Cobbler自动化安装操作系统手册

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1、Cobbler自动化安装操作系统手册、基础环境服务器及网络环境：Cobbler 服务器系统：CentOS release 6.664 位需要安装部署的Linux系统：Centos or UbuntuethO （第一块网卡，用于外网）IP 地址段：192.168.76.*-192.168.76*.*子网掩码：255.255.255.0网关：192.168.75.*二、Cobbler 部署通过配置Cobbler服务器，全自动批量安装部署Linux系统，以下均在Cobbler服务器上操作1、关闭 SELINUXvim /etc/selinux/config#注释掉#SELINUX=enforcing

2、#注释掉#SELINUXTYPE=targeted#增加SELINUX=disabled使配置立即生效：setenforce 0验证：/usr/sbin/sestatus -v或 getenforce2、配置防火墙开放TCP : 80、TCP : 25151、UDP : 69等或关闭防火墙vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables#http服务需要此端口-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 80 -j ACCEPT#tftp服务需要此端口-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m st

3、ate -state NEW -m udp -p udp -dport 69 -j ACCEPT#cobbler需要此端口-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp-p tcp -dport 25151 -j ACCEPT重启防火墙使配置生效：/etc/init.d/iptables restart关闭防火墙:serviceiptables stop开机 off : chkconfigiptables off验证：serviceiptables status3、安装 Cobbler安装 centos6.x 64 位 cobbler 依赖源

4、和 cobbler# 安装 centos6.xcobbler 依赖源cd /usr/local/srcwgethttp:/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpmrpm ivhepel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm# 安装 cobbleryuminstall cobbler tftptftp-server xinetddhcphttpdrsync#安装运行cobbler依赖软件包yum installpykickstartdebmirrorpython-ctypescman备注：wget

5、 http:/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5Zi386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm #CentOS 5.x 32位wget http:/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/57i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm #CentOS 5.x 32位wget http:/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm #CentOS6.x32位4、配置 Cobbler(1) 设置http服务vim /etc/

6、httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf#取消前面的注释LoadModulewsgi module modules/mod wsgi.so开机启动：chkconfighttpd on启动：servicehttpd start(2) 设置tftp服务开机启动vim /etc/cobbler/tftpd.templateservice tftpdisable=nosocket_type=dgramprotocol=udpwait=yesuser=$userserver=$binaryserver_args=-B 1380 -v -s $argsper_source=11cps=100 2fla

7、gs=IPv4(3)设置rsync服务开机启动CentOS中是以xinetd来管理Rsync和tftp月服务 vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsyncservice rsync#修改为nodisable = nosocket type= streamwait=nouser=rootserver=/usr/bin/rsyncserver_args=-daemonlog_on_failure+= USERID启动：/etc/init.d/xinetd start(4)配置cobbler相关参数注释掉debmirro.conf文件中dists和arches两行vim /etc/debmirro

8、r.conf#dists=sid;#arches=i386;生成默认模板下系统安装完成之后root账号登录密码，并记录下输出行 opensslpasswd -1 -salt osyunwei 123456#记录下这行，下面会用到$1$osyunwei$sEV8iwXXuR4CqzLXyLnzmOvim/etc/cobbler/settingsdefault_password_crypted: $1$osyunwei$sEV8iwXXuR4CqzLXyLnzm0lnext_server: 192.168.21.128server: 192.168.21.128manage_dhcp:1defau

9、lt kickstart: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks(5)配置dhcp服务器vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template#设置网段subnet 192.168.21.0 netmask255.255.255.0 #设置网关option routers192.168.21.2;#设置dns服务器地址option domain-name-servers8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4;#设置子网掩码option subnet-mask255.255.255.0;#设置dhcp服务器IP地址租用的范围range dynamic-boo

10、tp192.168.21.160 192.168.21.200;21600;43200; $next_server;#默认租约时间 default-lease-time#最大租约时间max-lease-time next-server class pxeclients match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = PXEClient; if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 filename ia64/elilo.efi; else if option pxe-system-type = 00

11、:06 filename grub/grub-x86.efi; else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 filename grub/grub-x86_64.efi; else filename pxelinux.0;指定DHCP服务的网络接口，eth0必须是服务器可以用的网卡vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcpdDHCPDARGS=eth0测试dhcp服务器配置是否正确：dhcpddhcpd 设置开机启动：chkconfigdhcpd on cobblerd 设置开机启动：chkconfigcobblerd on安装cobbler相关工具包，否则

12、检查cobbler配置会报错cobbler get-loaders启动 cobbler : servicecobblerd start同步配置文件到dhcp月服务器：cobbler sync启动 dhcp 服务:servicedhcpd start注意：cobbler sync#安装cobbler错误集锦: xmlrpcIib.Fault: vFault 1: cobbler.cexceptions.CX:login failed查看导入列表，如果报如下内容，需要重启cobbler，并执行cobbler get-loaders. service cobblerd restartcobbler

13、get-loaders页面方位 cobbler_web: http:/lp /cobbler_web(6)设置cobbler相关服务启动脚本将上面的 cobbler 脚本文件放于/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下，并通过 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/cobbier赋予执行权限设置开机启动：chkconfig cobbler on启动cobbler服务 :service cobbler restart检查cobbler配置，出现下面的提示，SELinux和防火墙前面已经设置，不用理会cobbler checkThe following are potential c

14、onfiguration items that you may want to fix:1 :SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:2 : since iptables may be running, ensure 69, 80/443, and 25151 are unblockedRestart cobblerd and then run cobbler sync

15、 to apply changes5、安装 cobbler-webyum install cobbler-web修改认证方式为密码文件类型vi /etc/cobbler/modules.confmodule = authn_configfile =module = authn_pam设置用户名密码为已存在的用户cobbler重置密码htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digestCobblercobbler添加新用户htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digestCobblerTest_user1cobbler 同步：cobbler sync，输出* T

16、ASK COMPLETE * 表示配置无错误 重启 cobbler、http/etc/init.d/httpd restart/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart访问，登录http:/192.168.10.128/cobbler_web/do_login6、挂载系统镜像到http服务器站点目录上传系统安装镜像文件 CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso 到/usr/local/src/ 目录#创建挂载目录mkdir -p /var/www/html/os/CentOS-5.10-x86_64#挂载系统镜像mount -iso9660 -o l

17、oop/usr/local/src/CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /var/www/htm l/os/CentOS-5.10-x86_64#开机自动挂载vi /etc/fstab/usr/local/src/CentOS-5.10-x86_64 - bin-DVD-1of2.iso/var/www/html/os/CentOS-5.10-x86_64 iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0备注：iso9660使用df-T查看设备卸载：umount /var/www/html/os/CentOS-5.10-x86_64重复上面的操作，把

18、自己需要安装的CentOS系统镜像文件都挂载至O/var/www/html/os/目录下例如：CentOS-5.10-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.isoCentOS-6.5-x86_64-b in-DVD1.iso7、创建kickstarts自动安装脚本CentOS-5.10-x86_64.ks autoip.shubuntu1204.seed ubuntu1404-docker.seed将 CentOS-5.10-x86_64.ks(Centos.*)、ubuntu1204.seed、ubuntu1404-docker.seed(ubuntu*) 文件放于/var/lib/cob

19、bler/kickstarts(默认Kickstart模板目录)下，并修改其中Cobbler地址、 root用户密码、时区、用户与用户组等url -url=http:/192.168.21.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-5.10-x86_64-x86_64/rootpw -iscrypted$1$QqobZZ1g$rYnrawi9kYlEeUuq1vcR$timezone Asia/Shanghai#添加用户useradd -g maintain user01 -d /home/maintain/user01 -mecho 123456|passwd user01

20、-stdinuseradd -g maintain user02 -d /home/maintain/user02 -m# cd /root# wget http:/192.168.21.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/autoip.sh# sh /root/autoip.sh若配置了执行外部脚本。则可将autoip.sh文件等外部脚本放于 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/下，并修改 hostname 与 DNS、广播地址等参数。8、导入系统镜像到cobbler#导入系统镜像文件，需要一段时间cobbler import -path

21、=/var/www/html/os/CentOS-5.10-x86_64 -name=CentOS-5.10-x86_64 -arch=x86_64#查看系统镜像导入目录cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror命令格式：cobbler import -path=|镜像路径-name=安装引导名-arch=32 位或 64 位重复上面的操作，把其他的系统镜像文件导入到cobbler9、设置 profile按操作系统版本分别关联系统镜像文件和kickstart自动安装文件在第一次导入系统镜像时，cobbler会给安装镜像指定一默认的kickstart自动安装文件 例如：CentO

22、S-5.10-x86_64 版本的 kickstart 自动安装文件为：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks#查看profile设置cobbler profile report -name CentOS-5.10-x86_64#查看安装镜像文件信息cobblerdistro report -name CentOS-5.10-x86_64#移除 profilecobbler profile remove -name=CentOS-5.10-x86_64#添加cobbler profile add -name=CentOS-5.10-x86_64-distro

23、=CentOS-5.10-x86_64-kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-5.10-x86_64.ks#编辑cobbler profile edit -name=CentOS-5.10-x86_64-distro=CentOS-5.10-x86_64-kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-5.10-x86_64.ks附： cobbler profile add|edit|remove -name=安装 引导名 -distro=系统镜像名-kickstart=kickstart自动安装文件

24、路径-name：自定义的安装引导名，注意不能重复-distro:系统安装镜像名，用cobbler distro list可以查看-kickstart：与系统镜像文件相关联的kickstart自动安装文件#查看Cobbler列表Else 2qqoo 0s 勾qqo。皿刪#OUAS 2qqoo 0 s 叵ffi旺世 OUAS 勾qqo。1els!2l匸 u oolu 一s As -E一ss Mopu-/V x= -elsu 一 dnoMUJnAEKASI Mopu 一 m X lels!2lclD-4uooUJelsAS -elsu 一 cunA(世曬EKASI丽旺删K)宦州*H旺彳丘总仪聚恋伺皿

25、2芟9|m 鼓州遐kBM區 OUAS 勾qq。-世曬朵叵 wlhg 圧删K、d aj迂 siS le。acxihppe 一I- Aelsl2lv-Lud M -寸998xoussolueoelueu lod 一匸0d 2qqoo )SH 一匸 s|#:仪#:仪聚lx皿七3史2| 迂0dHH#ls= ols-p2qqoo lod-匸0d2qqoo lod-qqoo is 一一-qqo。三、自动化安装系统1、首次安装系统设置要安装的服务器从网络启动开机之后，如下图所示，根据需要选择相应的系统版本进行安装，安装完成之后，系统会自动重启2、重新安装系统在需要重装系统的服务器上安装koan#CentOS

26、 5.Xwget http:/dl.fedoraproject.Org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm#安装koanrpm -ivh koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm#CentOS 6.Xhttp:/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm#安装koan运行依赖包（需要设置epel源）yum install cobbler debmirrorpykickstart python-ctypescman#查看Cobbler服务

27、器系统镜像列表koan -list=profiles -server=192.168.21.128#选择要重装的系统koan -replace-self -server=192.168.21.128 -profile=CentOS-5.10-x86_64#重新启动系统进行自动安装reboot四、扩展阅读Cobbler目录说明1、Cobbler 配置文件目录：/etc/cobbler/etc/cobbler/settings #cobbler 主配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template#DHCP 服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template #tf

28、tp 服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/rsync.template#rsync 服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/iso#iso 模板配置文件/etc/cobbler/pxe#pxe 模板文件/etc/cobbler/power #电源的配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.con #Web 服务授权配置文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template#DNS 服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/modules.conf #Cobbler 模块配置文件2、C

29、obbler 数据目录：/var/lib/cobbler/var/lib/cobbler/config# 配置文件 /var/lib/cobbler/triggers #Cobbler 命令 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts#默认存放 kickstart 文件 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders #存放的各种引导程序3、系统安装镜像目录：/var/www/cobbler /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror#导入的系统镜像列表 /var/www/cobbler/images #导入的系统镜像启动文件 /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror#yum 源存储目录4、日志目录：/var/log/cobbler/var/log/cobbler/install.log #客户端系统安装日志 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler 日志