考研英语（二）第四部分全文翻译

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1、考研英语（二）第四部分全文翻译（江南博哥）1、简答题Actually,I had read one book in English,when I was in middleschool.But it was forgettable.This time around,I was in a moreserious effort to expand my knowledge,as well as a deepcuriosity about foreign literature.English opened a window inmy mind,especially when I encountere

2、d works that were notavailable in translation at the time.How could these writers produce such works?And how could I writelike them?I often made small summaries of these books afterI read them.Sometimes I rewrote them in my own language,justto understand the structure and the movement of the stories

3、.ButI felt that it was not enough.I really wanted to sit in thechairs of these writers,imagine myself being them,and writethe same works word for word.There were only two ways to do it:rewrite them or translate them.参考解析：事 实 上，在我上中学时，我读过一本英文书。但是我不记得了。这 一 次，我更加认真地努力扩大我的知识面，而且也对外国文学产生了强烈的好奇心。英语打开了我心中的

4、一扇窗，尤其是当我遇到一些当时还没有译本的作品的时候。这些作家是怎样写出这些作品的呢?我怎样才能像他们一样写作呢？我经常在读完这些书之后做一些简短的总结。有时我用我自己的语言重写它们，只是为了理解故事的结构和发展。但我觉得这还不够。我真的很想坐在这些作家的椅子上，想象自己就是他们，逐字逐句地写出同样的作品。只有两种方法可以做到：重写或翻译。2、简答题People generally assume that when they consider another persona“friend,“that person also thinks of them as a friend,whichmea

5、ns friendship is mutual.But when we analyzed self-reportedrelationship surveys from several experiments around the world,we found that while most people assume friendships aretwo-way,only about half of friendships are indeed mutual.Thesefindings indicate a profound inability of people to know whothe

6、ir friends are.In itself this may seem 1 ike an interesting but minor finding,but this large proportion of unbalanced friendships translatesto a major effect on the ability of an individual to persuadeothers to cooperate or change their behavior.Thats because success depends on the ability to recrui

7、tfriends to help at critical times.Studies have shown thatsocial influence is a critical factor in organizational change,and especially in the propagation of new behaviors,new ideas,and new methods in both organizations and society.参考解析：人们通常认为，当他们将另外一个人看作 朋友 的时候，那个人也会把他们当作朋友，这意味着友谊是相互的。世界上的好几个实验对此进行

8、了研究，让研究对象陈述自己与他人的友谊关系。但我们在分析他们的陈述时发现，尽管多数人认为友谊是双向的，却只有大约一半的关系确实是相互的。这些发现表明，人们很欠缺知道谁是他们的朋友的能力。就其本身而言，这似乎像是一个有趣但微不足道的发现，但这种不平衡的友谊关系比例非常高，当一个人说服他人合作或改变行为时，这就会转变成为影响其说服能力的一个重要因素。这是因为，成功取决于在关键时刻召集朋友帮助的能力。研究表明，社会影响力在组织机构变化中是一个关键要素，尤其是在组织机构和社会中宣传新的行为、新观点和新方法的时候。3、简答题Imagine for a moment that the future is

9、going to be even morestressful than the present.Maybe you dont need to imagine thisbecause you probably have believed it.What will you do if yourchild seems to be overwhelmed by life in the here and now?Youmay already know that an increasing number of our kids are notall right.In the previous decade

10、,the number of severely depressedteenagers went from 2 million to 3.2 million.Among girls,therate was even higher;in 2017,one in five reported experiencingmajor depression.Suicides by children aged 5 to 11 have almostdoubled in recent years.Some may say that smartphones andsocial media are to blame.

11、For instance,kids who are cyberbullied are much more likely to consider suicide,but that cantexplain the distress we see in kids too young to have phones.参考解析：想象一下，未来的压力会比现在更大。也许你不需要去想 象，因为你也许已经这样认为了。如果你的孩子似乎被眼前的生活压 垮 了，你会做什么?你可能已经知道，越来越多的孩子正在出现问题。在过去的十年里，严重抑郁的青少年人数从200万上升到320万。而且在女孩中，这一比率更高；2017年，据

12、 报 道，五分之一的女孩经历了严重的抑郁症。近 年 来，5至11岁儿童的自杀率几乎翻了一番。有些人可能会说，智能手机和社交媒体是罪魁祸首。例 如，遭受网络霸凌的孩子更可能考虑自杀，但这不能解释我们在年龄太小还不能使用手机的孩子身上所看到的痛苦。4、简答题When asked what makes you happy,you would probably have noproblem providing me with a few answers一a new car,less bodyfat,a higher-paying job,and so on.They usually have a si

13、milartheme；i.e.,our happiness depends on external circumstances.You may be surprised to learn that materialistic things rarelydetermine long-term happiness.That which you have alwaysassumed would make your life much more joyful may not actuallyimprove long-term happiness.Happiness is determined by i

14、nnatefactors and perceptions,as well as experiences.Humans are social animals；we need to socialize.The biggestpredictor of happiness is the extent of our socialrelationships.A primary reason why our brains have evolved inthe manner they have is that we can be social.It is not realistic,nor is it des

15、irable to be happy all thetime.What is important is learning to appropriately regulatethose potentially damaging thoughts.参考解析：当被问到什么会令你感到幸福时，你可能会马上提供一些答案-辆新车、较低的体重、一份更高薪的工作等。它们通常有一个相似的主题，即我们的幸福取决于外部环境。当知道物质的东西几乎不能决定你的长期幸福时，你可能会感到惊讶。你一直以为能让你的生活变得更愉快的事物实际上可能不会提升你长期的幸福感。幸福是由内在因素、观念以及阅历定的。人类是社交动物，我们需要社

16、交。最能预测幸福的就是我们社会关系的范围。我们的大脑之所以会以这样的方式进化，其首要原因就是我们是社会性的。永远保持快乐既不现实也不可取。重要的是学习适度管理那些潜在的破坏性想法。5、简答题Anyone whos ever been with a baby can tell you：if they re upsetabout something,they will let you know.Scientists have beenaware of this behavior,but what they did not know,until now,is that if babies see s

17、omeone else being treated unfairly,theyexpect the leader in that situation to step in and do somethingabout it.Renee Baillargeon is a psychologist at the Universityof Illinois.Baillargeon says it seems babies are born withthese expectations of what a leader is and how they shouldbehave.Alan Fiske st

18、udies human relationships at theUniversity of California,Los Angeles.He says many peopleunderestimate what babies are capable of understanding andfiguring out about the world,since they，re just barelylearning how to walk and talk.It shows that they expect a leaderto not just use power for his or her

19、 own self-interest but touse their authority to regulate the morality of theirfollowers.参考解析：任何一个和婴幼儿相处过的人都知道：如果他们对什么事情感到不安，他们会让你知道。科学家们已经察觉到这种行为，但他们直到现在还不知道，如果婴幼儿看到别人受到不公平对待，他们会期望在场的领导者介入并进行处理。蕾妮巴亚热昂是一位伊利诺伊大学的心理学家。巴亚热昂表示，婴幼儿似乎天生具有 领导者是什么样的 以及 领导者该怎样作为 这种期待。艾伦菲斯克在加州大学洛杉矶分校研究人际关系。他 说，许多人因为婴幼儿刚刚学会走路和说

20、话而低估了他们认识和理解世界的能力。这 表 明，他们期望领导者不仅仅是为了自身利益而使用权力，还要用他们的权力来规范追随者的道德。6、简答题You refresh your social media home page over and over againafter posting a status,because you can,t wait to see what yourfriends think about your witty observation.You can t wait tosee what your friends think,because you desperate

21、ly want themto approve your actions.Were all in this when it comes toseeking pleasure instantly.Its our nature.Approval addiction is the demand for approval.Instantsatisfaction is the desire for pleasure without delay.They areintimately connected.When approval addiction and instantsatisfaction go to

22、gether,it 11 be like wanting the pleasureof approval immediately and continuously.Getting instantpleasure may comfort us immediately,but we will be missingthings that are actually better in the long-run.Remember,we dont need to have everything we want right away.We need to learn to slow down and app

23、reciate the wait.Greatthings take time“is not just a saying,it does mean something.You have a whole lot more to enjoy in life than checking yoursocial media home page.And there s a lot of good stuff aboutyourself than just those likes from social media.参考解析:在发布状态消息后，你不停地刷新自己的社交媒体主页,因为你迫不及待地想看看你朋友对你风

24、趣言论的看法。你迫不及待地想了解你朋友的看法，因为你非常希望他们认可你的行为。在寻求即时的愉悦感这一点上我们都是如此。这是我们的天性。认可成瘾是对认可的需要。即时满足是对立刻获得快乐的渴望。它们是密切相关的。当认可成瘾和即时满足交织在一起时，那就像是想要即刻并持续性地获得由认可带来的愉悦感。获得即时的愉悦感可能会在当下让我们得到安慰，但我们将错过那些实际上从长远来看更好的东西。记 住，我们不需要马上得到自己想要的一切。我们需要学会放慢脚步,珍惜等待。好事多磨”并不只是说说而已，它确实有着一定的意义。你在生活中可以享受的远不只是查看社交媒体主页。而比起社交媒体上 的 那 些 赞 ，你自己有着更多

25、精彩。7、简答题Pursuing perfection in your work may seem like a noble pursuit.After all,many would attribute at least part of Steve Jobslegacy to his incredible attention to detail and refusal toaccept anything short of perfection.Perfectionism may haveserved Jobs well at times,but for the average professi

26、onal,a tireless drive for perfection can create significantinefficiencies.Perfection is deceptive.Its like trying to climb a mountainthat has no summit.You never know if youve achieved it.Thegoal is not to deliver something perfect but to deliversomething that has impact.Perfectionism creates psycho

27、logicalbarriers to getting work done and causes you to spend time onwork that has little impact.Perfectionism is not a bad mentality at its core.You likelyseek perfection because you want to do great work and have anoutsized impact on the world around you.But,don，t letperfection deceive you into mak

28、ing it the primary goal.Instead,ask yourself,Whats the minimum amount of work I can do tocreate the greatest impact?”Then you 11 achieve much more thanyou are today and avoid the psychological burden of pursuingan unattainable goal.参考解析：在工作中追求完美似乎是一种高尚的追求。毕 竟，很多人会把乔布斯的传世成就至少部分归功于他对细节的极致关注，以及对任 不完美的拒

29、不忍受。完美主义也许曾偶尔对乔布斯颇有助益，但对于一般专业人士来说,不知疲倦地追求完美可能会导致效率严重低下。完美具有欺骗性。这就像试图攀登一座没有顶峰的山。你永远不知道自己是否到达了顶点。你的目标不是交付完美的产品，而是交付具有影响力的产品。完美主义使你对完成工作产生心理障碍，同时把时间花在无关痛痒的工作上。完美主义本质上并不是一种负面心态。你之所以追求完美，可能是因为你想把工作做出彩，并对你周围的世界产生超凡影响。但 是，不要让完美把你带入歧途，而将其看作首要目标。相 反，问问你自己，我怎么样才能以最小的工作量取得最大的效果?这样一来，你就能取得比现在多得多的成就，并避免因追求无法实现的目

30、标而产生的心理负担。8、简答题Millennials are exceptional in many ways.They are bettereducated than their predecessors,more culturally diverse,andmore economically active.Yet they face greater difficultiesincluding economic uncertainty and lack of f inancial planning.Young millennials lack the education in managin

31、g finances whichis imperative when applying for credit,staying out of debt,long-term wealth creation as well as saving for lifesuncertainties.Even if the amount is small,start saving.Prioritising savingswill make you financially disciplined which will in turn instilstrong financial habits that can l

32、ast a lifetime.Here a key tipwould be一Don,t save what is left after spending;spend whatis left after saving.参考解析：千禧一代在很多方面都很杰出。相比前人来说，他们接受的教育更好，其文化更具多样化，并且在经济上更加活跃。然 而，他们面临更大的困难，包括经济不确定性和缺乏财务规划。年轻的干禧一代缺乏财务管理方面的教育，而这对于申请信贷、远离债务、长期创造财富以及为生活中的不确定性存钱来说是必不可少的。即使金额很小，也要开始存钱。把储蓄放在首位会让你在财务上自律,从而逐步养成强大的可以持续一

33、生的财务习惯。这里有一个关键的建议不要把消费后剩下的钱存起来而是把存完之后剩下的钱用来消费。9、简答题To confirm the finding,humanity would need to make yet anothertrip to Mars.Getting there and acquiring the final evidencethat this is indeed a lake will not be an easy task,scientistssaid.It will require flying a robot there which is capableof drill

34、ing through 1.5 kilometers(or about 1 mile)of ice,and this will certainly require some technologicaldevelopments that at the moment are not available.z，Still,the research marks another chapter in the story of wateron Mars,which stretches back billions of years ago,when theplanet was still young.Back

35、 then,Mars was a watery world.Theplanet was surrounded by a warm,thick atmosphere.Fluffyclouds hung in the sky,and liquid water pooled on the surface,sloshing around in deep craters that sit empty today.Researchsuggests that Mars may have had enough water to coat a fifthof the planet.参考解析：为了证实这一发现，人类需要再次前往火星。”抵达火星并获得最终的证据这确实是一个湖泊一一并不是一件容易的事，科 学 家 说，这就需要带一个可以钻探1.5千米（或大约1英里）厚的冰的机器人过去，然 而，我们目前的技术还达不到这个水平。尽管如此，这项研究还是翻开了火星上有水这个故事的新篇章，这个故事可以追溯到数十亿年前，当时这个星球还很年轻。那 时 候，火星是一个水世界。这个星球被温暖厚重的大气所包围。蓬松的云彩飘在天 空 中，液态水汇集在地面上，在今天空无一物的深坑中流动。研究表 明，火星上的水可能曾经可以覆盖这个星球的五分之一。