偏心导杆调速器设计[三维PROE]【含CAD图纸+PDF图】
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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)相关资料题目: 偏心导杆调速器 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号: 0923188 学生姓名: 赵操超 指导教师: 唐正宁 (职称:副教授 ) (职称: ) 2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计(论文)开题报告二、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文(论文)计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目: 偏心导杆调速器 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号: 0923188 学生姓名: 赵操超 指导教师: 唐正宁 (职称:副教授 ) (职称: )2012年 11月12日 课题来源自拟题目科学依据(包括课题的科学意义;国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势;应用前景等)(1) 课题科学意义 调速器用于减小某些机器非周期性速度波动的自动调节装置。可使机器转速保持定值或接近设定值。水轮机、汽轮机、燃气轮机和内燃机等与电动机不同,其输出的力矩不能自动适应本身的载荷变化,因而当载荷变动时,由它们驱动的机组就会失去稳定性。这类机组必须设置调速器,使其能随着载荷等条件变化,随时建立载荷与能源供给量之间的适应关系,以保证机组作正常运转。调速器的理论和设计问题,是机械动力学的研究内容。调速器的种类很多。其中应用最广泛的是机械式离心调速器。而以测速发电机或其他电子器件作为传感器的调速器,已在各个工业部门中广为应用。 调速器的种类很多,按其工作原理的不同可分为机械式、气动式、液动式、机械气动复合式和电子式等多种形式。目前应用最广泛的当属机械式调速器,其结构简单、工作可靠、性能良好。偏心导杆调速器也属于机械式调速器。(2) 偏心导杆调速器的研究状况及其发展前景 目前中国从事自动调速器生产的企业共有20多家,根据这些企业的已建产能和在建产能统计,2015年中国自动调速器产能将达到775万台。 解放初期,我国调速器事业一片空白,几乎从零开始,大部分产品从苏联购买,少量制造亦是照搬苏联图纸生产。5060年代,我国调速器大部分系机械液压型调速器。在大跃进年代,当时的水利水电科学研究院、哈尔滨电机厂等单位曾联合研制了我国第一台调速器,并安装在广东从化流溪河水电站运行了一段时间。60年代初,当时的水利水电科学研究院、天津电气传动设计研究所、长江流域规划办公室等单位联合研制了我国第一台晶体管电液调速器,并在湖北陆水试验电站运行了相当长一段时间。70年代至80年代初,新建的大中型水电站较多地采用了电子管、晶体管或小规模集成电路电液调速器,一些小型水电站也少量采用了电液调速器,此阶段可算是机械液压调速器与电气液压调速器并重。但电气液压调速器由于所选用的主要电子元件组件质量不过关,其长期使用的可靠性普遍较低。 研究内容1. 阅读外文资料,翻译与所学专业或课题相关的外文文献5000字左右,语句通顺、流畅、准确;2了解偏心导杆调速器的工作原理;3根据具体结构,拟定分析设备设计方案;4绘制整套零件图,装配图;5. 用Pro/E进行造型,装配后进行运动仿真;6. 撰写论文,要求符合本科论文的格式要求,语言简洁、流畅、层次分明。上机时数不少于200小时,整个毕业设计过程的技术工作要严谨、灵活、工作要有主动性,计算方法、计算的程序、计算结果、结论要正确。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 偏心导杆调速器主要由锥齿轮、主动链轮、从动链轮、导杆、曲柄、滑块、标尺、等部分组成。其工作原理是:当主动链轮输入等角速度时,由于导杆和曲柄的轴心线偏置,从动链轮就输出周期性的变角速度。 先松开带柄螺母,然后转动手柄对照标尺进行调节,调节完毕后,再将带柄螺母重新固紧。 可行性分析:通过各主要部分系统的确定,主要问题可以解决。细节问题也可以方便的处理,总的来说,此方案的可行性没有问题。研究计划及预期成果研究计划:2012年11月25日-2012年12月25日:按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日:填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月8 日-2013年3月14日:按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日:学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日:绘制二维零件图。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日:绘制三维图。2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日:毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果:明确偏心导杆调速器预期达到的性能指标和工作路线。总体方案的设计,可行性的分析。偏心导杆调速器的初步设计,总体结构的设计,各部件的参数设计。强度计算,分析验证,优化设计。完成二维图和三维图的绘制。完成三维总装图的动态展示。完成设计说明书。特色或创新之处 偏心导杆调速器属于常用的机械式调速器,其结构简单、加工方便、安全性高。其特色在于能按刻度调节速度的大小,寿命长,不易损坏。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 各类资料比较齐全查阅方便; 偏心导杆调速器已有类似的产品可以参考。 锥齿轮的计算,轴承的寿命,标尺的刻度等等。指导教师意见 指导教师签名:年 月 日教研室(学科组、研究所)意见 教研室主任签名: 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名: 年 月 日英文原文A knowledge-based system for materials selection in mechanical engineering designAbstract This paper studies various work on the development of computerized material selection system. The importance of Knowledge-based system (KBS) in the context of concurrent engineering is explained. The study of KBS in material selection in an engineering design process is described. The development in materials databases, which sometimes serve as material selection packages, is also discussed. The use of KBS in material selection and the application in the domain of polymeric-based composite are chosen as typical examples. 2001 Published by Else vier Science Ltd.Introduction Materials selection is a task normally carried out by design and materials engineers. Gutte ridge and Water- man 1 described the aim of materials selection as the identification of materials, which after appropriate manufacturing operations, will have the dimensions, shape and properties necessary for the product or component to demonstrate its required function at the lowest cost. For the purpose of material selection, thousands of data would be needed to characterize all the grades of materials. Many selection systems are available to help design engineers to choose the most suitable materials. At the most basic level, design engineers could use tables of material properties in data books. However, data sheets are incomplete and once published, they are difficult to update. Dadd and Fair-full 2 described how information about engineering materials, can be divided into two main categories, i.e. data and knowledge. Data is defined as the results of measurements, whereas knowledge represents the connections between items of data, the source of this knowledge, which contributes to an understanding of the results. Both the computerized database and the KBS of material selection will be described in the following sections.The material database for materials selection 2.1. Supporting data and rigorous logic for the hypothesis and observation.In recent years, attention is being made to the use of computer systems to store and process data regarding the properties of materials. It enables the designers to achieve large capacity and rapid retrieval from a computer database to provide easy access to the materials data.According to Prada 3, materials are the common elements enumerating parts in a product realization process. Nowadays, design engineers normally rely on the materials that they are familiar with. However, when design requirements exceed the constraints of such materials or exceed the constraints on material properties, concurrent engineering teams must consider alternative materials. With direct online access to a materials database, the concurrent engineering teams could select materials that are lighter, stronger and lower in cost. Assuming that the impact of such substitutions can be analyzed or simulated, the teams could easily make an optimum selection of materials for the available processes,conserve materials for each process and thus, reduce material waste. White 4 emphasized the importance of computer aided materials selection as books have several drawbacks as they are often outdated before reaching the bookshelves. It is very difficult to index them to find answers or to sort data in the manner of your choice. A computerized system, which provides access to materials data, is not necessarily a materials selection system, although access to data is essential to facilitate selection.2.2. Critical review This section reviews the development of computerized materials databases that enabled designers to select the materials in mechanical engineering design application. The development of material databases has been reported by Harmer 5 , Breuer et al 6-10, Baur 11-12 , Michael 13 , Ashby 14-15 and C ebon and Ashby 16-17 .Harmer 5 reported that various database systems have been developed for plastics, elastomers and rubbers such as the Cambridge Materials Selector (CMS) , CAMPUS, Selector II, Specula, Cen-base/Materials, Mat. DB, Plastics Design Library .Engineered Materials Abstracts, FUNDUS, Prospector Plus, Poly mat, SPAO, Pro-Concept, Explorer, Platapolymerically, Standards Info-disk, Piura Abstracts, Packaging Science and Technology Abstracts, Chem-In-tell and Welda-search.Computer-aided material pre-selection by uniform standards (CAMPUS) is a widely used materials database for plastics 6-10. A product similar to that of CAMPUS is a database concerned with the selection of long fiber reinforced plastics. This system is called FUNDUS and it allows the distribution of material information from the producer to the designer end-user 11-13. As such, it is of interest to all who work with sheet molding compound (SMC) , bulk molding compound ?.BMC or glass-mat thermoplastic (GMT) materials as reported by Baur 11-12 and Michael i et al. 13 . CAMPUS and FUNDUS have features, which allow the user to view all properties for any listed product, print the data for any product search the database for products satisfying specific property requirements, select and view properties for comparison, and sort according to specific requirement in ascending or descending order. Ashby14, 15 and C ebon and Ashby 16-17 developed a computerized materials selection system called Cambridge Materials Selector (CMS). The system uses materials selection charts, which are a way of displaying material property data through the use of optimization procedures. The selection process depends on implementing performance Indices, a combination of material properties, which if maximized, optimizes performance. The charts are developed to present the materials,and the performance Indices, so that the most suitable selection of materials and shape can be carried out.Machine DesignThe complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to todays designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on.If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.中文译文机械工程设计选材基础知识 摘要本文致力于研究对各种材料选择的电脑化系统发展。并对以基础知识的系统在并行工程环境(KBS)的重要性进行了解释。KBS的研究在材料选择方面由一个工程设计过程来描述。材料数据库的发展,和选材服务,也被讨论到了。在材料选择KBS和使用中的聚合物基复合材料领域的应用是选材典型的例子。2001年由Else-vier科学有限公司出版。1. 简介材料选择通常是设计和材料工程师一项任务。加特里奇和水人1中是这样描述选择材料的:经过适当的制造业务,将有尺寸,形状和性能的产品或组件要以最低的成本展示其规定功能的材料选择的目标。对于选材的目的,成千上万的数据将需要所有的材料的特性。许多选择系统可以帮助设计工程师选择最合适的材料。在最基本的层面上,设计工程师可利用材料性能数据手册表。但是,数据表是不完整的,一旦公布,他们是难以更新。多德和范福2描述了有关工程材料的资料,可分为两大类,即数据和知识的分歧。数据被定义为测量的结果,而信息代表之间的数据,在这方面的知识,这有助于对结果的认识源项目的连接。无论是计算机化的数据库和材料选择的KBS将在以下各节描述。2. 针对对材料选择的材料数据库2.1 支持这一假设的数据和严密的逻辑近年来,关注正在面向计算机系统来存储和处理数据的有关材料的性能。它使得设计者能够在实现大容量和快速的从一个计算机数据库里检索到资料数据。据普拉萨德3,材料是在列举部分产品实现过程的共同要素。如今,设计工程师通常依赖于材料,他们所熟悉的。然而,当超过设计要求这些材料的限制或超过材料特性的限制,并行工程团队必须考虑替代材料。随着直接在线访问材料数据库,并行工程团队可以选择的材料,重量更轻,更强,成本更低。假设,这种替代的影响可以分析或模拟,团队可以轻而易举地把一个可用进程的最佳选择材料,节约每一个程序的材料,因此,减少材料浪费是必须的。白4强调了计算机选型辅助材料的重要性,图书有几个缺点,他们往往在到达的书架得时候已经过时。这使得他们很难找到答案指标进行排序或在您选择的方式的数据。电脑化系统,它提供了访问数据的材料,并不一定是材料选择系统,虽然对数据的访问是必要的,以方便选择。2.2严格审查本节回顾了计算机化的材料数据库,使设计人员选择了机械工程设计中的应用材料的发展。材料数据库的发展哈默曾报道5,布鲁尔等6-10,鲍尔11-12,Michael i13,阿什比14-15和C ebon和Ashby16-17。哈默5报道,各种数据库系统已用于塑料,橡胶等材料的选择剑桥(CMS)校园,选择二,材料,橡胶垫发展。数据库,塑料设计库。文摘工程材料,眼底,勘探者另外,市产管办,临概念,探险家,普拉特的Polymers-can,标准Info-disk,皮拉文摘,包装科学与技术文摘,化学,网络和搜索。计算机辅助材料前通过统一标准的选择(CAMPUS)是一种广泛使用的塑料材料数据库6-10。一个产品类似CAMPUS,与长纤维选择有关的数据库增强塑料。这个系统被称为眼底,它允许信息从材料到设计生产销售的最终用户11-13。因此,它是关系到所有谁与片状模塑料(SMC)的,散装模塑料(BMC)或玻璃垫热塑性(GMT)的材料由鲍尔报道11-12和Michael i等。13。校园及眼底有特点,它允许用户查看任何列出的产品的所有属性,打印任何产品搜索数据,满足特定性能要求,选择和查看比较性质的产品数据库,并按照升序排序的具体要求或降序。阿什比14,15和C ebon和Ashby16-17开发一个计算机化的材料选择系统,称为剑桥材料选择器(CMS)的。该系统使用材料的选择图表,这是一种显示,通过优化程序使用材料性能数据的方法。甄选过程由实施性能指标而定,一个物质属性的组合,而如果最优化性能。图表的开发,以目前的材料,和性能指标,使最合适的材料和形状可以进行选择。机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性,还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能,它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 仔细精确的计算是必要的,以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下,最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算(图纸尺寸)检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 计算机是一种工具,它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算,并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力,已经使计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作,因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。另一个重要问题,设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。在开始阶段设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商,并得到批准。这一般是通过口头讨论,草图和文字材料进行的。 如前所诉,机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处,只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而,应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前,必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。 应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面,应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如,即使将一个小数点的位置放错,也会使正确的设计变成错误的。 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法,而且愿意承担一定的风险,当新的方法不适用时,就使用原来的方法。因此,设计人员必须要有耐心,因为,所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计,要求屏弃许多陈旧的,为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规,这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法,在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理,将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生,只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后,才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此,一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时,也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是,如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法,就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。
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