大学英语翻译正反译法

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1、 Leave me alone. C. 留下我单独。 B. 让我一个人呆在。 A. 别理我；别烦我；你滚开。 The two little diamonds on that ring look greater they really are. B. 那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看上去比它们真 的大。 A. 那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看起来比较大， 但实际上并没有那么大。 Now, ten years later, she has gained her masters degree from Harvard University and is finally off welfare. 现在经过十年以后，她

2、已获得了哈佛大学的 硕士学位，并终于 摆脱了 政府救济。 现在经过十年以后，她已获得了哈佛大学的 硕士学位，并终于 不再依靠 政府救济。 一、引子 Matties hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary. 原译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住， 握 得比必要的时间长了一会儿 。 改译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住， 没 有立刻松开 。 正反译法定义 原文本来是正面表达，译文却从反 面着笔；或者，原文用肯定语气的， 译文不妨倒过来，采取否定或换反 义词加否定语气。另一方面，原文

3、 从反面表达，译文却从正面表达， 也属于该范畴。 习惯表达方式举例 spy film open case Keep in lane! Keep off the lawn! I couldnt agree more with you. 反谍影片 (正说反译） 没有结案的案件 不准换线！（ 正说反译 ） 请勿践踏草地！（ 正说 反译） 我 完全同意 你的看法。 （ 反说正译） 正说反译（英译汉） I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task. 我的确认为要完成这项任务是他 力所不及 的 He was absent from h

4、is own country last year. 他去年 不在 自己的国家 Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you ? 你知道她为什么老是 不想见 你？ Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫 不愿 见到她那张 毫无表情 的脸 It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out. 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就 不堪设想 When Stephen was introduced to the old co

5、uple, they said simply, “Weve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” 当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候， 他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章， 没想到你这么年轻 。” Often people have bits of the past which they have never told to even their husbands or wives. It takes someone a bit more distanced to coax it out. C. 人们往往有几个过去的秘密，

6、就连自己的 丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个 更大 距离的 人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。 A.人们往往有几个过去的秘密，就连自己的 丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个 不那 么亲近的旁人 来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出 来。 正说反译（汉译英） 他 一直希望 自己能成为老板的助手 The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 今天下午学生 统统 要交作业 Students, with no exception, are to hand in their assignment. 他

7、 光着脚 走进了房间 He came into the room with no shoes on. 这个小孩现在 完全能自己 走路了 The child can walk without any help now. 反说正译（英译汉） Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 他突然听见背后有声响，便立即意识到车库里 还有别人 。 In a little town such things cannot be done without remark. 在小镇上，这类事情

8、总会引起别人的议论 。 The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him. 归国的念头 始终萦绕在他的心头 。（原文是否 定的，译文从正面处理，译为肯定句。） Locals say the ban has sparked debate but there has been little resistance to the ban because smoking is not as much a part of Pakistani culture as drinking. 当地人说这个禁令引发了一场辩论，但是很 少有人反

9、对，因为 吸烟不像饮酒一样是 巴基 斯坦文化的一部分。 因为 吸烟不像饮酒 ,还算不上是 巴基斯坦 文化的一部分。 反说正译（汉译英） 他提前三天到达 是我们没想到的 His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 毋庸置疑 ，中国的工业在近几十年已取得辉煌的成绩 It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in industry in the past few decades. 士兵们发现他们还 远远没有 作好准备 The soldiers

10、 found themselves far from ready to fight. 双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而 不失体面 的建 议 Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 五、视角转换 视角转换定义：按照译语的思维 方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的 信息，从与原语不同（ 不包括相 反 ）的角度来表达同样意思。 五、视角转换 1. Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。 2. Jackson was quite open. 没有人防

11、守 杰克逊。 3. I wont keep you waiting long. 我 一会儿 就 回来 。 五、视角转换 4. The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted. 天渐渐有些亮了 ，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。 5. He drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands。 他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上， 双 手托着下巴 。 6. Old habits die h

12、ard. 积习 难除 。 五、视角转换 7. He knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue. 他的脸碰在了门上，因此，他的面颊变得 青一块， 紫一块 。 8. Ten to one the train will be late. 这趟火车 十之八九 要晚点。 9. 在美国， 人人都能买到枪 。 原译： In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. 改译： In the United States, guns are available to everyone.

13、 五、视角转换 10. 你可以从因特网上 获得 这一信息。 原译： You can obtain this information on the Internet. 改译： This information is accessible / available on the Internet. 11. 他 突然想到了一个新主意 。 原译： Suddenly he had a new idea. / He suddenly thought out a new idea. 改译： A new idea suddenly occurred to / struck him. 六、结束语 正面译不顺，不妨

14、反面着笔，以求尽量发挥翻译 技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术，就 是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧， 都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。 反译有时是必需的，因为说英、汉语的两个民族 的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念，一个 民族正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，而另一个 民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必 须全面、深入掌握两种语言，才能自觉地和自如 地运用正反译法这一技巧。 否定句 No more than You can no more swim than I can fly. (= Just as I can not fly, you can not swim.

15、) 跟我不能飞行一样，你也不能游泳 注解：在后面的部分，表面上虽然有肯定的形 式，但其含义是否定的可译为： “ 与同样不是 ”，或 “ 跟一样不能 ”等更多的例句： He is no more a god than we are. 他和我们一样都不是神 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 正像没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样，没有爱 家也不成其为家庭 无爱之家，不以为家；灵魂不在

16、，何以为人？ There is no more dependence to be placed on his words than there is on the wind. 其言之不可信赖，也像风之不足信赖一样 It is no more easy to spend money than it is to make money. 正如赚钱不容易一样，花钱也不容易 no less than 这是与 no more than相反的一种表现法在 no more than 的场合，连词 than 前后都是否定， 而在 no less than 的场合，连词 than的前后都是 肯定可一译为 “与同样

17、是” “跟同样能” 等例： A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 和马是哺乳动物一样，鲸也是哺乳动物 He is no less guilty than you. 他和你同样有罪 Not so much as = rather than not so much= without even His success is not so much by talent as by energy. 他的成功与其说是由于才能不如说是由于努力 The ocean does not so much divide the world as unite it.

18、与其说陆以洋分，不如说是陆以洋合 Success in life does not depend so much on ones school scores as on ones honesty and diligence. 事业的成功与其说是靠在学校的成绩，不如说是靠 为人的诚实和勤勉 He is not so much a scholar as a writer. 与其说他是学者， 不如说他是作者 The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of

19、 learning. 学校教育最大的效用，不在教你一些知识， 而在教你学习的方法 Cannottoo You cannot be too careful. You cannot be over careful You cannot be careful enough. You cannot be sufficiently careful. You cannot take enough care. It is impossible to speak in terms of too high praises of his merits. 他的功绩无论怎样赞扬也不为过。 A book may be

20、compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid if it too early. 书如邻里，善者，则倍加珍惜，长久保存；其不善者， 尽早弃之，不可犹豫。 书犹邻，善者，亲之宜久；恶者，弃之宜早。 否定 without They never meet without quarrelling. 他们每次见面必要吵架 It never rains without quarrelling. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆 否定 but (在否定字或准否定字后面所有的“ but

21、 “， 都是具有” which not “, “who not “, “ that not “等 否定意义的 There is no rule but has exception. 条条规则都有例外 There is no one but hopes to be rich. 没有人不想发财 There is nothing in the world but teaches us some good lesson. 世界上的一切都能给我们好的教训 否定重心的转移 Plastics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are

22、colorful. 工业塑料没有价值，因为它们五颜六色。 工业塑料不因为五颜六色而有价值。 工业塑料并不是因其颜色鲜艳才有价值的。 工业塑料的价值并不在于其颜色鲜艳。 否定的翻译 每种语言在表达形式上都有肯定形式与否定 形式之分，汉语和英语也不例外。 汉语和英语中的否定都可分为完全否定，部 分否定和双重否定。对不同的否定形式应采 取不同的译法。 汉语中表示完全否定的词语有： “不，决不，绝对不会，没有，非，未， 无，不是，毫不，根本没有，根本不，完全 不，否则” 等 部分否定： “ 并非所有的都，几乎没有，不总是， 几乎不，不怎么”等 双重否定： “非不，非莫，不没 有” 英语中表示否定可用两

23、种办法： 借助词汇 借助结构和表达方式 在借助词汇方面 动词： fail, deny, defy, miss, lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, overlook, exclude, withhold, refrain from, prevent from Such a chance was denied me. 我 没有得到 这样一个机会 使我们失望的是他 不顾 大局 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 名词： absence, failure,

24、refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion, omission, lack, denial, scarcity 他开车时 心不在焉 ，几乎闯祸 His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 他 未能 履行诺言，我们大家都很失望 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed all of us. 形容词： ignorant, free from, far from, safe from, short of, 这次演出

25、 根本没有 失败，而是非常成功 The performance was far from being a failure; it was a great success. 据悉敌军给养 不足 It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies. 副词和副词短语： little, otherwise, tooto 他显然有 不同 的想法 He evidently thinks otherwise. 我 根本不 知道他会遇到什么麻烦 I little knew what trouble he was going to have. 连

26、词： unless, before, until, rather than, or. 不 了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elemental knowledge. 部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops. 介词和介词短语： without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of,

27、out of 等 如果 没有 你帮忙，那件任务我是无法完成 的 Without your help, I could not have fulfilled the task in time. 英语中含有半否定语气的词有： seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely 等 工作 没有 经验，出点差错，几乎是 不可 避免的 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you have little experience in your work. 那些民工挣到的钱 几乎不够 他们养家糊口 Those migrant workers har

28、dly earn enough money to support their family. 那些民工挣到的钱 几乎不够 他们养家糊口 他开车时 心不在焉 ，几乎闯祸 这次演出 根本没有 失败，而是非常成功 到目前为止，这个组织的表现 辜负 了我们对它寄予 的希望。 长大后 不再依赖 我们的母亲并不一定意味着我们不 再爱她了 Those migrant workers hardly earn enough money to support their family. His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident

29、. The performance was far from being a failure; it was a great success. The performance of his organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which we set on it. Our being independent from our mothers after we grow up does not necessarily mean that we no longer love her. 课堂练习 他 不在 ，我感到很寂寞 In his

30、absence, I felt very lonely, 他 不顾他人 ，使得大家都很生气 His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present. 她 没有同伴 ,只一个人坐在车厢一角 动也不动 Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. 是重力 使 我们 不 致于从地球上抛出去 It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth. 返回祖国

31、的念头 始终萦在绕 他们心头 The thought of returning to his motherland never deserts him. The thought of returning to his motherland always haunts him. During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around in 16 provinces, leaving his footprints nearly every corner of the country. When conducting his investigations, he

32、never blindly followed the conclusions given in the books. He found many inaccuracies in the geographical documents left by his predecessors. To find out the real facts and detailed information, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he would scale mountains and ford streams, making long t

33、reks entirely on foot. To find out the true picture of nature, he would venture deep into the mountain Areas with perilous trails and forests seldom visited by human beings. As a result, he discovered many fantastic mountains and beautiful sceneries. In different seasons and at different hours of th

34、e day, he would come back for a revisit to the famous mountains at different places, making repeated observations of the ever- changing marvelous sceneries. 认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才有可能赶 超先进。提高我国的科学技术水平，当然必须依靠我 们自己努力，必须发展我们自己的创造，必须坚持独 立自主自力更生的方针。但是独立自主不是闭关自守， 自力更生不是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的 财富。任何一个民族一个国家都需要学习别的民族别 的国家的长处，学习人家的先进科学技术。我们不仅 因为今天科学技术落后，需要努力向外国学习。即使 我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人 家的长处。