English-literature-IV-17世纪英国文学课件

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1、EnglishLiteraturein17thcenturyEnglish Literaturein the 17th centuryKey Points in the 17th C.LiteraturelThe 17th Century:A Brief IntroductionlJohn DonneIntroductionWorkslJohn MiltonIntroductionWorkslJohn DrydenIntroductionWorkslJohn BunyanIntroductionWorksBackgroundKnowledgeBackgroundKnowledgeBackgro

2、undKnowledge ElizabethI（15331603)TheVirginQueen“童贞女王童贞女王”ElizabethsHeadachevWhenElizabethbecamequeen,sheneededtostraightthreethings:Religion,security,andgettingmarried.JamesIofEnglandTheEnglishBourgeoisRevolutionTheWeakeningoftheTieMonarchyBourgeoisieinterests in commonharmonycooperation strove to c

3、onsolidate its positionQueen ElizabethParliamentceased to depend upon the protectionof the MonarchyJames I,Charles IBackgroundKnowledgevTudordynasty(1485-1603)都铎王朝都铎王朝vTheHouseofStuart(1603-1649)(1660-1714)斯图亚特王朝斯图亚特王朝vParliamentdeclaredmonopolieswereillegalvCharles1stdissolveditin1629vCivilWar:1642

4、-1649vCharles1stwaskilledvBourgeoisdictatorship(1649-1660)vCromwellvRestoration(1660-1688)vCharlesIIandJamesIIvGloriousRevolution(1688)vWilliam,PrinceofOrange,fromHolland,Maryshusband(MaryisthedaughterofJames2nd)vMary(1688-1694)vWilliam(1694-1702)vAnnie(1702-1714)James1(1603-1625)Charles1(1625-1649)

5、FrenchPrincess:MaryCharles(1st,die)Charles2(1660-1685)MaryJames2(youngest)(1685-1688)6illegalchildrenWilliamfromHolland(1694-1702)Mary(1688-1694)JamesAnne(1702-1714)Representatives:vJohnMiltonvJohnBunyanvJohnDonnevSomeprose-writersvJohnDrydenthePuritanpoets清教徒派诗人清教徒派诗人theMetaphysicalpoets玄学派诗人玄学派诗人t

6、heCavalierpoets保皇派诗人保皇派诗人Ifeveramanaskedforeverybadthingthatcametohim,thatmanhasgottobeKingCharlesI,JamesIsson.Hewasarrogant,untrustworthy,and,aboveall,utterlyblindtotherealityofwhathewasupagainst.(HebecamekingonlybecausehiselderbrotherHenrydiedunexpectedly.)JamesIhadleftaverytrickypoliticalandrelig

7、ioussituationtohissuccessor.Charlesmadeitawholelotworse.vTheparliamentcomplainedandtriedtorestrictCharlesIspower,theKingwasunhappy.AndtheleadingfigureinParliamentbitterlyattackedthechangesCharleswasmakingtothechurchsincetheKinghadgettingtoughwithPuritansalways.SoCharlessenthismessengerdowntotheHouse

8、ofCommonstodissolve(dismiss)it.CharlescalledupParliamentagainafterhavingdissolveditelevenyearsearlier.Youcantfightawarwithoutmoney,andCharlessimplydidnthaveenough.Thistaxwassupposedtopayforafleettoprotectthecoast.Anditraisedalotofmoney.ButthenfolkdiscoveredthatCharleswasusingthemoneytosupporttheCath

9、olicSpanishagainsttheProtestantDutch,sotheEnglishstoppedpayingit.vTheleadersoftheParliamentsaid thatCharleswouldhavetoletParliamenttakeover,butmarchedintotheHouseofCommonswithatroopofsoldierstoarrestthem.Parliamentresistedhim.TheresultwasCivilWar.vParliamentcompletelyreorganizeditsanditwasthisnewlAr

10、myunderCromwellandSirThomasFairfaxthatfinallydefeatedCharlesattheBattleofNaseby.Theunthinkablehadhappened:TheKinghadlostthewar.vParliamentputthekingontrial.Thisactshowedthatthepeople,nottheking,weresovereign.CharlesIrefusedtorecognizethatthecourtwasinanywaylegalandsatindignifiedsilencethroughoutthet

11、rial.Doingsodidntsavehim.ThecourtfoundCharlesguiltyoftreason,andCromwellhimselfsignedthedeathwarrant.vOnacoldJanuarymorningin1649,CharlesIsteppedoutofthewindowofhisfathersgreatBanquetingHouseinWhitehallontoascaffoldandlaidhisheadontheblock.Aterriblegroanwasheardastheaxecamedown,andpeoplerushedforwar

12、dtodiptheirhandkerchiefsinhisbloodweretheyafteraholyrelic,orjustasouvenir?vOliverCromwellwasaPuritanandagentlemanlandownerfromHuntingdon.HewasntallthatprominentuntilheprovedasuperbcavalrycommanderintheCivilWar.CromwelltraineduptheNewModelArmyandfromthenonhewasrightatthecentreofevents.vTheScotswereou

13、tragedthattheEnglishhadexecutedtheirking(CharlesIwasKingofScotlandtoo,dontforget).So,toteachtheEnglishalesson,theScotsdefiantlycrownedCharlesIssonasKingCharlesIIinEdinburgh.ThatactionbroughtCromwellchargingnorthwithanarmy.HedefeatedtheScots.CharlesII,whowasnofool,hadtorunforhislife.InEngland,OliverC

14、romwelltookcharge.vParliamentabolishedthemonarchyandtheHouseofLords.HenceforthEnglandwasacommonwealtharepublic.CromwellwenttowarwithHollandandSpainandbeatthemboth;heunifiedScotlandandEnglandintoonecountrywithoneParliament,whichgavetheScotsfreeaccesstoEnglishmarkets;andaboveall,hekeptthepeace.vCromwe

15、llsawtheCatholicIrishasdangeroussavages,servingareligionhebelievedtobetheworkofthedevil.In1649hecameovertoIreland,tookit,andmassacredeveryonetheycouldfind.IrelandtookcenturiestorecovervCromwelldiedin1658.HissonRichardbecameLordProtectorbuthewastooweak,andhecouldntcontrolthearmy.vOverintheNetherlands

16、,CharlesIIannouncedthatiftheEnglishtookhimbackhedofferafreepardon,freedomofreligion,andhedpaythearmy.AnofficercalledGeneralMonckdecidedthiswastoogoodanoffertomiss.HemarcheddowntoLondonfromScotlandwithanarmy,gotanewParliamenttogether,andpersuadedittotakeCharlesIIuponhisoffer.Theyinvitedhimtocomehomea

17、ndhecame.TheycalledthiseventtheRestoration.CharlesIIvCharlesIIcomestoEnglandWildcheeringbrokeoutwhenCharlesIIcamehome.Suddenlyeveryonehadbeenasecretroyalistallalong,ButheneverreallytrustedParliament,butCharleshadtogrithisteethandbidedhistime.vIn1678ahugePopish(Catholic)Plotwassaidtoexist.Therewasnt,

18、butParliamentputtodeath24CatholicsincludingtheArchbishop;manyothersdiedinprison.WhenthetruthcameoutCharlespounced.HedissolvedParliamentandruledwithoutit.WhensomeoldCromwelliansreallydidplantokillCharles,hehadthemarrestedandexecuted.Hewasstillfirmlyincontrolwhenhediedin1685.vTheoutbreakofplaguehitLon

19、donin1665.Thousandsdied,andinfectedhouseshadtobesealedupwiththepeopleinsidethem.Noonehadacurebecausenoonereallyknewwhatcausedit.Thenextyear,thecityburnttothegroundinaterrible.Bytheendthecitywasasmokingruin,includingthegreatCathedralofStPaul.KingJamesIIvJamesIIwastheyoungerbrotherofCharlesII,buthedid

20、nthaveanyofhisbrotherspoliticalskill.Evenmoreimportantly,JameswasaCatholic.AttemptshadalreadybeenmadetoexcludehimfromthethroneevenduringCharlesIIsreign.vButwhenJamesdidsucceedhisbrotherin1685,initiallyheseemedpreparedtoletbygonesbebygones.Butthenthingsbegantogobadlywrong.KingJamesIIKingJamesIIandCha

21、rlesIKingJamesIIv1)1685MonmouthsrebellionendedwiththeKingsvictory.v2)1685TheBloodyAssizesendedwithsomethreehundredpeopletodeath,withhundredsmorebeingfloggedortransportedtotheWestIndies.Thecountryisappalled.v3)1686JamesIIstartsappointingCatholicsasarmyofficersandtoimportantposts.KingJamesIIv4)1687Jam

22、esIIissueswithoutconsultingParliamentaDeclarationofIndulgence.Intheorythisdeclarationoffersfreedomofreligiontoall.InrealityitisdesignedtopromotetheCatholicChurch.Churchmenorcivilservantswhoopposeitaresacked.v5)1688JamesIIsattempttoprosecutesevenAnglicanbishopsforopposingtheDeclarationofIndulgencevTh

23、efinalstrawforProtestantscamewhenJamesIIsCatholicqueen,MaryofModena,gavebirthtoahealthybabyboy,namedJamesEdwardafterhisfather.vJamesIIalreadyhadtwogrown-upProtestantdaughters,MaryandAnne,byapreviousmarriage.vButasaboylittleJamesEdwardtookprecedence.ThatmeantanotherCatholicking(sincelittleJamesEdward

24、wouldcertainlybebroughtupasaCatholic)andprobablyanotheroneafterthat,andsoon.Theprospectdidntbearthinkingof.Thetimehadcometoact.KingJamesIIvOn5November1688theDutchruler,PrinceWilliamofOrange,landedinDevonwithanarmytooverturnJamesII.WhenJamessarmydesertedtoWilliam,Jamesknewhisreignwasover.HefledtoFran

25、ce,takinghiswifeandlittleJamesEdwardwithhim.(Actually,Jamesgotcaughtatthecoastandbeatenupbysomefishermen,sotoavoidputtinghimontrial,whichwouldhavebeenhighlyembarrassing,nottomentionconstitutionallytricky,WilliamhadtoallowJamestoescapeagain!)KingJamesIIWilliamofOrangevWilliamwasJamesIIsson-in-lawhedm

26、arriedJamessdaughterMary.HewasalsooneoftheleadingProtestantprincesinEurope.Infact,themainreasonhelandedinEnglandwastomakesuretheEnglishjoinedinthewarhewasplanningwithKingLouisXIVofFrance.vParliamentsaidthatWilliamandMarycouldonlybecomekingandqueeniftheyagreedtoaBillofRights,whichsaidthattheyhadtosum

27、monParliamentfrequently,andthatCatholicscouldnotbekingorqueenorholdanyofficialpost.WilliamofOrangeMeaningofThisRevolutionv1)thesupremacyofParliament;v2)thebeginningofmodernEngland;v3)thefinaltriumphoftheprincipleofpoliticallibertyforwhichthePuritanhadfoughtandsufferedhardshipsforahundredyears.TheInf

28、luenceofPuritansonLiteraturevPuritansbelievedinsimplicityoflife.Theydisapprovedofthesonnetsandlovepoetry.vIn1642thetheatreswereclosedandtheBiblebecamenowtheonebookofthepeople.vWithnofixedstandardofliterarycriticismthererosethe“metaphysicalpoets”.vThespiritualgloomwasactuallyduetothebreakingupofaccep

29、tedstandardsingovernmentandreligion.PuritansMetaphysicalpoetsandcavalierpoetsvDuringthe17thcentury,thereappearedtwoschoolsofpoets:Metaphysicalandcavalierpoets.vI.MetaphysicalPoetryvThe term applies to a group English poets who usedcertaincommontechniquesandemployedafewcommonthemes.vRevoltagainstthet

30、raditionofElizabethanlovepoetryvPsychologicalanalysisofemotionsofloveandreligionvPenchant（嗜好，倾向）（嗜好，倾向）fornovelandevenshockingcomparisonsMetaphysicalpoetsvWitharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.Thedictionissimpleascomparedwithth

31、atoftheElizabethanortheneoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadences（节奏，韵律（节奏，韵律）ofcommonspeech.Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoetsbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.Donneandhisfollowers,duetothechangeofthetaste,wererarelyreadduringthe18thandearly19thcentur

32、ies.MetaphysicalpoetsvHowever,thelate19thandearly20thcenturieswitnessedarenewedinterestinDonneandothermetaphysicalpoets.Thisnewrecognitionhasarisenfromarealizationoftheseriousnessoftheirart,aninterestintheirspiritofrevolt,theirrealism,andotheraffinitieswithmoderninterests,aswellasfromthefactthatthey

33、producedsomefinepoetry.T.S.Eliot,JohnRansom,andAllenTateareexamplesofmodernpoetswhohavebeenmostlyaffectedbythemetaphysicalinfluence.MetaphysicalpoetsvJohnDonneistheleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool.Hispoemsgiveamoreinherentlytheatricalimpressionbyexhibitingaseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperience

34、sandattitudes,andafreerangeoffeelingsandmoods.Themodeisdynamicratherthanstatic,withingenuityofspeech,vividnessofimageryandvitalityofrhythms,whichshowanotablecontrasttotheotherElizabethanlyricpoemswhicharepure,serene,tuneful,andsmooth-running.ThemoststrikingfeaturesofDonnespoetryispreciselyitstangofr

35、eality,inthesensethatitseemstoreflectlifeinarealratherthanapoeticalworld.Herbert,Vaughan,Crashaw,MarvellandCowleyarealsoconsideredtobemetaphysicalpoets.vMetaphysicalconceit（奇喻）（奇喻）-extendedmetaphorvMetaphysicalwit-comparisonofapparentlyquitedissimilarobjectsofconceptsandthediscoverythattheyareaftera

36、llsimilarvRoughnessofmeterandirregularrhymevOthermembersincludeHerbert,Vaughanv:n,Crashaw,MarvellandCowley.JohnDonne(1572-1631)1.LifeandcareervBorninawealthyCatholicfamilywhenpracticeofthatreligionwasillegalinEngland，manyofhisrelativesandfamilywereexecutedorexiledforreligiousreasons.vAt11,hewenttoOx

37、fordandthreeyearslatertoCambridge,HewasunabletoobtainadegreefromeitherinstitutionbecauseofhisCatholicism.1.LifeandcareervBytheageof25hewaswellpreparedforthediplomaticcareer.HewasappointedchiefsecretarytotheLordKeeperoftheGreatSeal,SirThomasEgerton,closetothePalaceofWhitehall（白厅）（白厅）,thenthemostinflu

38、entialsocialcentreinEngland.vDuringthenextfouryears,hefellinlovewithEgertonsnieceAnneMore.TheyweremarriedjustbeforeChristmasin1601,againstthewishesofbothEgertonandGeorgeMore,whowasLieutenantoftheTowerandAnnesfather.ThisweddingruinedDonnescareerandearnedhimashortstayinFleetPrisonvQ:Whatwouldyouboysdo

39、inthissituation?1.LifeandcareervAfterhisrelease,Donnescrapedameagrelivingasalawyer,dependingonhiswifescousinSirFrancisWolleytohousehim,hiswife,andtheirchildren.vAnneboreJohntwelvechildreninsixteenyearsofmarriage,includingtwostillbirthstheireighthlastchildren;indeed,shespentmostofhermarriedlifeeither

40、pregnantornursing,andthreediedbeforeten.Hiswifediedon15August1617,fivedaysaftergivingbirthtotheirtwelfthchild,astill-bornbaby.Donnemournedherdeeply,andwroteofhisloveandlossinhis17thHolySonnet.1.LifeandcareervQ:Doyougirlsliketohavesomanychildrenforthemanyoulovedeeply?vHetriedtoservethekingforapositio

41、nbutJamesrefusedtoreinstate（使恢复）（使恢复）himatcourtandinsteadurgedhimtotakeholyorders.Atlength,DonneaccededtotheKingswishesandin1615wasordainedintotheChurchofEngland.vIn1621DonnewasmadeDeanofStPauls,aleading(andwell-paid)positionintheChurchofEnglandandonehehelduntilhisdeathin1631.1.LifeandcareervDonnese

42、arliestpoemsshowedadevelopedknowledgeofEnglishsocietycoupledwithsharpcriticismofitsproblems.vDonnesearlycareerwasalsonotableforhiseroticpoetry,especiallyhiselegies,inwhichheemployedunconventionalmetaphors,suchas:vafleabitingtwoloversbeingcomparedtosex.2.PoetryandAchievementvInElegy XIX:To His Mistri

43、s Going to Bed,hepoeticallyundressedhismistressandcomparedtheactoffondlingtotheexplorationofAmerica.vInElegy XVIII,hecomparedthegapbetweenhisloversbreaststotheHellespont（达达尼尔海峡）（达达尼尔海峡）.vDonnedidnotpublishthesepoems,althoughdidallowthemtocirculatewidelyinmanuscriptform.2.PoetryandAchievementvDonneis

44、consideredamasterofthemetaphysicalconceit,anextendedmetaphorthatcombinestwovastlydifferentideasintoasingleidea,oftenusingimagery.AnexampleofthisishisequationofloverswithsaintsinTheCanonization.vTheconceitsfoundinotherElizabethanpoetry,aremostnotablyPetrarchanconceits,whichformedclichdcomparisonsbetw

45、eenmorecloselyrelatedobjects(suchasaroseandlove).2.PoetryandAchievementPetrarchanconceitvThePetrarchanconceit,usedinlovepoetry,exploitsaparticularsetofimagesforcomparisonswiththedespairingloverandhisunpityingbutidolizedmistress.Forinstance:theloverisashiponastormysea,andhismistress“acloudofdarkdisda

46、in（鄙视）（鄙视）;orelsetheladyisasunwhosebeautyandvirtueshineonherloverfromadistance.PetrarchanconceitvTheparadoxicalpainandpleasureoflovesicknessisoftendescribedusingoxymoron,forinstanceunitingpeaceandwar,burningandfreezing,andsoforth.ButimageswhichwerenovelinthesonnetsofPetrarchbecameclichsinthepoetryof

47、laterimitators.RomeouseshackneyedPetrarchanconceitswhendescribinghisloveforRosalineasbrightsmoke,coldfire,sickhealth.ConceitvIntheRenaissance,thetermindicatedanyparticularlyfancifulexpressionofwit,andwaslaterusedpejorativelyofoutlandishpoeticmetaphors.vRecentliterarycriticshaveusedthetermtomeansimpl

48、ythestyleofextendedandheightenedmetaphorcommonintheRenaissanceandparticularlyinthe17thcentury,withoutanyparticularindicationofvalue.vMetaphysicalconceitsgotoagreaterdepthincomparingtwocompletelyunlikeobjects.vOneofthemostfamousofDonnesconceitsisfoundinAValediction:ForbiddingMourningwherehecomparestw

49、oloverswhoareseparatedtothetwolegsofacompass.2.PoetryandAchievementJohn Donne 约翰.邓恩(1571-1631)As the leading figure of Metaphysical Poets his poetry possessed a highly idiosyncratic（特殊的，异质的）（特殊的，异质的）quality that reveals a peculiar,brilliant imagination at work,with an unconventional mode of percepti

50、on and thinking,and the power of a mind,at once voluptuous and meditative,and capable of leaving an enduring imprint on his readers.The basic features of Metaphysical poetry are its“wit（奇思妙想）（奇思妙想）”or“conceit（奇喻）（奇喻）”Works“The Flea”“A Valediction（告别演说）:Forbidden Mourning”“Song”“The Canonization（承认为圣

51、典，追封为圣人）”“Death be not Proud”“Batter my heart,three-personed God,for you”2.PoetryandAchievementvDonnesworksarealsowitty,employingparadoxes,puns,andsubtleyetremarkableanalogies.Hispiecesareoftenironicandcynical,especiallyregardingloveandhumanmotives.CommonsubjectsofDonnespoemsarelove(especiallyinhise

52、arlylife),death(especiallyafterhiswifesdeath),andreligion.2.PoetryandAchievementvJohnDonnespoetryrepresentedashiftfromclassicalformstomorepersonalpoetry.Donneisnotedforhispoeticmetre,whichwasstructuredwithchangingandjaggedrhythmsthatcloselyresemblecasualspeechv(itwasforthisthatthemoreclassical-minde

53、dBenJonsoncommentedthatDonne,fornotkeepingofaccent,deservedhanging).2.PoetryandAchievementvThesefeatures,alongwithhisfrequentdramaticoreverydayspeechrhythms,histensesyntaxandhistougheloquence,werebothareactionagainstthesmoothnessofconventionalElizabethanpoetryandanadaptationintoEnglishofEuropeanbaro

54、queandmannerist（矫揉造作）techniques.2.PoetryandAchievement奇喻v指一种是复杂的或者牵强附会的隐喻。它通过使读者感到诧异、震惊、有趣而达到其艺术效果。.奇喻有两种：第一种是彼特拉克式奇喻，这种奇喻以夸张的手法，借用互不相关的事物来表现某物质特征或者现实经历。v第二种是约翰多恩式，玄学派诗人善用奇喻，所谓玄学奇喻，指的是一种悖论性的隐喻，通过喻体和喻指之间的非相似性给读者的心灵带来震撼。奇喻v奇喻也是17世纪英国玄学诗歌中应用最为广泛的一种修辞现象。修辞格奇喻并非特指某一具体的修辞手段，而是一个概念性的修辞复合体，以比喻为主，间或以夸张、矛盾等多种

55、修辞形式出现在诗歌中。v代表诗句：v没有人是与世隔绝的孤岛，v每个人都是大地的一部分；v如果海流冲走一团泥土，v大陆就逝去了一块，v如同逝去一个海岬，奇喻v如同朋友或自己失去家园；v任何人的死都让我受损，v因为我与人类息息相关；v因此，v别去打听钟声为谁鸣响，v它为你鸣响。vNomanisanisland,ventireofitself;veverymanisapieceofthecontinent,vapartofthemain;No Man Is An IslandJohnDonnevifaclodbewashedawaybythesea,vEuropeistheless,vaswella

56、sifapromontorywere,vaswellasifamanorofthyfriendsorofthineownwere:vanymansdeathdiminishesme,vbecauseIaminvolvedinmankind,vandtherefore,vneversendtoknowforwhomthebelltolls;vittollsforthee.v没有人能自全，没有人能自全，没有人是孤岛，没有人是孤岛，每人都是大陆的一片，每人都是大陆的一片，要为本土应卯，要为本土应卯，那便是一块土地，那便是一块土地，那便是一方海角，那便是一方海角，那便是一座庄园，那便是一座庄园，不论是

57、你的、还是朋友的，不论是你的、还是朋友的，一旦海水冲走，一旦海水冲走，欧洲就要变小。欧洲就要变小。任何人的死亡，任何人的死亡，都是我的减少，都是我的减少，作为人类的一员，作为人类的一员，我与生灵共老。我与生灵共老。丧钟在为谁敲，丧钟在为谁敲，我本茫然不晓，我本茫然不晓，不为幽明永隔，不为幽明永隔，它正为你哀悼。（李敖先生译）它正为你哀悼。（李敖先生译）TheFleavMarkbutthisflea,andmarkinthis,vHowlittlethatwhichthoudeniestmeis;vMeitsuckedfirst,andnowsucksthee,vAndinthisfleaour

58、twobloodsmingledbe;vThouknowstthatthiscannotbesaidvAsin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead,vYetthisenjoysbeforeitwoo,vAndpamperedswellswithonebloodmadeoftwo,vAndthis,alas,ismorethanwewoulddo.vOhstay,threelivesinonefleaspare,vWherewealmost,naymorethanmarriedare.TheFleavThisfleaisyouandI,andthisvOurmarriagebe

59、dandmarriagetempleis;vThoughparentsgrudge,andyou,wearemet,vAndcloiseredintheselivingwallsofjet.vThoughusemakeyouapttokillmevLetnottothat,self-murderaddedbe,vAndsacrilege,threesinsinkillingthree.vCruelandsudden,hastthousincevPurpledthynailinbloodofinnocence?vWhereincouldthisfleaguiltybe,vExceptinthat

60、dropwhichitsuckedfromthee?TheFleavYetthoutriumphst,andsaystthatthouvFindstnotthyselfnormetheweakernow;vTistrue;thenlearnhowfalsefearsbe:vJustsomuchhonor,whenthouyieldsttome,vWillwaste,asthisfleasdeathlooklifefromthee.v看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；它先叮我，现在又叮你，它先叮我，现在又叮你，我们的血液在它体

61、内溶和；我们的血液在它体内溶和；你知道这是不能言说的你知道这是不能言说的罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，它没有向我们请求就得到享受，它没有向我们请求就得到享受，饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，这种享受我们无能企及。这种享受我们无能企及。住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。还是你和我，我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；还是你和我，我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。尽管你会

62、习惯地拍死跳蚤，尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。v多么残忍，你毫无犹豫多么残忍，你毫无犹豫用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？它不过吸了你一滴血它不过吸了你一滴血罪不至死啊？罪不至死啊？你却以胜利者的口吻说你却以胜利者的口吻说你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：接受我的爱，接受我的爱，你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。就象跳蚤之死不会让

63、你的生命有所损失。Death Be Not ProudDeathbenotproud,thoughsomehavecalledtheeMightyanddreadful,for,thouartnotso,For,those,whomthouthinkst,thoudostoverthrow,Dienot,poordeath,noryetcanstthoukillme;Fromrestandsleep,whichbutthypicturesbe,Muchpleasure,thenfromthee,muchmoremustflow,Andsoonestourbestmenwiththeedogo,

64、Restoftheirbones,andsoulsdelivery.Thouartslavetofate,chance,kings,anddesperatemen,Anddostwithpoison,war,andsicknessdwell,Andpoppy,orcharmscanmakeussleepaswell,Andbetterthanthystroke;whyswellstthouthen?Oneshortsleeppast,wewakeeternally,Anddeathshallbenomore;Death,thoushaltdie.UnderstandingthepoemvDea

65、th be not proud,though some have called theevMighty and dreadful,for thou art not so;v死神別驕傲，雖然有些人稱呼你v偉大兼可怖，其實你未必是如此 1.personification:death 2.proud:implies Death has the ability to feel pride,giving it a human characteristicvFor those whom thou think thou do overthrow Die not,poor death,nor yet cans

66、t thou kill me.v那些你以為將他們顛覆的人，v其實並沒有死，死神，我也尚未被你殺死vAssonancesnnsn.谐音:v the repetition of vowel sound within a phrase.The sound of the words helps in structuring Donnes writing.Nearly every line contains a repetition of o sounds.vFrom rest and sleep,which but thy pictures be,Much pleasure,then from thee much more must flow,v你所描繪的休息跟睡眠，其實是幸福，v甚至從你那兒流露還更多 pictures:images metaphor:sleep,pleasurevRest of their bones,and souls delivery,v讓他們的骸骨得以安息，靈魂得以付託vsoonest our best men with thee do go,v難怪即使是優秀的人也迫