复合句的翻译-文档

1、I gave my youth to the sea and I gave my wife my old age 我把青春献给了海洋，等我回家见到妻子时， 已是白发苍苍。 2、She went back to take care of her husband who was seriously ill. 她回去照料病重的丈夫。 合译法。 1、A man who doesn’t try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多少成就的。 2、The few points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed. 院长在报告中强调的几点的确很重要 3、There are many students in this class who come from big cities. 这个班的许多学生来自大城市。 4、There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. 有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。 5、There have been good results in the experiments that have given him great encouragement. 实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓舞。 6、I need someone who can instruct me in my English study. 我需要一个人来指导我学英语。 7、When I passed by, I saw a man who was writing something in the room. 我从这里路过时，看到一个人在屋子里写字。 8、I have three letters which I must write this afternoon. 我有三封信必须今天下午写出来。 9、He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly. 他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。 10、We’ll send the boy to Britain, where he will receive better education. 我们要把这孩子送到英国接受更好的教育。 11、The serviceman will send the washing machine to the repair shop, where it will be checked and repaired. 维修工将把这台洗衣机送到维修部检修。 12、He admired Mrs. Brown, which suprises me. 他佩服布朗太太，这使我感到惊奇。 13、They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。 14、She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 15、He has been to Paris, which he thinks is the most beautiful city in the world. 他去过巴黎，他认为巴黎是世界上最美的城市。 16、The note was left by Mr. Wang, who was here a moment ago. 这张条子是王先生留的，他刚才来过。 17、We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy. 我们把郊游推迟到下星期，那时我们就不会这么忙了。 18、They will fly to Kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days, and then go to Guilin. 他们将乘飞机到昆明，在那儿停留两三天，然后去桂林。 2.顺译法 1、Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。（地点状语从句） 2、My wife’s mother wanted to marry him before he left for England, but he refused, because he didn’t want her to be so young a widow. 我妻子的母亲想让他在赴英国前就完婚，但他坚持不肯， 因为他不想让她年纪轻轻就成为寡妇。（原因状语从句） 3、We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 这封信我们航空寄去以便他们能及时收到。（目的状语从句） 4、Though he was not personally involved, the war and its misery affected him deeply. 虽然他们没有直接受害，但这场战争及其造成的苦难却对 他产生了很深的影响。（让步状语从句） 5、As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 （条件状语从句） 6、A balloon floats in the air as a boat floats on water. 轻气球浮在空气中，犹如船浮在水上。（方式状语从句） 3.换序法 1、I’ll let you know as soon as it is arranged. 一安排好我就通知你。（时间状语从句提前） 2、 became the first president to visit South America when he went to Columbia in 1934. 1934年，罗斯福访问哥伦比亚，成了美国历史上第一个访 问南美的总统。（时间状语从句提前） 3、The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay rise last year because he hadn’t published a sufficient number of research papers 这位有25年教龄的老教师说，由于他未能发表足够数量的 科研论文，去年没有给他升职加薪。（原因状语从句提前） 4、If a balloon could be made large enough, he speculated, then maybe a nonstop flight could be made to Europe. 他推测，如果能制造一个很大的气球，也许能够中途不停 地飞到欧洲。（如果是作为结果的前提，翻译时要把条件 状语放在前面） 5、I suspect more than a few men have encountered the same dilemma, although different circumstances. Trying to make up an address on the spot, the mind suddenly blanks. 我估计，尽管场合各有不同，我们中间不止有一两个人曾 经遇到过这样的窘境：想要临时编造一个假地址，可是脑子 却突然不管用了。（让步状语从句提前） 6、No matter how she juggles the figures, she and her husband were wage earners and their savings were all eaten up by the increased prices of everything. 她和丈夫都属于工薪阶层，所以无论她怎样精打细算，他 们的一点储蓄还是被飞涨的物价给蚀空了。 （让步状语从句后置） 3.分译法 1、It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. 人们往往会对自己说，我过去感情多么丰富，思想多么敏 锐，现在不行了。（比较状语从句） 2、Because the young man frequently came to the lady’s house, he was regarded as the mistress’s lover. 这个小伙子经常来到太太的家。因此，别人都以为他是这 女主人的情人。（原因状语从句） 3、Although during his three years in Egypt Froster became sufficiently interested in the country to write a guidebook to Alexandria, a pamphlet for the Labor Research Department, and some thirty miscellaneous pieces on Egyptian topics, India was by no means forgotten; indeed, to some extent his experiences of the two countries reinforce each other. 在埃及的那三年，福斯特对这个国家相当感兴趣，写了一 本在亚历山大旅行的指南，一本为劳工编写的小册子，以及 30篇以埃及为主题不同性质的文章。但他却丝毫未曾忘记 印度。在某种程度上，他在这两国的经历的确互相影响并加 深感受。（让步状语从句） 3.合译法 1、When he entered the room, he found them sitting together singing. 他进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。（时间状语从句） 2、I didn’t know a word of English until I came here. 我来这儿之前一句英文都不懂。（时间状语从句） 3、If we don’t do so, we shall be committing a serious mistake. 如果不这样做我们就会犯严重的错误。（条件状语从句） If water is cold enough, it changes to ice. 水温降到一定程度便会结冰。（条件状语从句） He was punished because he did not obey the regulations. 他因为不遵守规定而受到处罚。（原因状语从句） 3.转译法 Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。（地点状语从句转成 让步状语从句） He walked when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以乘出租车，他还是步行。（时间状语从句转成 让步状语从句） How can I help them when they won’t listen to me. 如果他们不听我的话，我怎能帮助他呢？（时间状语从句 转成条件状语从句） Later in life, Einstein was asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said: “ When you sit with a girl for two hours, you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity”. 许多年以后，有人请爱恩斯坦给一些青年学生解释他的 相对论原理。他说：“你要是跟一个姑娘在一起待上两个小 时，你会觉得只待了一分钟。但你如果在灼热的大炉上待 一分钟，你就觉得待了两个小时。这就是相对论”。（时间 状语从句转成条件状语从句） When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. 孩子们长大之后就希望独立生活，如果你还像他们年幼时 那样关心他们，你就会成为他们的累赘，除非他们特别麻 不仁。（合译法、换序法、顺译法） （三）名词性从句的翻译 1.顺译法 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 理论必须密切联系实际是我们应当永远记住的一条原则。 （主语从句） We used to believe that some groups of people – because of circumstances – couldn’t help doing what they did. Now I think everyone must take responsibility for what they do. There is no excuse for them. 我们过去一向认为，有些人为生活所迫，不得已而干出那样 的事。现在我觉得是每个人都必须对自己的所作所为负责。 不能有任何借口。（宾语从句） We have reached the conclusion that practice is the only criterion for testing truth. 我们已经得出结论——实践是检验真理的唯一标准。 （同位语从句） 2.换序法 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她能否来还很难说。（主语从句） We didn’t intend that things should be arranged like that. 事情这样安排并不是我们的本意。（宾语从句） 或：我们并没有打算把事情安排成这样。 But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性总是存在 的。（宾语从句） 3.分译法 It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk 很遗憾，这样好的报告你没听到。（主语从句） 4.合译法 That the hospital needs more equipment is quite obvious. 那家医院明显需要添置设备。（主语从句） She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. 她从不满足于已取得的成就。（宾语从句） Then came the news that the sports meet would be put off until next Monday. 接着传来消息说运动会推迟到下周一召开。（同位语从句） 5.转译法 It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic 还没有明确宣布新路什么时候通车。 （主语从句转译成宾语） I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. 我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。（宾语转译成谓语） Raw material is what we are badly in need of. 我们急需的是原料。（表语转译成了主语） She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions. 她去参加会议，心里认为人们是不会向她提出许多问题的。 （同位语转译成了宾语） 6.穿插法 It seems that she is going to buy a car on installment. 她好像要用分期付款的方式购买汽车。（主语从句） I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们保准不会来了。（宾语句子） This is why they decided to send their son to England. 他们就是因为这个原因才决定把儿子送到英国去的。（表语句子） These children like to hear the story that a kind mother wolf has taken care of a human baby for Several years. 这些孩子喜欢听一个善良的母狼照顾一个小孩好几年的故事。（同位语从句） （四）并列句的翻译 1.顺译法 Henry has already left, Sally is going to leave, but I haven’t made any decision yet. 亨利已经走了，莎利也快走了，但是我还没有做出决定。 Any medicine can be dangerous, for example, even aspirin can cause illness. 任何药物都可能是危险的，比如说，甚至阿司匹林也能引 起疾病。 2.分译法 I opened the car door for her and she got into the car they way older people do, almost gently falling into the seat. 我给她打开车门。她坐了进去，是上年纪人的坐法，像慢 慢跌进座位似的。 It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. 人们容易认为自己的感情过去比现在充沛，思想过去比现 在敏锐。假如这是事实，就应该忘掉它。如果它被忘掉， 它也许就不是事实了。 He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，双目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯着一条线，脸上 露出了愤怒的神色 3.合译法 From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea. 阿尔诺河从佛罗伦河流经比萨入海。 In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends 1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。 The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。 4.转译法 The operation could not be launched before January, after my departure, and my own conclusions on the matter were not decisive. 这个行动不可能在一月份以前，即我离任以前实行，所以 我个人对这个问题的论断并不起决定性作用。（并列连词 转译成了因果从属连词，相当于therefore my own…） He can’t keep the flowers alive and he has watered them well, too. 尽管他精心浇灌，但还是不能把花养活。（并列连词转译 成了让步从属连词，相当于Although he has watered…） One more word and I’ll knock you flat. 如多说一个字，我就揍扁你。（并列连词转译成了条件从属连词，相当于If you say one more word, …） 14