立式升降台数控铣床设计【含CAD图纸+PDF图】
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山东大学毕业设计(论文)摘要随着人工智能在计算机领域的渗透和发展,数控系统引入自适应控制模糊系统和神经网络的控制机理,不但具有自动编程前馈控制模糊控制学习控制自适应控制工艺参数自动生成三维刀具补偿运动参数动态补偿等功能,而且人机截面极为友好,并且有故障诊断专家系统使自诊断和故障监控功能更趋完善。伺服系统智能化的主轴交流驱动和智能化进给伺服装置,能自动识别负载并自动优化调整参数。直线电机驱动系统以使用化。三坐标数控铣床的进给运动是数字控制的直接对象,不论点位控制还是连续控制,被加工工件的最后坐标精度和轮廓精度都受到进给运动的传动精度灵敏度和稳定性的影响。为此,要注意以下三点进给运动要求:(1) 减少运动件的摩擦力。进给系统虽有许多元件,但摩擦阻力主要来自丝杠和导轨,丝杠和导轨结构的滚动化是减少摩擦的重要措施之一。(2) 提高传动精度和刚度。在进给系统中滚珠丝杠和支承结构是决定其传动精度和刚度的主要部件,因此,必须首先保证它们的加工精度。(3) 减少运动惯量。进给系统中每个元件的惯量对伺服机构的启动和制动特性都有直接的影响,尤其是处于高速运转的零件,其惯性的影响更大。设计是在原有普通铣床的基础上,对其进行改造,成为三坐标数控铣床。该机床能通过三轴联动,实现曲线直线等不同的加工路线。 所设计的三坐标数控铣床,三个坐标方向的移动均由步进电机带动,主轴电机采用交流电机,所有电机均由单片机进行控制。此设计主要对数控铣床的机构进行设计,了解单片机的工作原理,主要有以下几个方面:X、Y、Z工作台的传动机构设计,主要是滚珠丝杠的运用;机床整体结构的设计,了解优缺点,充分考虑主要矛盾,择优选取;单片机控制系统的设计,进一步熟悉其应用。关键词: 三坐标铣床, 设计计算, 控制系统, 编程ABSTRACTAs the field of artificial intelligence in computer penetration and development, the introduction of Adaptive Control, CNC fuzzy systems and neural network control mechanism, not only has the automatic feedforward control programming ,Learning Control, Fuzzy Control, Adaptive Control, Parameter Automatic generated three-dimensional tool compensation,features such as motion parameters of dynamic compensation, and human-machine section is extremely friendly, and there is fault diagnosis expert system enables self-diagnosis and fault monitoring functions even better. AC spindle servo system of intelligent servo drive and intelligence into the device can automatically identify the load and automatically adjust the parameters optimized.Linear motor drive system to use the technology.D NC milling machine is digitally controlled feed motion of the direct object, regardless of position control or continuous control, the final coordinates of the workpiece to be machined precision and contour accuracy are subject to the movement of the drive into the accuracy of the sensitivity and stability. To this end, we should note the following three feed motion requirements:(1) Reduce the moving parts of the friction. Although many components into a system, but mainly from the screw and guide rail friction, screw and rolling guide structure is the one of the important measures to reduce friction.(2) To improve transmission accuracy and rigidity. In the ball screw feed system and the supporting structure is the driving accuracy and rigidity of its major components, therefore, must first ensure their accuracy.(3) Reduce the movement of inertia. Feed system inertia of each component of the servo start-up and braking characteristics have a direct impact, especially in high-speed operation of the parts, the inertia of more.General milling machine in the original design is based on the conduct of its transformation into coordinate CNC milling machine. The three-axis machine tool through the linkage, and curve lines, such as different processing routes.CNC milling machine designed to coordinate the three coordinate directions of movement by the step motor to drive the spindle motor AC motor, all motor control by the microcontroller.The design of the main body of the CNC milling machine design, understanding of microcontroller works, mainly in the following areas: X, Y, Z table of the driving mechanism, mainly the use of ball screws; machine tool structural design, understanding of strengths and weaknesses, take full account of the principal contradiction, merit selection; microcomputer control system, become more familiar with their application.Key words: coordinate milling machine, design and calculation, control systems, programming目录第1章 绪论11.1数控铣床的分类11.2 数控铣床的组成及特征21.3 数控铣床的主要功能及应用5第2章 设计主要参数及基本思想62.1 课题要求62.2 设计原则72.3 总结构设计7第3章 立式数控铣床的设计和计算93.1 主传动系统的设计93.2 主轴系统计算143.3进给伺服系统的设计163.4进给传动的计算18第4章 微机控制系统的设计304.1 微机控制系统组成及特点304.2微机控制系统设备介绍314.3程序部分36结论40参考文献41致谢42
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