Book7_U1_重点词汇讲解

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1、U1 重点词汇讲解1. contribute v. 出（钱 力 主意等）；捐助；捐赠；贡献： (sth.) (to/towards sth.)1) contribute (ten pounds) to a charity collection 捐献（十镑）给慈善事业 2) contribute aid for refugees 向难民提供援助 3) Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献。 4) The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to t

2、he discussion. 主席鼓励大家参与讨论。 to sth. 增加某事物; 添加到某事物中: Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的着作极有助於我们对这个困难问题的了解。 to sth. help to cause sth 促成某事物: Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？ (sth.) to sth. write (articles, etc) for a publication 撰稿；投（

3、稿）：She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines. 她给文学刊物投了（几首诗）稿。2. adopt sb. (as sth.) 收养某人（尤指作为儿女或继承人）；过继：1) Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女, 所以决定领养一个孤儿。2) Pauls mother had him adopted because she couldnt look after him herself. 保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他

4、, 便将他送给别人收养了。3) He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子。 sb. as sth. 挑选某人作候选人或代表:She has been adopted as Labour candidate for York. 她被提名为约克郡的工党候选人。采纳；采取；采用：adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress 取名随俗采纳一意见采用一服装式样 adopt a hard line towards terrorists 对恐怖分子采取强硬态度 adoption n. 收养；过继；挑选；采纳；采取；采用；接受：1)

5、 offer a child for adoption 将孩子送给他人收养 2) This textbook has had adoptions in many countries. 这本教科书已被很多国家采用。adoptive adj. 有收养关系的；过继的；采纳的；接受的：his adoptive parents 他的养父养母3. delay v. 使（某人）慢或迟到; 耽搁; 延误: 1) ., In/pr, TnDont delay! Book your holiday today! 别拖延！今天就定下你休假的日子！2) She delayed (for) two hours and

6、missed the train. 她耽搁两个小时, 把火车误了。3) I was delayed by the traffic. 因交通阻塞，我迟到了。推迟（某事）；延期：1) We must delay our journey until the weather improves. 我们必须把旅行推迟，等天气好转再说。 2) Why have they delayed opening the school? 他们为什麽延期开学？delay n. 耽搁；延误；推迟；延期：We must leave without delay. 我们必须立即离开. 被耽搁或推迟的时间： There was a

7、 delay (of two hours) before the plane took off. 飞机起飞推迟了（两个小时）。4. accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的： (to sb.)1) a beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩 2) documents not accessible to the public 公众无法接触到的文件.access n. (to sth.)（接近或进入某地的）方法；通路：1) The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields

8、. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。2) The village is easy/difficult of access. 到那个村子的路很容易很难走。 (to sth./sb.)（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利：1) get access to classified information 得到接触秘密情报的机会 2) Students must have access to a good library. 学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。 3) Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以接近总统。access v. 存取

9、（计算机文件）: 1) She accessed three different files to find the correct information. 她存取了三个文件以找寻所要的信息。2) The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date. 文件每日存取, 使之不断更新。5. tear v. (tore, torn) 将（某物）撕开扯下或撕碎：1) tear a sheet of paper in two 把一张纸撕成两半 2) a torn handkerchief 撕破的手帕 3) He tore his shir

10、t on a nail. 他的衬衣让钉子挂破了。4) tear a parcel open 把包裹撕开（在某物上）撕，扯，划，刺（洞或裂口）：The explosion tore a hole in the wall. 墙炸开一个洞。 撕下，撕掉，扯下，扯掉（某物）：tear a page out of a book, a notice down from a wall, the leaves off a tree 撕下一页书从墙上撕下布告从树上揪下树叶 sb from sb./sth. 强行使某人离开某人某物；夺去；揪走：The child was torn from its mothers

11、 arms. 把孩子从母亲怀抱中夺走了。撕碎；撕裂；撕破： 1) This cloth tears easily. 这布料容易撕破。 2) Dont pull the pages so hard or they will tear. 别那麽使劲扯书页，那会撕破的。破坏（某物）的安宁；扰乱：1) a country torn by war 战乱不安的国家 2) Her heart was torn by grief. 她肝肠寸断。 tear at sth. (with sth.)撕扯或撕开某物： tore at the meat with his bare hands 用他的手撕肉tear on

12、eself away (from sb./sth.) 舍不得离开某人某事物：Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk. 你别舍不得离开电视了，出去散散步吧。be torn between A and B have to make a painful choice between two things or people （在两个事物或人之间）作痛苦的抉择：torn between love and duty 在爱情和职责间作痛苦的抉择tear sth down弄倒某物；拆除某物：Theyre tearin

13、gdown these old houses to build a new office block. 他们正拆除这些旧房子以便建一座新办公楼。 tear sth up 撕毁（文件等）： 1) She tore up all the letters he had sent her. 她把他写来的信都撕了。2) He accused the government of tearing up (ie repudiating) the negotiated agreement. 他控告政府撕毁（不履行）协议。6. live adj 有生命的；活的：live fish 活鱼（尤用於指惊人的或异常的经历

14、等)真正的；不是假装的：We saw a real live rattlesnake! 我们看到一条真的响尾蛇！ 发着光的；点燃着的： live coals 燃烧着的煤（指电线等）带电的，通着电的：That terminal is live. 那个接头有电。 the live rai 带电的铁轨（如在电气铁路上）（指广播）现场直播的，实况转播的：live coverage of the World Cup 世界杯实况报道（指音乐演奏或录音）音乐会现场播出或录制的： a live recording made at Covent Garden in 1962 1962年在考文特公园的现场录音.

15、live adv. 实地；从现场；以直播方式：This show is going out live. 这场演出正在进行实况转播。7. broadcast v. (pt, pp broadcast) 1.（用无线电或电视）播送（节目）2. 宣布broadcast a concert live 现场直播音乐会broadcast ones views 表明自己的观点n.（无线电或电视的）广播节目CNNs live broadcast of the trial CNN 对审判进行的现场直播8. wind V. (pt, pp wound)1.（使某物）沿弧形的弯曲的或旋转的路线前进 2. 将（绳毛线

16、纱等）缠绕成球或缠绕在轴上 3. 转动（把手绞车等）1) The river winds down to the sea. 这条河蜿蜒流向大海。2) wind wool (up) into a ball 把毛线缠成团 3) You operate the mechanism by winding this handle. 操纵这台机器要转动这个把手。wind sth. round sb./sth.; wind sb./sth. in sth. 将某物紧紧缠绕住某人/物；将某人/物包在某物中1) wind a bandage round ones finger 用绷带包住手指 2) wind a

17、 shawl round the baby/the baby in a shawl 用围巾裹住幼儿 wind sth (up) （尤指钟表）上发条Have you wound your watch? 你的表上发条了吗？wind sth back, down, forward, in, off, on, up（转动把手或卷轴等）使某物沿某方向移动1) wind a tape back/forward/on 把带子向後/向前/继续卷绕 2) wind a car window down/up 把汽车窗摇下去/上来9. record n.1.（对事实 事件等的）记录; 记载 2.（已知的有关某人/某

18、事物过去的）事实 事件等 3. 唱片 4. 记录（尤指体育运动）1) a record of road accidents交通事故记录2) make/keep a record of ones expenses 记自己开支的帐3) have a (previous) criminal record有前科4) put on/play some records 放一些唱片5) hold/ beatbreak a record保持/打破一项记录 record v. 1. 记录；记载（事实或事件）2. 将（声音或图像）保存在磁盘或磁带上以便重放；录（音）；录（像）3. （指测量仪器）标明或显示（某事物

19、）；自动记下1) record progress/developments 记载进展/发展等情况 2) record music from the radio 录下无线电广播中的音乐3) The thermometer recorded 40C. 温度计上显示出40C。10. assume v. 1. 假定; 假设; 设想; 以为1) We cannot assume anything in this case. 在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测。2) I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我认为目前的情况将

20、会继续下去。 3) We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪, 就得假定他是清白的。 assuming that 如果，假设We can all leave together assuming (that) the others arent late. 我们大家可以一起走假定其他人不耽搁的话。 2. 装作；装出；假装 assume ignorance, indifference 假装不知情装作不在乎3. 开始从事; 承担; 担任assume office 就职 He assumes his new

21、responsibilities next month. 他下月承担新任务。assumed adj. 假装的；假的living under an assumed name 使用假名字活着11. accompany v. (pt, pp -nied) 伴随或跟随（某人）；陪伴I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察分局。 be accompanied by/with sth. 1. 与某事物同时存在或发生 2. 兼带；附有 1) strong winds accompanied by heavy rain

22、 狂风夹着暴雨2) Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信封贴上邮票写好地址。12. weigh v.1. 称（某物）的重量He weighed himself on the bathroom scales. 他在浴室的磅秤上称体重。 2. 测出重量 How much do you weigh? 你体重多少？I weigh 60 kilos. 60公斤。3. 仔细考虑某事物的相对价值或重要性等；权衡；斟酌weighing the pros and cons 权衡正反两

23、方面的意见 weigh sth. (up) 仔细考虑某事物weigh (up) the consequences of an action 慎重考虑一行动的后果 weigh (with sb.) (against sb./sth.) （评定某人/某事物时）被（某人）认为重要His criminal record weighed heavily against him (with the jury). （陪审团）认为他的前科关系重大。 weigh sb down使某人感到忧虑或沮丧The responsibilities of the job are weighing her down. 她工作

24、责任很重把她压得无精打采。 weigh ones words 斟酌词句；推敲I must weigh my words to avoid any misunderstanding. 我须字斟句酌免生误解。 weight n.13. measure v. 1. weigh (sth.) (up)量度；测量（某物） First measure (it) up, then cut the timber to the correct length.2. (fig 比喻)估计；衡量；判定Its hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his wor

25、k. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。 3. 为（某体积 长度 容积等）The room measures 10 metres across. 这房间宽10米。 4. 仔细考虑（某事物） She failed to measure the effect of her actions on her family. 她未虑及其行为对家庭的影响。 weigh sth. against/with sth./sb.（通过竞争冲突等）考验某事物，较量measure ones strength against sb else 跟别人比力气 n. 1. 计量制; 量度法; 计量单位1) Which me

26、asure of weight do pharmacists use? 药剂师用哪一种计量制？ 2) The metre is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。2. 通常作复数 措施; 步骤; 办法The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud. 当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。14. guarantee n. 1.（交易的）保证，保证书 2.（作为保证物的）契据财产等；抵押品1) The watch comes with a years guarantee. 这手表保修一年。2) What guarantee can

27、you offer? I can offer my house as a guarantee. 你用什麽做抵押? 我可以拿房子抵押。give a guarantee (of sth./that.) 对给予保证v. 1. 担保某事物；保证 2. 承诺对（某事）负法律责任；保证；担保3. 承担（所购物品）的修理费1) We guarantee to deliver within a week. 我们保证一周内送到。2) guarantee sb.s debts/the payment of sb.s debts 为某人的债务作保3) a clock guaranteed for one year

28、against mechanical failure or faulty workmanship 对机械故障或制造缺陷有一年保修的钟15. reject v 拒绝接受（某人某事物）：1) reject a gift, a possibility, an opinion, a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物一种可能性一条意见一项建议 2) a rejected candidate, applicant, etc 遭到拒绝的候选人申请人等 3) She rejected his offer of marriage. 他向她求婚，她拒绝了。 4) After the transplant h

29、is body rejected the new heart. 他的身体对新移植的心脏产生排斥作用。5) The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. 军医拒收几名新兵，认为身体不合格。抛弃（某事物）；摈弃；剔除： 1) Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们进行质量检验时，有缺陷的产品均予剔除。 2) reject over-ripe fruit, eg when making jam 除去熟透的水果（如制果酱时） 不给予（某人某事物）应有的爱; 慢待:

30、The child was rejected by its parents. 这孩子未受到父母的疼爱。rejection n.拒绝；抛弃；拒绝；抛弃：Her proposal met with continual rejections. 她的建议一再遭到拒绝。16. oppose v 反对（某事某人）；（尤指）反抗，抵制： 1) oppose the building of a motorway 反对修筑高速公路 2) oppose a scheme 反对某计画 3) oppose the Government 反政府 4) He opposed the proposal to build a

31、 new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。对抗（某人）；与（某人）较量：Who is opposing you in the match? 你和谁比赛? opposed adj.强烈反对某事物： to sth She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反对你出国。 as opposed to 与对照；与对比: I am here on business as opposed to a holiday. 我在这里是办公事而不是度假。17. arise ( arose, arisen ) v. 呈现；出现；发生：1) A new

32、 difficulty has arisen. 出现了新困难。 2) Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。 3) A storm arose during the night. 夜间起风暴了。 out of/from sth 因某事物而产生造成引起：1) problems arising out of the lack of communication 由於缺乏交流而产生的问题 2) Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting? 关於上次会议的记

33、录有没有问题? 18. attach v将某物系在缚在或附在（另一物）上： sth. (to sth.) 1) a house with a garage attached 带有车房的房子 2) attach a label to each piece of luggage 每件行李上都加上标签 3) a document attached to a letter (with a pin) 信中（用别针）附一文件 （有时指不受欢迎或未受邀请而）依附某人参加某事： oneself to sb./sth. 1) A young man attached himself to me at the p

34、arty and I couldnt get rid of him. 聚会中有个小青年总缠着我，我也甩不开他。 2) I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum. 我随着一队游客混入了博物馆。 sb. to sb./sth. (尤用於被动语态)将某人派给（一人或一组织）去执行某任务；使隶属於： Youll be attached to this department until the end of the year. 你在年底前将暂属於这一部门。 attached adj. 依恋爱慕留恋某人某事物： (to sb.

35、/sth.)1) Ive never seen two people so attached (to each other). 我从没见过两个人（彼此）这样如胶似漆。 2) Weve grown very attached to this house and would hate to move. 我们十分留恋这所房子，真舍不得搬家。attachment n.附着；附属；附带： Shes on attachment to the Ministry of Defence. 她暂时隶属於国防部。 附属物；附件：an electric drill with a range of different

36、attachments 带有各种配件的电钻依恋; 眷恋; 留恋: (to/for sb/sth) feel a strong attachment to ones family 十分恋家 19. sacrifice n.供奉；献祭；祭祀；供品；祭品；牺牲： (to sb.)the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter 用牛祭祀古罗马主神朱庇特kill a sheep as a sacrifice 宰羊用作祭品 放弃某事物（通常指为获得更重要或更有价值的东西）；牺牲的事物：1) Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your pr

37、inciples. 为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的。 2) He became a top sportsman at some sacrifice to himself. 他付出了一些代价才成为优秀运动员。3) Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲。sacrifice v. 供奉；献祭；祭祀： to sb.; sth. (to sb.) make a sacrifice of (sth.) to sb. sacrifice to idols 供奉偶像 sacrifi

38、ce a lamb to the gods 以羊羔祭祀众神牺牲某事物： sth. (to sb./sth.)1) She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业。 2) The cars designers have sacrificed comfort to economy. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。 3) Im not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。20. rid v. 使某人某事物

39、摆脱（讨厌的或不想要的人事物）： sb./sth. of sb./sth. 1) rid the world of famine 使世界不再有饥荒 2) rid the house of mice 把房子里的老鼠消灭光 摆脱： be/get rid of sb./sth. 1) He was a boring nuisance! Im glad to be rid of him. 他这人真讨厌！我很庆幸能摆脱他的纠缠。 2) The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it cant get rid of them. 该店定购了20本这种书，现

40、在却无法脱手。练习：一、用下列词组的正确形式填空。contribute to , benefit from , keep pace with , wind up, vote on, be absorbed in, attach to , rid of , rely on, make up1. Your suggestion has greatly _ the accomplishment of our work.2. As your best friend, you may _ me to help you. 3. Bank loans during the prosperity decade

41、 did not _ the rising level of economic activity.4. Dont forget to _ the label _ your luggage. 5. Who is likely to _ the new tax laws?6. Could you _ the window _, please?7. As we are not unanimous for this matter, lets _ it.8. The government made a promise to _ the country _ nuclear weapons.9. The g

42、irl sat quietly in the classroom, _ in her book.10. Women _ only a small percentage of the prison population.1. contributed to 2. rely on 3. keep pace with 4. attachto 5. benefit from 6. wind up 7. vote on 8. ridof 9. absorbed in 10. make up二、根据首字母或中文提示填写单词。1. The accident d_ the train for two hours

43、.2. After much deliberation, the president decided to a_ her suggestion.3. Wherever her husband went, she would a_ him.4. Their goal was to make safe drinking water a_ to everyone.5. Many disasters such as earthquakes cannot be f_.6. Sarah r_ her brothers offer of help. She decided to do it all by h

44、erself.7. Police officers must have a v_ reason for stopping motorists.8. Can we begin by discussing matters a_ from the last meeting?9. This painting is t_ of the Impressionist Movement.10. He s_ a promising career to look after his kids.11. Environmental groups are s_ of the governments claims tha

45、t the environment is improving.12. We v_ truth above all else.13. Will you stop i_ me when Im talking!14. A c_ method is one that has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type.15. She t_ the letter to pieces and threw it in the bin.16. The theory of e_ was put forward by Charles Dar

46、win.17. He took an active part in _ (社区) service.18. We must _(假定)him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.19. We fail one student per year on _ (平均).20. He _ (终于) escaped and made his way back to England.21. Congress is continuing to _ (反对) the Presidents healthcare budget.22. Have you got an _

47、 (其它的) suggestion?1. delayed 2. adopt 3. accompany 4. accessible 5. foreseen 6. rejected 7. valid 8. arising 9. typical 10. sacrificed 11. skeptical 12. value 13. interrupting 14. conventional 15. tore 16. evolution 17. community 18. assume 19. average 20. eventually 21. oppose 22. alternative 三、用括号

48、中所给的提示翻译句子。1. 人造卫星使得远距离传输直播电视节目成为可能。（allow to）2. 直到老师回来我们才开始做练习。（句型的强调式）3. 他最后一次被看见时已被送入医院。（be seen +done）4. 这只小船虽然很小，但很结实。（though副词）5. 只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。（have access to）6. 她把钱藏到她丈夫找不到的地方。（引导地点状语从句）7. 当被问到时，这个学生立刻站了起来。（+过去分词）8. 你想拿什么就可以拿什么。（whatever + 名词性从句）1. Man-made satellites allow live TV p

49、rograms to be broadcast over vast distances.2. It was not until the teacher came back that we began to do the exercise.3. He was last seen sent to hospital.4. The boat is very small. It is strong, though.5. Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.6. She hid the money where her husband couldnt find it.7. When asked, the student stood up immediately.8. You may take whatever you want.