考研英语语法

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1、考研英语语法 非限定动词(）动词最重要 简朴句 （种基本句型) 限定动词 并列句 名词性从句（4）长难句分析 复合句 定语从句(5) 状语从句（6）时态（1） 被动(2)It (7）：做先行代词的用法 在强调构造中的用法倒装（8）:if在虚拟构造中的条件从句 nly或否认词提前 As 或 howeve在前的让步状语从句比较级句子:跟句子、短语等- （9)在句中的意义:解释阐明和插入（不影响句子自身构造)带的形容词(0）五种基本句型:最基本的,有助于分析句子构造,理解长难句。1、动词时态：在英语中,不同步间一不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表达。在时间上分为四大类-目前时、过去

2、时、将来时和过去将来时;在行为上又分为四种-一般式、进行式、完毕式和完毕进行式。考研中常用到的有一定难度的:过去进行时、过去将来时（oud表过去习惯动作)、目前完毕时、目前完毕进行时等。目前完毕时(表达动作或状况发生在目前此前的某个未经明确指出的过去时间内,目前已经完毕或结束，给目前导致了影响；或者这个动作至今尚未完毕,也许继续下去也也许停止)Hbeleves ta ths e difiulty have ad he compensatngadvtage o forcig himo thik long intently outevesentenc, nd thusnblinhim to det

3、ect errors in rasoning an in his own osevations.（08)目前完毕进行时(表达由过去某时开始或发生至今仍将继续进行或刚刚结束的动作；反复发生的动作)We are hs led to distiguis, whin theoadeduatonal poess which whvbe so far considering, a m fmalkinof dution.(9)2、被动语态:当主语是动作的承受者时,动词要用被动语态，只有及物动词才有被动语态；由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成，它的时态由be动词的变化体现。考研中常用的被动语态与时态的结合:一般

4、目前时、目前完毕时、一般过去时一般目前时：Utl hse ssus are roved,tcnology ofbehavior l ontinu oberjecte,and it it pssblythenl way ovour problems(02）一般过去时：Te oipr was ivn aoerpus up ths eek when Irq usdd oil exports.(2)目前完毕时：rditoll, lgllening habeen iewed in suh ititutios as spal presrv lawe, rath than necsry par f te i

5、ntelecta equipment of an educate person.（07）3、非限定动词(不能单独做谓语，没有性数变化,不涉及在句子的主干中)涉及动词不定式、分词(-ed -g)、动名词1、 动词不定式:由(not）+t+动词原形构成，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语或状语做主语和宾语：Totae is approaho the e Enlader normaly e totart wih hePuitans theloicanovatios and theirdistiive idea ou te huchimportnt ubjetsthatwe ma not gle.

6、（09）做表语：Th deininterm of inteligee in humans stileems to be heIQscr, even thuh IQtests areno given a ften sthy use tobe(7）做宾补:If yo the examnd the Eroan nationl ot temsthat feedth World Cup and pfsonalranks,you ould find histrage phnomnonto b ever more pruned.(7）做状语:To tke advantage o this tol,soe m

7、poershed coures will ha to get vr heioutatd ani-coonia prejdices wit respecttoforein nvestmt.(1）2、 分词:它兼有动词、形容词、和副词的特性；有两种形式，-ed 被动完毕,-ng积极进行；在句中担任定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。目前分词和过去分词的区别: avig fim surprisn The plays borig. a moeaudience surprisd I letecausIwa bod做定语:Ateamf researherwokntoeher in heloratry woul

8、dsubmi te reuts of heirreseach to jourl（08) Nt hoice,but haitrules the nrelecting erd.(0）pcilsationwas onl e of a sries of relaeddeveoments in scienc affectig the pce ofcuncao.（0)做状语：(-ng 与主句主语是积极关系; ed与主句主语被动关系）We each for tem midlsly,setting o rans on uto-pilot an rlaxinintheucnciuscoforof familir

9、otne.（09)Asked ifsh oposeimizatns,seantd t knowf vacinesome fro ailresearc.（0)状语（h或w)he aminghuingconsructin,the esearhers discoered that lirate, nonlispeakigMexicn wkers in Huston,eas, cnistentl met est-pratice aor poductvitystaard dsite th comlxityofhe buldn indutry rk。（09)独立构造:No ong ago, ith te

10、cotry neri recessinand an at its pr-bbblepek.ThU. wrore was rided a poryeduted none of rimay causof poorUS.economic erfomanc.(0）3、动名词：兼有名词和动词的特性,可在句中做主语、表语、宾语等ining poming enngs canbetime-onumg andfiient（4)4、名词性从句：在句中起名次作用的从句,涉及主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。(连接词tha, wheh.or,if 在从句中不做任何成分 Who, whom，whos, whic

11、h, wht,whatevr,whoever 在句中充当语法成分 Wen， wher,why,ho在从句中做状语成分)主语从句:That the seasare bin overfise hs benknow oryear.（6）表语从句:One ificuty i tat alotall fwat s lld beav sience contnues to rceehaorto state ofmid, feeling, trats characr, huannatur, nd s o(2)宾语从句：Nanc Dubler， iretor f Montefioe Medical ener,

12、cntends tatthe priciplewill shldoctos（02)On th onrry, onstrains o improving prductivt expainwhy eucation int dveloi e quicky thee thant .(0)同位语从句：A cntury ao, Freud forutd h revoiony tortatdreas weete isuied hadow of ou uncscious desiead fars.(05)5、 定语从句：在句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句。先行词和关系词。关系词既起着联

13、系从句和主句的作用，又替代先行词在从句中担当有语法成分。（that, w, o, whom,whose;whn， whee, wy)关系代词:Its an inteactive eaur at les isiorke ob criteasuhas locion, title， andslry,te Eais hewhn a macing itn otedinh atabae.(04）(作主语）Scienists need to repon forullytna righaocaes, whose rgume ae confusig h publcad theeby hreening advan

14、es in helh knoldgeand care.(3）All ofus okthroughob inways of whcher uawe(09)(加介词)ere ae even suport roupsfo toewo an t acieve the md-9 equivaentof droppigot（1）Hereis an example, whih I hear at a nrses conti, of atory, which works wll bcaus the audince al sare hesame view f dtor.（0)(非限制性)关系副词:I drems

15、,a wind pens into a word whereogi seed and ead peolepek。（05）、状语从句:在复合句中做状语的从句，有连接词。分为时间、地点、因素、条件、让步、目的、成果、方式和比较时间(when whl a;heever eery time; il unti; befe ftr; ssnasoethe mnut；nosone.han hardly.when 主句部分倒装)Whnhstoric man aried inew parts of the worl, soethig strange happed to he lageanimals.(06）Ee

16、r imeou aswr a quetinoelminate a ssbilit.（04)A the Ieretbecomes oe andmorcmerciaze， i i ite ntrest f bsies o unvslizeaccs。（01)nil these iare eslvd， atechology ofbehavi willctinu t berected, and wi i posibly e ony waytosolv o poems.(02）让步状语:(althugh, ogh, ven though; s 从句半倒装）Althogh a seachen worked

17、for Redmon, caer eperts see dwbacks.(4）成果状语：Tnewly describdlanguagewer ote so string differen from he well stuidanguags Eurpead SotasAsi tht some scholrven accusdBas an Sapir offbriatingher ata(04)方式状语：We ar obliged to te becaue sm otheselanguaes havesine vashd,as e peols wh spoke them ieou o becme

18、assimilaed n ls the atvlaguages. (04)比较状语:But th 4-yeroldmanicurist sn utting, filin rpoishn as mnynal as shed lke to, iher.（0）Th roe of natrl selection in eoluton as formlte only a tlmre thanahundeers ago,and the lecioeftheenironmenti shaping an mintaining te bhavir of he indivua is nlybginnig o be

19、 recnized and sudied.(02）But he ide hat the journalist ut udertand the lawmore profondly hanan ordinryciten rs na undersandng of theestablish convntio and specal resposibiltieso heew meda.（07)This sccess l Eriss tconclue that the actof memorizng s ore of a gnt ercsethana intutive oe.（0）条件状语:I oil pr

20、ics eraed $22 a bare or a ful yer, compaed it 3in19， thi oul ncease te oliortbil inrich econoiby l0.25 - 0.5% f D.7、It：先行代词,引导背面的短语或从句。当主语是动词不定式、动名词、主语从句时,往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，将it放在句首。I seems ntitetcal o talabou habits n esamecontext as creatiy adination.(0)It nver occre o tatI mighbeome arof new intenaton

21、 tre.(01）强调句：当我们要强调句子的某一部分(一般是主语、宾语、状语）时，一般用“Its+被强调部分+ht(who)+句子的其他部分”这种句子构造。Itis awi fathr taowsh own hildren.(09)8、 倒装：if 在虚拟构造中的条件从句Only或否认词提前As或hower在前的让步状语从句Oly wen humani bent gtitsfod in a mpructve wa ws teretie for othr tngs.（9)Hereis examl,wihI hearaa urses conenion,f a story, wch wrks wel

22、bcause th audienceallshard he sme iw octors.(02）haps ner befor hatserved s muh o conectdiferent peoplesandatios ainhe reent vents i Europe.(5)9、-的用法:插入解释阐明:Fr an jo earch, yo soulsttwith a narr oncpt whtyo thikuwant todthn bradeni.(04）解释阐明：Sietits mutommunitheirmssage tothpublic in compassiont,uners

23、ablewyi uan terms，nt inhengua ofolcular bioloy（03)10、合成形容词:pysici-ased suiide antinllectuism off-th-ff reark pesurintelligeneer-sic firm bak-andfthing lt-tiggAse aeobliged to th becase smeof thes languags hve since aihed，as e poe who spok thm id utrcam ailated adlot heir nti lguags.(04)Tyor dee cult

24、reas“ that cole whoe whiicldes belief，ar, orals, lw,cutom, ad an other capabilitnd habits acqired by mas a mmberof society.” (0）（read.)As a phsica, no temot costladramat measues ma be inefftiveand pnfu(0)Hs fnction s analogous to that o a ge, who ustacce teobligaton of eing ina obvious a mnner s osi

25、ble the crse frasnig which le hi tohs decison（06)I 句子成分句子的构成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的构成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语的基本成分有六种:主语（sbect)、谓语（preicae)、表语(predictive)、宾语(bet)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbil)。II 基本句型基本句型一： SV （主谓)基本句型二: S V (主+谓表)基本句型三: SVO（主+谓宾)基本句型四： V （主+谓间宾直宾)基本句型五:S V (主+谓+宾+宾补） 1

26、基本句型 一S V （主+谓）此句型的句子有一种共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能体现完整的意思。此类动词叫做不及物动词，背面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等 基本句型二 S V P (主谓表）此句型的句子有一种共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能体现一种完整的意思,必须加上一种表白主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才干体现完整的意思。此类动词叫做连系动词。e， ook, kep, em， ge, row,becme，turn等his is an EnlishChinese dictina. 这是本英汉辞典。The inne ell gd.午餐的气味较好。 Evythg loodiffern. 一切看来

27、都不同了。 He i growigl and strong.她长得又高又壮。 Ou wellha gone r 我们的井干枯了。 Hsfac ued red 她的脸红了。3基本句型 三S （主谓宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作,但不能体现完整的意思，必须跟有一种宾语,即动作的承受者,才干使意思完整。此类动词叫做及物动词。S V（及物动词)1.Whoow the aswe? 谁懂得答案？2.He has fused to them. 她回绝帮她们的忙。3.e ejoys rading. 她喜欢看书。4.Teat what wa left ove 她们吃了剩饭。5

28、. He sad oo ni. 她说：早上好！基本句型 四S （主+谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一种共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才干体现完整的意思。这两个宾语一种是动作的直接承受者，另一种是动作的间接承受者。一般这一间接承受者用一种介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。SV(及物)(多指人) O(多指物)1.She orderd herself a new dres. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳2. Soehr huba a eliciousmeal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。3. Houhoadictioa.她给你带来了一本字典。4 sowdhim y p

29、ctues. 我给她看我的照片。5.I gave my cr ws. 我洗了我的汽车。5 基本句型 五V O (主+谓宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一种宾语还不能体现完整的意思,必须加上一种补充成分来补足宾语,才干使意思完整。S V（及物) （宾语） (宾补)1. They ppointedh managr.她们任命她当经理。2. eypaiedt oorgreen. 她们把门漆成绿色。3.This se them tinking.这使得她们要细想一想。4. Wat makes hm in so？ 她怎么会这样想？5.H askd e tome backsoon. 她要我早点回来。6 I w e getingo the bus 我看见她们上了那辆公共汽车。