从属关系的复合句包括名词性从句

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1、从属关系从属关系的复合句包括名词性从句(Nominal Clauses)(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾 语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句(Relative Clauses)、状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)。下面我们分别来探究一下什么是名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。名词性从句：在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些从句统称为名词性从句。(一) 主语从句在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。That you are leaving is a pity.你要走，真遗憾。What matters is how you live.重

2、要的是你如何生活。Where he lives is not clear. 他住哪儿不清楚。Who will stay makes no difference.谁留下来都一样。Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。注意：J主语从句中的连接词(引导词)为：从属连词 that ， if ， whether连接代词 who， whom， whose， which， what连接副词 when，where，how ，whya. 所有wh-疑问词引导的主语从句不仅起连接主句与从句的作用

3、，而且还在从句中担 任各类成分及具有词汇意义，而that在从句中仅起连接作用，没有词汇意义，但that 引导的主语从句时，that不可以省.b. 主语从句表示是否只能用whether引导。c. 主语从句的语序是陈述句的语序但是大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语，这主要是为了保持句子平衡，主语 从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下 几种：a. It is +名词+ that从句Its a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an inte

4、rnational language.英 语正在被人们接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。b. It is +形容词+ that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。c. It + 动词 + that从句It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. 艾丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that

5、day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 (二 I happened to be out that day.)d. It is +过去分词+ that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Be i j i ng .据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有:It is said that.据说It is

6、reported that.据报导It is well known that. . .众所周知It is announced that.据宣布It is believed that.人们相信It is thought that.人们认为It is understood that.自不待言It must be pointed out that.必须指出It must be admitted that.必须承认 其他情况It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no difference where we sh

7、all have the mee ting.我们在哪里开会毫无区 别。It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想到她忘记锁门了。并且当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，宜用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后 置。Is it possible that they may complete the task ahead of time? 他们有可能提前完成任务吗？Does it matter much that he wont be able to come tomorrow? 他明天来不了很

8、要紧吗？此外连接代词what, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形 式主语。Is what he told us really true?他所告诉我们的的确是真的吗？Whichever of you want to come to our party will be welcome .你们中任何想来参 加我们晚会的人都欢迎。使用虚拟语气的主语从句在 It is sugges ted, ordered, reques ted, insis ted, etc. + that从句中，谓语部分用should +动词原形，should常被省略。It i

9、s suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time. 有人建议我们再做一次实验。在It is important, natural, necessary, funny, strange, surprising, a pity, ashame, no wonder etc. + that从句中，谓语部分常用should +动词原形，should常被省略。It is important and necessary that we （should） keep the balance of nature我 们要维持生态平衡，这是重要

10、而且必不可少的。It is a pity that you （should） miss such a good chance. 真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。（二）宾语从句 宾语从句The Object Clause，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名 词性从句。它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来 决定连接词。宾语从句有四步曲1. 连接词（引导词）相同于主语从句从属连词 that ， if ， whether连接代词 who， whom， whose， which， what连接副词 when，where，how ，why2. 语序：从句的词序用陈述语序（主+

11、 谓）3. 时态：如主句的时态如果是过去时，从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。一 般来说宾语从句的时态作以下相应的变化a. 从现在时间推移到过去时间： 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 现在完成进行时过去完成进 行时b. 从过去时间推移到过去的过去时间 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成 时 过去完成时c. 从将来时间推移到过去将来时间 一般将来时一般过去将来时4. 人称：要根据句中的意义作相应的变化1. 使用宾语从句还有一个要注意的问题是在t hink, believe, suppose, expec t等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否

12、定词移到主句谓语上，而将从句的谓 语变为肯定形式。I dont think he has time to play football with you. 我想他没有时间和你踢足球。I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet. 我估计现在未到（交通）高峰时间。（三）表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem,ound, appear等。China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。The question remains wheth

13、er they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。注意：表语从句中的连接词如主语从句，宾语从句，但是同主语从句一样连词that引 导的表语从句中that不可以省，表语语从句表示是否只能用whether2. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语 动词需用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, sugge

14、stion, order, proposal, plan, idea 等。My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。His proposal was that they （should） challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。（四）同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。1.同

15、位语从句一般跟在名词的后面同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea,news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise,stat emen t, problem, rule 等后面。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？We h

16、avent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。注意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句 与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.有消 息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。2使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从 句中，谓语动词用should +动词原形，should可省略。This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.尽快解决这个问题，这是我们惟一的请求。He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。