代替几乎所有的时态。其主要目的是突出事件的现英语报刊标题通常使用一般现在时代替几乎所有的时态。其主要目的是突出事件的现实感和新鲜感，使读者阅读时有实感和新鲜感，使读者阅读时有“身临其境身临其境”之感。增强读者的阅读兴趣。之感。增强读者的阅读兴趣。例如：例如：1.Thailand Calls

4、For IMF Rescue Plan 泰国急需国际货币基金组织援救泰国急需国际货币基金组织援救2.Bomb Injuries 26 on Paris Train 巴黎火车站炸弹爆炸，二十六人受伤巴黎火车站炸弹爆炸，二十六人受伤保定学院外语系英语教研室（三）广泛使用非谓语动词（三）广泛使用非谓语动词（Wide Use of Non-Finite Verbs）英语报刊标题中非谓语动词的主要用法是：英语报刊标题中非谓语动词的主要用法是：(1)不定式表示将来时不定式表示将来时；（；（2）现现在分词表示进行时在分词表示进行时（3）过去分词表示过去时或被动语态。例如：过去分词表示过去时或被动语态。例如：

5、（1）不定式：不定式：1.Iraq to Have Nuclear Bomb by Next Year 伊拉克明年将造出核武器伊拉克明年将造出核武器2.CIA to Recruit More Spies after Nuclear Humiliation 刺探核武器情报蒙羞，刺探核武器情报蒙羞，中情局决定再招人马中情局决定再招人马（2）现在分词：现在分词：1.Deposits,Loans Rising in HK 香港储贷利率在上升香港储贷利率在上升2.India Mending Fences 印度正在改善与邻国的关系印度正在改善与邻国的关系（3）过去分词：过去分词：1.New Oxford

6、Chancellor Elected=The New Oxford Chancellor has been elected 牛津大学选出新校长牛津大学选出新校长2.Two Workmen Injured in Electrical Accident=Two workmen were injured in an Electrical accident 电气事故，两人受伤电气事故，两人受伤保定学院外语系英语教研室Unit 2 Violence and Terrorism WorldwideTerrorists Hijack 4 Airliners,Destroy World Trade Cente

7、r,Hit Pentagon;Hundreds DeadBush Promises Retribution;Military Put on Highest Alert 保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读 terrorist:n.person who supports or participates in terrorism 恐怖主义者；恐怖分子恐怖主义者；恐怖分子 hijack:v.seize control of(a vehicle,esp an aircraft)in order to force it to go to a new destinati

8、on,to take its passengers hostage or to steal its cargo 劫持（交通工具，劫持（交通工具，尤指飞行器）尤指飞行器）eg:The plane was hijacked while on a flight to London.airliner:n.large passenger aircraft（大型民航）班机（大型民航）班机 Pentagon:the five-sided building near Washington that is the headquarters of the US Department of Defense and

9、the US armed forces 五角大楼（美国国防部办公处）五角大楼（美国国防部办公处）retribution:n.deserved punishment or compensation 应得的应得的惩罚或赔偿惩罚或赔偿 eg:make retribution to God for ones sins 向上帝赎罪向上帝赎罪 alert:n.special watchfulness before or during an attack 警戒警戒保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读World Trade Center&Pentag

10、on保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读保定学院外语系英语教研室保定学院外语系英语教研室英美报刊选读英美报刊选读Words and ExpressionsPara.1 unleash:v.set sth free from control;release sth in a powerful attack(on sb/sth)使使某物不受控制；放出某物，对（某人或某物）进行强有力的攻击；发动某物不受控制；放出某物，对（某人或某物）进行强有力的攻击；发动 eg:unleash the for

11、ces of nuclear power 发出核动力的攻击力发出核动力的攻击力 assault:n.sudden violent attack 突袭、突击突袭、突击 crash:v.(cause sth to)have a collision（使某物）猛撞（使某物）猛撞 eg:He crashed his car into a wall.Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州宾夕法尼亚州Para.2 reliable:adj.dependable 可靠的可靠的 estimate:n.judgment or calculation of the approximate size,cost,val

12、ue,etc of sth估计、估价估计、估价 devastating:adj.very destructive 破坏力极强的；毁灭性的破坏力极强的；毁灭性的 eg:a devastating war,famine,storm,etc 毁灭性的战争、饥荒、风暴等毁灭性的战争、饥荒、风暴等保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.3 indelible:adj.(of marks,stains,ink,etc)that cannot be rubbed out or removed(指记号、污迹、墨迹等）擦不掉的，指记号、污迹、墨迹等）擦不掉的，难以去除的难以去除的 eg:indelible shame

13、 雪洗不掉的耻辱雪洗不掉的耻辱 an indelible memory无法磨灭的记忆无法磨灭的记忆 carnage:n.killing of many people 大屠杀大屠杀 eg:a scene of carnage 大屠杀的场面大屠杀的场面 chaos:plete disorder or confusion 混乱；紊乱混乱；紊乱 eg:The bad weather has caused chaos on the mandeer:take possession or control forcibly for official purposes 争取，强占，争取，强占，征用征用 obli

14、terate:v.1）remove all signs of sth;rub or blot out 除去某物的痕迹；涂去；除去某物的痕迹；涂去；擦掉擦掉 eg:She tried to obliterate all memory of her father.2）destroy sth completely 彻底破坏或毁灭某物彻底破坏或毁灭某物 保定学院外语系英语教研室 perch:n.place where a bird rests;high seat or position 鸟类的栖息处；高座，高鸟类的栖息处；高座，高位；有利的地位位；有利的地位 rip:v.divide or make

15、a hole in sth by pulling sharply 撕裂或拉破某物撕裂或拉破某物 eg:Ive ripped my trousers.blaze:v.burn brightly and fiercely 猛烈地燃烧猛烈地燃烧 eg:When the firemen arrived the whole building was blazing.swath:n.狭长的条或片狭长的条或片 imposing:adj.impressive in appearance or manner;grand 壮观的；令人印象深壮观的；令人印象深刻的刻的 fortress:n.castle or la

16、rge fort 堡垒，要塞堡垒，要塞 ground:v.require or force(an aircraft)to stay on the ground 要求或迫使（飞行要求或迫使（飞行器）停留在地面；停飞器）停留在地面；停飞 eg:All aircraft at London Airport were grounded by fog today.plunge:n.(cause sth to)fall into sth suddenly and with force（使某物）突然而（使某物）突然而猛力投入、穿入、进入等猛力投入、穿入、进入等 eg:They plunged into th

17、e water.unparalleled:adj.having no parallel or equal;unmatched 无比的；无双的；无匹无比的；无双的；无匹的的保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.4 state of alert 警戒状态警戒状态 deploy:v.move into the correct position for battle 调度；部署调度；部署Para.5-bound:（用以构成复合形容词）（用以构成复合形容词）heading for a specified place or in a specified direction 向某处的；向某方向的向某处的；向某方

18、向的 eg:We are London-bound.我们是前往伦敦的。我们是前往伦敦的。coordinate:v.cause to function together efficiently 使协调，协同动作使协调，协同动作 eg:The plan was not very well coordinated.这计划各部分配合得不够好这计划各部分配合得不够好 slam:v.put,push,throw or knock sth with great force 猛力地放、推、扔猛力地放、推、扔或敲某物；猛击，撞击或敲某物；猛击，撞击 eg:She slammed the box down on

19、the table.她使劲把盒子摔在桌子上。她使劲把盒子摔在桌子上。renovate:v.restore to good condition 修复；整修修复；整修 Pittsburgh:匹兹堡（宾夕法尼亚州西南部城市）匹兹堡（宾夕法尼亚州西南部城市）保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.6 aboard:on or into a ship,an aircraft,a train or a bus 在在船船、飞飞机机、火火车车或或公公共共汽汽车上车上 horrific:adj.causing horror;horrifying 令人恐惧的，可怕的令人恐惧的，可怕的 eg:a horrific cra

20、sh,murder 令人心惊胆战的相撞事故、谋杀令人心惊胆战的相撞事故、谋杀 tally:score;reckoning 计分；计算；点数计分；计算；点数 eg:Keep a tally of how much you spend.untallied adj.不可计算的不可计算的 brokerage:n.代理公司代理公司 account for:be the explanation of sth;explain the cause of sth 作作某某事事物物的的解解释释；解释某事物的原因解释某事物的原因Para.7 spectacular:impressive or extraordina

21、ry 引人注目的；与众不同的；惊人的引人注目的；与众不同的；惊人的 bloodshed:n.killing or wounding of people 伤亡；流血伤亡；流血 presume:v.suppose(sth)to be true;take（sth)for granted 假定（某事物假定（某事物)是事实；认定某事物；假设；推测是事实；认定某事物；假设；推测 eg:I presume that an agreement will eventually be reached.Frasier:欢乐一家亲欢乐一家亲，美国历史上最伟大的喜剧之一美国历史上最伟大的喜剧之一 hockey scou

22、ts:n.球队间谍球队间谍 scout:n.侦察员侦察员;侦察舰侦察舰;侦察机侦察机保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.8 Islamic extremist:n.伊斯兰极端主义者伊斯兰极端主义者 fugitive:n.person who is running away or escaping 逃跑者；逃亡者逃跑者；逃亡者 eg:a fugitive from justice 逃犯逃犯 implicate:v.show that sb is involved in sth,esp a crime 显示某人牵连于某事（尤指罪行）；涉及显示某人牵连于某事（尤指罪行）；涉及 eg：His enemi

23、es tried to implicate him in the murder.他的仇人竭力想把他牵扯进谋杀案中。他的仇人竭力想把他牵扯进谋杀案中。both parties:the Republican Party&the Democratic Party in AmericaPara.9 grim:adj.severe;very serious 严厉的，非常严肃的严厉的，非常严肃的 eg:a grim face,look,etc denounce:v.say that sb/sth is wrong,unlawful,etc 谴责；指责；责斥谴责；指责；责斥 eg:She strongly

24、denounced the Governments hypocrisy.她强烈谴责政府虚伪。她强烈谴责政府虚伪。hunt down:pursue sb/sth until he/it is found 对某人或某物穷追到底对某人或某物穷追到底 harbor:v.protect or give shelter to 庇护；保护庇护；保护保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.11 camouflage:n.伪装，掩饰伪装，掩饰 v.hide sb/sth by camouflage eg:The soldiers camouflaged themselves with leaves and branc

25、hes.士兵们用树枝树叶把自己伪装起来。士兵们用树枝树叶把自己伪装起来。armored:v.covered or protected with armor 装甲的装甲的 eg:an armored car Humvee n.一种摩托车牌子一种摩托车牌子 tote:v.(infml口口)carry sth 携带某物携带某物 eg:Ive been toting this bag round all day fatigue:n.great tiredness,usually resulting from hard work or exercise 疲劳疲劳 eg:We were all suffe

26、ring from fatigue at the end of our journey.Para.12 reverberate:v.echo or resound repeatedly 回声；回响；反响回声；回响；反响 eg:Shock waves reverberated round the department from the managers resignation.经理辞职一事在该部门引起轩然大波。经理辞职一事在该部门引起轩然大波。bolster:v.give support to sb/sth;strengthen or reinforce sth 支持某人、支持某人、某事物；加强

27、某事物某事物；加强某事物 eg:bolster sbs courage 增加某人的勇气增加某人的勇气 evacuate:v.remove sb from a place of danger to a safer place 疏散疏散保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.13 soar:go up high in the air quickly;rising rapidly 急速上升急速上升 dump:v.sell abroad at a very low price 向国外廉价倾销，向国外廉价倾销，向市场大量低价向市场大量低价投放投放 share:n.股；股分；股票股；股分；股票 frenzy:v

28、.state of extreme excitement 极度激动的状态极度激动的状态 frenzied:adj.wildly excited;frantic 狂乱的，狂躁的，发狂的狂乱的，狂躁的，发狂的 eg:The dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks.那狗狂吠着跳起扑那狗狂吠着跳起扑向闯向闯 进来的人。进来的人。array:n.series 一系列；一大批一系列；一大批Para.14 blistering:adj.(of criticism)severe;sharp(指批评）严厉的，尖锐的指批评）严厉的，尖锐的 glee:n.fee

29、ling of great delight which makes one want to laugh 欢乐；高兴欢乐；高兴保定学院外语系英语教研室Para.15 lax:adj.not sufficiently strict or severe;negligent 不严格的；不严厉的；疏忽不严格的；不严厉的；疏忽的的 eg:Hes too lax with his pupils.fathom:v.understand or comprehend sb/sth fully 充分理解某人、某事物；领充分理解某人、某事物；领悟悟 eg:I cannot fathom his remarks.cat

30、astrophe:n.sudden great disaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸祸 eg:The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe.Para.16 installation:n.that which is installed 安装物；装置；设备；台；站安装物；装置；设备；台；站 eg:a heating installation 取暖装置取暖装置Para.17 apparatus:plex structure of an organization 机构；机关；组织机构；机关；组织 eg:the whole apparatus of government 整个政府机构整个政府机构 off ones guard:unprepared for an attack,a surprise or a mistake失去警惕失去警惕 eg:The lawyers seemingly innocent question caught the witness off his guard.保定学院外语系英语教研室Homework Remember all the new words and expressions Read the following two passages保定学院外语系英语教研室