全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计-直动式溢流阀的设计含7张CAD图
全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计-直动式溢流阀的设计含7张CAD图,液压,轮式,装载,系统,设计,直动式,溢流,cad
XXXXXXX XX(设计)任务书论文(设计)题目:全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计 直动式溢流阀的设计 学号: XXXXXXX 姓名: XXXXXXX 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师:XXXXXXX 系主任: XXXXXXX 一、主要内容及基本要求 1、了解全液压轮式装载机的液压系统的工作原理及流程; 2、确定液压系统的主要参数,验算液压系统的性能; 3、用Auto CAD绘图软件绘制装配图,零件图; 4、设计说明书8000字以上,内容完整,计算准确; 5、外文翻译3000 左右字符; 二、重点研究的问题 动臂液压缸的设计,直动式液流阀的设计。 三、技术指标主要技术参数:额定斗容5,液压泵的理论流量=505.163,液压泵的功率=210.485转向泵流量61.2 油箱体积1520四、进度安排序号各阶段完成的内容 完成时间1查阅资料、调研1周2开题报告、制定设计方案2周3设计计算38周4CAD画图912周5整理说明书、外文翻译1314周6修改图纸和说明书15周7打印图纸、毕业设计答辩五、应收集的资料及主要参考文献1 液压传动与气压传动M。华中科技大学出版社。2008 杨曙东 何存兴主编2 现代工程图学M.湖南科学技术出版社。2000 周良德 杨世平 邱爱红等主编3 机械设计(第八版)M.高等教育出版社北京.2002 纪名刚等主编4 机械原理(第七版)M.西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室.20065 工程机械液压系统设计计算(M)北京:机械工业出版社,19856 液压元件与系统(M)北京:机械工业出版社,2005李壮云等编7 行走机械液压传动(M)北京:人民交通出版社,2003姚怀新编8 现代工程机械液压系统分析(M)北京:人民交通出版社,1998颜荣庆编9 孔庆华 刘传绍.极限测量与测试技术基础M.上海:同济大学出版社.200210 实用液压技术(M)北京:机械工业出版社,1999张磊编11理论力学(M).西北工业大学出版社 2004 尹冠生XXXXXXXXX设计评阅表学号 XXXXXXX 姓名 XXXXXXX 专业 XXXXX 毕业论文(设计)题目:全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计直动式溢流阀的设计评价项目评 价 内 容选题1.是否符合培养目标,体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求,达到综合训练的目的;2.难度、份量是否适当;3.是否与生产、科研、社会等实际相结合。能力1.是否有查阅文献、综合归纳资料的能力;2.是否有综合运用知识的能力;3.是否具备研究方案的设计能力、研究方法和手段的运用能力;4.是否具备一定的外文与计算机应用能力;5.工科是否有经济分析能力。论文(设计)质量1.立论是否正确,论述是否充分,结构是否严谨合理;实验是否正确,设计、计算、分析处理是否科学;技术用语是否准确,符号是否统一,图表图纸是否完备、整洁、正确,引文是否规范;2.文字是否通顺,有无观点提炼,综合概括能力如何;3.有无理论价值或实际应用价值,有无创新之处。综合评 价XXXXXXX同学在毕业设计期间,能努力学习,刻苦钻研,作风踏实,行动积极,面对难题敢于钻研。能认真完成毕业设计任务,论文撰写基本流畅、工作量较饱满、论文格式符合规范,图标较清楚,鉴于其本科毕业设计已达到学士学位论文的要求。 同意其进行毕业论文答辩。 评阅人: 2012年5月 日XXXXXXXXXX(设计)鉴定意见 学号:XXXXXXX 姓名: XXXXXXX 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 毕业论文(设计说明书) 32 页 图 表 7 张论文(设计)题目:全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计直动式液流阀的设计 内容提要: 目前国内外的装载机广泛采用液压技术,可使整个装载机的技术经济指标得到提高。装载机主要用于装卸运作业。本设计的主要内容包括:工作装置液压系统、转向机构液压系统和行走机构液压系统的设计计算;标准液压元件的选择计算;液压系统的验算;非标件直动式溢流阀和动臂液压缸的设计计算。行走机构采用脚踏式操纵,先导控制的液控调速方式,使调速换向更为方便;工作装置采用先导控制,使系统操作更加简便;转向机构采用方向盘转向,运用人机学,使驾驶室的布置更为合理,便于操纵。整个系统安全可靠、结构紧凑和维修方便。 指导教师评语XXXXXXX同学在毕业设计期间,态度积极端正,认真查阅了一系列文献资料,做了比较充分的准备工作,在此期间完成了方案的初步设计,方案被认定可行。在此基础上,该同学通过对方案的分析,完成了全液压轮式装载机液压系统的设计,以及液压元件直动式液流阀的设计,并完成了相关的特性分析。利用 CAD软件画出了液压系统的结构图和装配图以及部分零件图。完成了说明书的书写以及相关外文文献的翻译。在设计过程中,XXXXXXX同学认真努力,论文立意正确,论述比较清楚,符合设计要求。同意该同学参加答辩。指导教师: 年 月 日答辩简要情况及评语 答辩小组组长: 年 月 日答辩委员会意见答辩委员会主任: 年 月 日 Hydraulic systemChapter 1 IntroductionHydraulic Pump Station also known as the stations are independent h- ydraulic device. It requested by the oil gradually. And controlling the hydraulic oil flow direction, pressure and flow rate, applied to the mainframe and hy- draulic devices separability of hydraulic machinery. Users will be provided after the purchase hydraulic station and host of implementing agencies (motor oil or fuel tanks) connected with tubing, Hydraulic machinery can be realized from these movements and the work cycle.Hydraulic pump station is installed, Manifold or valve combination, t- anks, a combination of electrical boxes.Functional components : Pump device - is equipped with motors and pumps, hydraulic station is the source of power. to mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure can be. Manifold - from hydraulic valve body and channel assembled. Right direction for implementation of hydraulic oil, pressure and flow control. Valve portfolio - plate valve is installed in up board after board conn-ects with the same functional IC. Tank - plate welding semi-closed containers, also loaded with oil filtering network, air filters, used oil, oil filters and cooling. Electrical boxes - at the two patterns. A set of external fuse terminal plate; distribution of a full range of electrical control. Hydraulic Station principle : motor driven pump rotation, which pump oil absorption from the oil tank. to mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to the station, hydraulic oil through Manifold (or valve combinations) realized the direction, pressure, After adjusting flow pipe and external to the cylinder hydraulic machinery or motor oil, so as to control the direction of the motive fluid transformation force the size and speed the pace of promoting the various acting hydraulic machinery. 1.1 A development course China Hydraulic (including hydraulic, the same below), pneumatic and seals industrial development process can be broadly divided into three phases, namely : 20 early 1950s to the early 1960s, the initial stage; 60s and 70 for specialized production system ;8090s growth stage for the rapid development stage. Which, hydraulic industry in the early 1950s from the machine tool industry production of fake Su-grinder, broaching machine, copying lathe, and other hydraulic drive started, Hydraulic Components from the plant hydraulic machine shop, self-occupied. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology from the machine gradually extended to the agricultural machinery and mechanical engineering fields, attached to the original velocity of hydraulic shop some stand out as pieces of hydraulic professional production. To the late 1960s, early 1970s, with the development of mechanized production, especially in the second automobile factory in providing efficient, automated equipment, along with the Hydraulic Components manufacturing has experienced rapid development of the situation, a group of SMEs have become professional hydraulic parts factory. 1968 Chinas annual output of hydraulic components have nearly 200,000 in 1973, machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries, the production of hydraulic parts factory has been the professional development of more than 100 and an annual output more than one million. an independent hydraulic manufacturing industry has begun to take shape. Then, hydraulic pieces of fake products from the Soviet Union for the introduction of the product development and technical design combining the products to the pressure, Hypertension, and the development of the electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems, hydraulic application areas further expanded. Aerodynamic than the start of the industrial hydraulic years later, in 1967 began to establish professional pneumatic components factory, Pneumatic Components only as commodity production and sales. Sealed with rubber and plastics, mechanical seals and sealing flexible graphite sealing industry, the early 1950s from the production ordinary O-rings. rubber and plastics extrusion, such as oil seal sealing and seal asbestos products start to the early 1960s, begun production of mechanical seals and flexible graphite sealing products. 1970s, the burning of the former Ministry, a Ministry, the Ministry of Agricultural Mechanization System, a group of professional production plants have been established, and the official establishment of industries to seal industrial development has laid the foundation for growth.Since the 1980s, in the countrys reform and opening up policy guidelines, with the development of the machinery industry, based mainframe pieces behind the conflicts have become increasingly prominent and attracted the attention of the relevant departments. To this end, the Ministry of the original one in 1982, formed the basis of common pieces of Industry, will be scattered in the original machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries centralized hydraulic, pneumatic and seals specialized factories, placing them under common management infrastructure pieces Bureau, so that the industry in the planning, investment, technology and scientific research and development in areas such as infrastructure pieces Bureau of guidance and support. Since then entered a phase of rapid development, has introduced more than 60 items of advanced technology from abroad, including more than 40 items of hydraulic, pneumatic 7. After digestion and absorption and transformation, now have mass production, and industry-leading products. In recent years, the industry increased the technological transformation efforts, in 1991, Local enterprises and the self-financing total input of about 20 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion yuan Hydraulic. Through technological transformation and technology research, and a number of major enterprises to further improve the level of technology, technique and equipment to be greatly improved. In order to form a higher starting point, specialization, and run production has laid a good foundation. In recent years, many countries in the development of common ownership guidelines, under different ownership SMEs rapid rise showing great vitality. With the further opening up, three-funded enterprises rapid development of industry standards for improving and expanding exports play an important role. Today, China has and the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries famous manufacturers joint ventures or wholly-owned by foreign manufacturers to establish a piston pump / motor, planetary reduction gears, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic Casting. pneumatic control valve, cylinder, gas processing triple pieces, mechanical seals, rubber and seal products more than 50 production enterprises, attracting foreign investment over 200 million U.S. dollars. 1.2 the current situation 1.21Basic Profiles After 40 years of efforts, China hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has formed a relatively complete categories. a certain level of technical capacity and the industrial system. According to the 1995 Third National Industrial Census statistics, hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and industrial 370,000 annual sales income of 100 million yuan in state-owned, village-run, private and cooperative enterprises, individual, three capital enterprises with a total of more than 1,300, of which about 700 hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and the approximately 300 thousand. By 1996 with the international trade statistics, the total output value of Chinas industry hydraulic 2.348 billion yuan, accounting for the worlds 6; Pneumatic industry output 419 million yuan, accounting for world No. 10. 1.22 the current supply and demand profiles Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technological innovation, and high-pressure piston pump, gear pumps, vane pump, General Motors hydraulic valves, tanks, Non-lubricated aerodynamic pieces and various seals of the first large technology products has increased noticeably. stability of the mass production may, for various mainframe products provide a level of assurance. In addition, hydraulic and pneumatic components of the CAD system, pollution control, proportional servo technology has scored some achievements, and is already in production. Currently, hydraulic, pneumatic and seals products total about 3,000 species, more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are 1,200 hydraulic varieties, more than 10,000 specifications (including hydraulic products 60 varieties 500 specifications); Pneumatic are 1,350 varieties, more than 8,000 specifications; Rubber seal 350 species more than 5,000 specifications have been basically cater to the different types of mainframe products to the general needs, complete sets of equipment for major varieties of matching rate was over 60%, and started a small amount of exports. 1998 pieces of homemade hydraulic output 4.8 million. sales of about 28 billion (of which about 70% mechanical systems); aerodynamic pieces yield 3.6 million. sales of about 5.5 billion (of which about 60% of mechanical systems); Seals output of about 800 million. sales of about 10 billion (of which about 50% mechanical systems). According to the China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association 1998 annual report, hydraulic product sales rate of 97. 5% (101% for hydraulic), pneumatic 95.9%, 98.7% sealed. This fully reflects the basic marketing convergence.My hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has attained a great deal of progress, but with mainframe development needs, and the worlds advanced level, there are still many gaps, mainly reflected in the product variety, performance and reliability, and so on. Hydraulic products as an example, products abroad only one-third, life for half abroad. In order to meet key mainframe, and mainframe imports of major technology and equipment needs, every year a large number of hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products imports. According to customs statistics and the analysis of data, in 1998 hydraulic, pneumatic and seals in the import about 200 million U.S. dollars, Hydraulic which about 1.4 billion dollars, aerodynamic nearly 030 million U.S. dollars, sealed about 030 million U.S. dollars. compared with a slight decline in 1997. By sums, currently imported products on the domestic market share of about 30%. 1998 pieces of the domestic market demand for hydraulic total of about six million, the total sales of nearly 40 billion; aerodynamic pieces of the total demand of about 5 million, with sales more than 700 million yuan; Seals total demand of about 1.1 billion. total sales of about 1.3 billion. 1.3 the development trend of the future 1.31 affect the development of the main factors (1) product development ability, and the level of technological development and speed can not completely meet the advanced mainframe products, major equipment and technology imported equipment and maintenance support; (2) the number of enterprises manufacturing technology, the level of equipment and management standards are comparatively backward, coupled with a strong sense of quality, resulting in low levels of product performance, quality, Reliability poor services in a timely manner, lack of user satisfaction and trust of the brand-name products;(3) industry specialization of production low, scattered strength, low repeat serious, between regions and enterprises of convergence products, blindly compete with each other, driving down prices, the decline of enterprise returns, lack of funds, liquidity difficulties, product development and technological transformation is inadequate and seriously restricted the industry to improve the overall level of competition and the increase of strength; (4) The internationalization of the domestic market and the increasing degree of foreign companies have entered the Chinese market and participate in competition with the domestic private and cooperative enterprises, individuals, foreign-funded enterprises, such as the rise of state-owned enterprises due to the growing impact. 1.32 the development trend As the socialist market economy continues to deepen, hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products in the market supply and demand and there is a greater change, long ago to a shortage of the sellers market has basically become a structural surplus of the characteristics of the buyers market place . Overall capacity, is already in oversupply situation, in particular the general low level of hydraulic, pneumatic and seals, the general oversupply; and the host of urgent high-tech high-parameter, high value-added high-end products, and they do not satisfy the market needs, only dependent on imports. China joins the WTO, its impact may be even greater. Therefore, the 15 during the growth of the output value of industry, must not depend on volume growth and the industry should address the structural problems of their own, increase the intensity of the adjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, is, we should rely on the improvement of quality, and promote technical upgrading of products to meet market demand and stimulating, seek greater development.2 The application of hydraulic power sliding stage2.1 Power sliding Taiwan introducedThis paper deals with the investigation for slide units impact and motion stability in modular machine tool fay means of the method of power bond graph and state space analysis. The dynamic mathematical model of self-adjusting back pressure speed control system used to drive slide unit is established. Main reasons and affecting factors for slide unit impact and motion unstability are analysed through computer digital simulation, It is concluded from those that, if the structural dimensions of hydraulic cylinder and back pressure valve are designed rationally, the slide units dynamics will markedly be improved.NOMENCLATURESfflow sourceSeisliding friction force in slide unitRequivalent viscous friction coefficient in slide unitIimass of slide unit and cylinderhmass of SABP valve spoolCi,C2hydraulic capacitances of rod chamber and non-rod chamber in cylinder re-spec-tivelyC3spring compliance of SABP valveRrR2hydraulic resistances of damping holesR9hydraulic resistance of orifice of SABP valveSe2presetting force of spring in SABP valveI4J5equivalent liquid inertia in pipe linesCCgequivalent hydraulic capacitances in pipe lines equivalent hydraulic resistances in pipe linesV-j Voil-containing volumes in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectivelyP,r:, P-ioil pressures in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectivelyFload acted on slide unitVslide unit velocity* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Ur.iversity of Technology, Dalian. China.2.2 IntroductionDuring operation of modular machine tool, the changes of slid units speed and load acted on it in both magnitude and direction will affect working performar.ee to a different extent Particularly the impact caused by sudden vanishing of load and the motion unstability due to periodical change of load in operation will affect the surface quality of the workpiece machined, and the tool would be broken off under serious conditions, By using the method of power bond graph and state space analysis, the dynamic mathematical model of the system used to drive slide unit is established, that is called as self-adjusting back pressure speed control system and abbreviated to SABP system. In order to improve slide units dynamics, it is necessary to find out the main reasons and affecting factors, that must be based on computer digital simulation and study on the results.2.3 Dynamic Mathematica ModeldThe schematic diagram of SABP system is shown in Fig.l, the system is used to perform the cycle of feeding, stopping and returning. Four way control valve works in the right position during slide units feeding. The supply pressure of the pump is approximately constant under the action of pressure relief valve, the oil through the control valve and pressure compensated flow control valve enters the non-rod chamber to put slide unit forward. At the same time, the oil from the rod chamber is discharged through SABP valve and directional control valve to tank. In this process, the state of two check valves and pressure relief valve is not changed, To establish the mathematical model as reasonably and simply as possible, consideration must be focused on main affecting factors for a complex non-linear system such as the SABP system. It is illustrated by theoretical analysis and test result , that the transient time of the system is much longer than that of the flow control valve, and the flowrate overshoot of the valve in transients affects very small to slide unit speed because of the ;large effective sectional area of non-rod chamber in cylinder. For investigating the systems dynamics widely and deeply, the initial modeltn is further simplified in this paper, and so the study can be efficiently made with microcomputer. It is assumed that the flowrate through the flow control valve isconstant in the whole transient process, and is denoted to a flow source.Fig.2 shows the structure diagram of the dynamic model of the system, it is composed of cylinder, slide unit, SABP valve and pipe line; etc.By using the method of power bond graph and state space analysis in this paper, the dynamic mathematical model of the system is to be established- The power bond graph is a power flow diagram, which expresses abstractly the actions among sub-systems as three effects, i.e. resistance effect, capacitive effect and inertia effect, according to the way of energy transform, on the basis of practical structure and by means of method of lumped parameters. The model is characterized by a clear conception in physics, and non-linear system can be accurately analysed in combination with method of state space analysis, thus it is a effective method used in the dynamic investigation of complex non-linear system in thetimedomain.From main performances of components in SAEP system, the power bond graph of the system has been formed by means of the rule of model establishing and is shown in Fig.3. Half arrow in each bond indicates a direction of power How, two variahles of power are effort variable and flow variable. O-junction illustrates algebraic summation of flow variables at common effort, i.e. parallel connection, 1-junction does algebraic summation of effort variables at common flow, i.e. series connection. The symbol TF represents power transformer between two types of energy, and transforming modulus between efforts or flows is noted below the symbol TF. Short transverse bar across one end of each bond shows causality between two variables. A full arrow expresses a control action. Among three actions, there is an integration or differential form in capacitive effect and inertia effect between two variables. So state equation may be derived from Fig.3, there are nine state variables in this complex nonlinear equation. Studying on the slide units dynamics is started with impact and motion stability. The equation is simulated by using the method of 4th order Runge-Kutta integration procedure on IBM-PC computer. Fig.4 and Fig.5 illustrate the results respectively.Slide units impact phenominon results from loads vanishing in the transients, for example, the situation of drilling through workpiece, Fig.4 expounds the variations of the load and speed of slide unit, the pressures of chambers in cylinder. When slide unit motions evenly under the action of load, the oil pressure in non-rod chamber is very high, and there is a lot of hydraulic energy accumulated in side. The pressure decreases at once with loads discharging rapidly
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