双螺杆压缩机的设计【包含CAD图纸】
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Screw compressor rotor machining tool wear the geometric calculation method Abstract: screw compressor rotor milling and processing a grinding two methods, usually conducted in two phases processing; first stage is rough, when the workpiece to be processed about its size to the second stage of Finished, when the rotor be processed into its final size when completed. Materials or cutting cushion in the finishing was removed, it is by milling, grinding and cutting tools determined by the design. Taking into account the screw compressor rotor is a spiral shape, in the process of cutting, cutting tool on every point of contact with the rotor of the horizontal length is not the same, therefore, finished at the rate of wear and tear tool of its type along the line is Inconsistent. Envelop the meshing theory be used here in terms of the process of cutting tool on every point and the relative motion between the rotor. To a certain scale, in this relative movement of assumptions, calculated on every point of the tool wear rate. By calculating the results and experimental tool that the rate of wear and tear, we can see that both the conclusions are the same. On this basis, can know how to create a rough time so that semi-processed materials while the thinning tool and thereby facilitate the finishing tool at the same rate of wear and tear. A similar technology is being applied to many of the machines during processing, and forming a variety of knives were also used for these technical. Keyword: screw compressors; spiral rotor; manufacturing tool1. Description: Screw compressor is a displacement of the rotary volume machines, it mainly by the meshing of a spiral rotor component, in the case, do rotor rotary movement, with its volume of the rotor spinning change. Todays main rotor was a screw-type, used for milling or grinding. In either form of processing by the rotor, rotor can be used to define the coordinates of their geometric characteristics, as shown in Figure 1. To run a good screw compressor rotor must mesh properly, and in the contact line in the rotor to retain a certain seal. This requires suitable for processing such knives, and must be a reasonable process of engagement worked out. Gear envelope of processing methods, if in a particular relative movement of a surface on another envelope, on this surface is meshing the two. Equation (1) the definition of a given surface, the second surface by equation (2) and the equation (3) is given. Rotor in x, y coordinates the work surface for the change function x (t) and y (t). Through the x (t) and y (t) can be defined the type of rotor, Figure 2 is a typical example. Equation (4) is a familiar mating surface. Rotor coordinate their knives and coordinates the derivation can be equation (5). Equation (5) in C on behalf of the rotor shaft centerline the distance between the rotor and tool is the angle between the shaft. h t mean, respectively, and the rotor and tool the surface. These surface of the envelope equation by equation (6) in the rotation angle to function in the form of that out.Because the surface is generated by the t to define the parameters, the envelope can be used to calculate the other parameters, it is the back corner of the rotor, is generated mesh surface as a factor. Envelope equation in the cross-section of the generation that is part of the plane, but two general points on the relative speed rotary tool is the point of view. Rotor of the lead by each rotor rotary angle to determine;r (t, )=xcos-ysin,xsin+ycos,p(1)NamingC Rotor Tool center distance Rotor rotary angleP Rotor each arc-lead Rotor-point line tan=R Tool-line coordinate Pressure angletan=r Vector coordinates Rot Shaft angles Measuring Tool Wea Tool perspectivet Rotor parameters x x Coordinate h Rotor spiralt y Coordinate hn Surface preparation of the rotorz z Coordinate n Rotor cross-section preparation Ms Liu area t Tool Figure 1 Rotor Tool and the coordinates (3)P(t, ,)= =(4) (5) (6) (7)Equation (7) in the equation (6) on the basis of the conditions of engagement, into the specific data can be obtained results. To set a parameter t, cross-section of the rotor coordinate x (t) and y (t) and their derivative known Rafah. Through the equation (1) and (2) and the parameters of the valve can be calculated. (8) Meshing conditions show that the spiral in the formation surface, the screw rotor precise tool of a broader and very convenient to use. With related gear envelope production of linear cutter involute line in the example of many in the relevant materials, such as Litin and Fuentes. But Andreev 2 and xing 3 in their recent book by using screw Compressor specific forms of processing tool to screw compressor theory. Stosic 4 propose a suitable rotation of the screw rotor imbalance and do not intersect axis production methods. And Stosic Etal. 5 not only describes the intersection axis method. Equation (10) gives a reverse tool of the special form of the rotor. It can be used to calculate the impact of screw rotor manufacturing processing equipment deficiencies. Tool is given the coordinates, the rotor-line through the coordinates of the points equation (4) the inverse operation can be calculated. Algorithms are as follows; (9) Angle from the next-calculated parameters: (10)Shizi over by equation (!) The inverse operation can be calculated rotor horizontal coordinates x and y. are as follows: (11)Here Once the results worked out along the distribution of the dispersion of meshing tool can be used to calculate the rotor and the coordinates. The same can be identified contact line and the rotor, rotor and contacts between the tool path. Screw compressor line is sealed by a series of points near the rotor component, usually in the gap between the rotor, a similar, knives and the contact line between the workpiece can be regarded as a rotor of the contact line, redundant Preparation should be removed when the rotor machining. If these remaining tool processing of raw materials have not been out, that gap is often overlooked. In this case, presented by the more than expected, with results to calculate the gap tool wear. 2. Ms Liu calculated given the coordinates distribution 2.1 more than expected given the coordinates of the rotorIf the rotor from the processing of raw materials out of a given thickness of the rotor to the vertical surface of a normal position, rough when the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinates and finishing at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinate the different representatives in the process of cutting the rotor and Tool of relative movement. When the rotor in the calculation of rough circumferential, and the equation (6), a related derivative of the r to determine the normal direction of the rotor. Rotor plane method used to calculate the coordinates. It does not include the rotor cross-section coordinates of the remaining preparation of raw materials, is more than the thickness of material calculated as follows: (12)Here diameter D calculated from the next (13)Preparation of the horizontal coordinates of the rotor can equation (11) worked out at the point of cutting tools for rough coordinates, finishing tool when the coordinates from the original rotor x and y coordinates to calculate. Rough at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinates and finishing at the rotor plane of the corresponding coordinate the different representatives in the process of cutting tool and the rotor relative movement. When the rotor in the calculation of rough cross-section coordinates, finishing at the cross-section coordinates x, y,. Can get the same conclusion. The conclusions from the rough, can also coordinate the rotor cutter knives and finishing at the coordinates of that.2.2 tool wearThe start given the tools, wear parts and tool and the relative motion between the relevant rate. Rough and finishing tool when the coordinates can illustrate this point. Or through the rough when the rotor and finishing at the rotor plane or cross-section of the difference can be seen. The following example is through the rotor in the rough when the cross-section coordinates and finishing of the cross-section. (14) From the equation (14) can be calculated tool wear, the cutter knives from excessive wear and tear can see the coordinates. The sooner that coordinates changes also wear faster rate. This theory was later used to wear by Cutter calculated by the rotor of the processing line. To wear a specific method is feasible in proportion to gradually enlarge it, stack it to the rotor or tool-line, the right-line position on a reasonable estimate wear.3. Examples of applications3. Examples of industrial application of the rotor is a 5-6 tooth meshing of the yin and yang of mutual rotor, plans were set out two of their engagement, map conversion of the diameter of 144 mm, the rotor helix angle, the rotor center distance To 108 mm.3.1 Cutting tool wear uniformFigure 2 is given by the rotor meshing situation tells us that screw compressor rotor and its engagement in the forming tool is neither parallel nor intersection of the axis. Equation (7) the solution can be calculated Rotor Tool meshing requirements. When the rotor is finishing cross-section point coordinates x, y and, on the rotor of the spiral can coordinate equation (1) obtained. Use the same method of calculation of rotor rough coordinates can be obtained at the thickness of material for more than 50. The meshing of the yin and yang rotor knives, their rotor knives from the Centre for 180 mm and 200 mm. Roughing and finishing tool is the same. Rotor and tool for the axis angle.Uniform caused by the cutting tool wear, the preparation was in order gradually increased 50 times, it superimposed on the coordinates of the tool, charts, three representatives of the curve in the coordinates, the cutter knives on the wear and tear from every point leads to the To a certain length of the line said. Tool of wear and tear of the tool along the line is inconsistent. In the rotor-point line all the perspective. Pressure angle is the same. Under such circumstances, the tool is the smallest of wear and tear, no other case of wear and tear than it big.3.2 more than expected use of cutting tool to reduce the distribution of the wear and tearUneven thickness over a certain amount of material was processed out, is what we expect. Because of uneven thickness of the material would cause more than cutter-type knives along the line the direction of wear. If Ms Liu is deemed to be a uniform distribution of more than expected, so the cycle of wear and tear caused can be a tool wear the uniform. Tool wear the uniform from the economic terms, should be the best option. Because it allows tool in the renovation period, or when to use sharp in the longest time. The new rotor coordinates and the old rotor coordinates x, y in comparison to be reflected in Figure 4. Rotor coordinates of a special online every point from a certain length of the line that coordinates the rotor case-by - Step increases 50 times, wear a result, not all the same.3.3 experimental verificationCalculated by the type of tool wear and get the actual measurement tool wear-line, on the basis of this production of the 150 twin-screw compressors. Figure 5 is rotor meshing of the yin and yang situation. Theory did not wear a given line of the tolerance zone for the 6, it said that a certain degree of wear and tear. Figure in the actual measurement tool wear-line marked by fine line, calculated type of tool wear line marked by rough line. Taken in line with the statement result of this calculation is correct. Figure 4 Figure 54. ConclusionTool wear often occur in the screw compressor rotor machining process. Logically speaking in the hope that the uneven thickness of material from the rotor in the process of being processed out, otherwise it will cause along the tool-wear line thickness inconsistent. If a certain size tool to reverse the processing of surplus materials, will be in uniform thickness of the material, processing tool in the course of a certain rate cutting will produce a uniform tool wear. Gear envelope theory was as a meshing requirements, horizontal helical gears used this to calculate the distribution of preparation, it will cause the finishing tool wear. 中文摘要双螺杆压缩机的设计【摘要】双螺杆压缩机是一种比较新颖的压缩机,因其可靠性高、操作维修方便、动力平衡性好、适应性强等优点,而广泛地应用于矿山、化工、动力、冶金、建筑、机械、制冷等工业部门。双螺杆压缩机已经超过所有工业压缩机的50 ,其市场份额超过80 ,今后其市场份额还将继续扩大。可见,研究双螺杆压缩机具有十分重要的意义。本课题主要是设计通用的喷油双螺杆空气压缩机,采用单边不对称摆线-销齿圆弧型型线,阴、阳转子齿数比为6:4。设计新型转子型线,目的是使接触线长度、泄漏三角形面积和封闭余隙容积3者达到最优化设计,以进一步提高双螺杆压缩机的机械性能。重点研究的是双螺杆压缩机的转子型线设计、几何特性、受力分析、热力学计算。【关键词】双螺杆压缩机 转子型线 啮合线 齿间容积The design of twin screw compressor Abstract The twin-screw compressor is a kind of newly emerging compressor. Because of its high reliability, easy repair, good balance and good adaptability etc, and widely applied to such industrial departments as mine, chemical industry, power, metallurgy, architecture, machinery, refrigeration, etc. By designing the project, the volumetric efficiency is 70%, the compressed temperature is more 80。It is very important to design and research a twin-screw compressor in industrial. The project is to design a universal twin-screw air compressor, and to adopt single side asymmetric swept line unilaterally and dowel tooth circular rotor profile. There are six lobes on the female rotor and four lobes on the male rotor. The aim of designing a new rotor profile is to optimize the contact line length, blowhole area and clearance volume. That can improve the mechanical performance of a twin-screw compressor further. The project is mainly to research a twin-screw compressor rotor profile, geometry characteristic, mechanics analysis, thermodynamics calculation Keywords A twin-screw compressor, rotor profile, mesh curve, tooth space volume.目 录毕业设计(论文)任务书.开题报告.指导教师审查意见.评阅教师评语.答辩会议记录.中文摘要.外文摘要.前言. .11选题背景. .31.1研究双螺杆压缩机的目的和意义31.2双螺杆压缩机的特点和应用前景31.3国内外双螺杆压缩机研究的进展51.4双螺杆压缩机基本结构和工作原理62双螺杆压缩机的转子型线设计. .92.1转子型线设计原则92.2型线方程和啮合线方程102.3单边不对称摆线-销齿圆弧型线 103双螺杆压缩机螺杆尺寸的确定. 234几何特性. 234.1齿间面积和面积利用系数234.2齿间容积及其变化过程244.3扭角系数及内容积比275双螺杆压缩机的热力学计算. 285.1内压力比285.2容积流量及容积效率285.3轴功率295.4电动机功率315.5电功率316双螺杆压缩机的结构设计317双螺杆压缩机的力学计算317.1径向力的计算327.2轴承支反力的计算347.3轴向力的计算348双螺杆压缩机的吸、排气孔口设计358.1吸气孔口368.2排气孔口379主要零部件设计和选材. .3810双螺杆压缩机压力脉动计算39结束语. 43参考文献. . .44附录. . . 螺杆压缩机转子加工中刀具磨损的几何计算方法摘要:螺杆压缩机转子加工有磨削和铣削两种方法,通常分两个阶段进行加工;第一阶段为 粗加工,当工件被加工到它的大概尺寸即可;第二阶段为精加工,当转子被加工成它的最终尺寸时完成。材料或切削余量在精加工中被除掉,它是由磨削和铣削加工时切削刀具的设计所决定的。考虑到螺杆压缩机的转子是螺旋形状,在切削过程中,刀具上的每一点与转子的横向接触线长度是不一样的,因此,精加工时刀具的磨损速率沿着它的型线也是不一致的。包络线的啮合理论被用于这里来计算在切削加工过程中刀具上的每一点和转子之间的相对运动。以一定的比例尺,在此相对运动的假设下,计算出刀具上每一点的磨损速率。通过计算结果和实验得出的刀具的磨损速率的比较,可以看出两者的结论是一致的。在这个基础上,可以知道怎样去制造一种粗加工时使半加工余料变薄的刀具,从而促使精加工时刀具的磨损速率一致。一种相似的技术正被应用于许多机器的加工过程中,而多种成型刀具也是被用于这些技术上。关键字:螺杆压缩机;螺旋转子;制造刀具1介绍: 螺杆压缩机属于正排气量的回转式容积机器,它主要由一对啮合的螺旋转子组成,转子在机壳内做回转运动,它的容积随着转子的旋转而发生变化。今天的螺杆转子主要被造成盘型,来用于铣削或者磨削加工。无论是哪种形式加工出来的转子,可以用转子的坐标系来定义它们的几何特性,如图1所示。 要使螺杆压缩机运行良好,转子必须啮合得恰当,且在整个转子接触线中要保留一定的密封。这就要求有适合这种加工的刀具,且必须由合理的啮合过程计算出来。齿轮包络线的加工方法,如果在一个特定的相对运动中一个表面包络另一个表面,说明这两个表面是啮合的。方程(1)定义了给定的表面,第二个表面由方程(2)和方程(3)给出。转子在x,y工作表面的坐标变化函数为x(t)和y(t)。通过x(t)和y(t)就可以定义转子的型线,图2就是一个典型的例子。方程(4)给出了一个熟悉的啮合表面。它们对转子 坐标和刀具 坐标的求导就可以得到方程(5).方程(5)中的C代表转子轴中心线之间的距离, 是转子和刀具轴之间的角度。h和t分别指转子和刀具的表面。这些表面的包络线方程由方程(6)中的回转角度以函数的形式表示出来。因为生成的表面是由参数t来定义的,包络线的情况可以用来计算另一个参数 ,它是转子的回转角,是生成啮合表面的一个因素。包络线方程中的横截面的生成说明线是属于该平面的,而 是两表面一般点的相对速度, 是刀具回转角度。转子的的导程 由每个转子的回转角度来确定;r (t, )=xcos-ysin,xsin+ycos,p(1)(2)命名C 转子刀具中心距 转子回转角度P 转子每弧度导程 转子型线角度 tan=R 刀具型线坐标 压力角 tan=r 转子矢量坐标 轴角度 s 刀具磨损测量 刀具角度t 转子参数 x x 坐标 h 螺旋状转子t y坐标 hn 转子法面备料z z 坐标 n 转子横截面备料 余料面积 t 刀具图1 转子和刀具的坐标系 (3)P(t, ,)= =(4) (5) (6) (7)方程(7)在方程(6)的基础上得到了啮合条件,代入具体的数据就可以求出结果。给定一个参数t,转子横截面的点坐标x(t)和y(t)和它们的导数 就知道拉。通过方程(1)和(2)和阀门的参数 可以计算出.图2 双螺杆压缩机转子改进的阀门参数可以通过方程(7)算出。这个过程一直重复进行直到两个连续阀门之间的差异变得足够小为止。刀具横截面的点坐标可以通过方程(4)算出。 (8)啮合条件表明,在生成螺旋表面时,精确的螺杆转子刀具应用较广泛且使用很方便。有关用齿轮包络线方法生产直线刀具渐开线的例子在很多教材中有相关的介绍,例如Litin和Fuentes.然而Andreev2和xing3最近在他们的书中提出了用螺杆压缩机特定形式的刀具来加工螺杆压缩机的理论。Stosic4提出了一种合适的有关螺杆旋转转子不平衡和不相交轴的生产方法。而Stosic Etal.5只描述了不相交轴的方法。方程(10)给出了一种逆向刀具转子的特殊形式。它可以用来计算影响螺杆转子制造加工设备的不足之处。给出刀具的坐标 ,转子型线的点坐标 通过方程(4)的逆运算可以算出。算法如下;(9)角度参数由下式算出:(10)以上式子通过方程(!)的逆运算可以计算出转子横向坐标x和y. 如下: (11) 这里 结果一旦计算出来, 沿着分布图的分散性可以用来计算啮合刀具和转子的坐标系。同样可以确定接触线和转子,转子和刀具之间的接触路径。螺杆压缩机的密封线是由转子附近一系列的点组成的,通常在转子之间存在间隙,类似的,刀具和工件之间的接触线可以被当作是转子的接触线,多余的备料应从转子加工时除去。如果这些剩余原材料没有被刀具加工掉,通常被认为是间隙忽略。在这种情况下,通过给出的余料,用间隙结果来计算出刀具的磨损量。2计算给定余料的坐标分布2.1 给定余料的转子坐标 如果把从转子加工掉的原材料厚度 给定到转子竖直表面的一个正常位置,粗加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 和精加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 的不同代表在切削加工过程中转子和刀具的相对运动。在计算粗加工时转子横截面上,与方程(6)第一个有关的的r的导数,确定了转子的法线方向。用来计算转子法平面的坐标。它包括转子横截面没有剩余备料的原材料坐标,给出的余料厚度 计算如下: (12) 这里直径D由下式算出 (13)备料转子的横向坐标 可以通过方程(11)计算出来,角度 为粗加工时刀具的坐标,精加工时刀具的坐标由原始的转子坐标x和y来计算。粗加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 和精加工时转子法平面对应的坐标 的不同代表在切削加工过程中转子和刀具的相对运动。在计算粗加工时转子横截面坐标 ,精加工时横截面坐标x,y时。可以得到同样的结论。该结论也可以从粗加工时转子刀具坐标 和精加工时刀具的坐标 得出。2.2 刀具磨损对于开始给定的刀具,磨损程度与工件和刀具之间的相对运动速率有关。粗加工和精加工时刀具的坐标可以说明这点。或者通过粗加工时转子和精加工时转子法平面或横截面的差异可以看出。以下例子是通过转子在粗加工时横截面坐标 和精加工时的横截面坐标x,y的来计算横截面的。 (14)从方程(14)可以算出刀具的磨损量,刀具的过度磨损可以从刀具的坐标看出。坐标变化越快说明磨损速率也越快。后来用这个理论来计算由磨损刀具加工出来的转子型线。一种使磨损具体化的可行方法是按比例逐步放大它,把它叠加到转子或刀具型线之上,在正确的型线位置上合理地估算磨损量。3. 实例应用工业转子是具有5到6个齿的相互啮合的阴阳转子,图2已分别列出了它们的啮合情况,图中阴转子的直径为144mm,转子螺旋线角度为,转子中心距为108mm.3.1 均匀切削的刀具磨损由图2给出的转子啮合情况可知,螺杆压缩机转子和它的成型刀具啮合在既不平行也不相交的轴上。方程(7)的解可以算出转子刀具啮合要求。给出精加工时转子横截面点坐标x,y及,转子的螺旋坐标 就可以通过方程(1)求出。用同样的方法计算转子粗加工时的坐标可以求得余料厚度为50。对于啮合的阴阳转子刀具,它们的转子刀具中心距为180mm和200mm.粗加工和精加工刀具也是一样的。转子和刀具的轴线夹角为。由均匀切削引起的刀具磨损,备料被按顺序逐渐增大50次,把它叠加在刀具的坐标中,图表3中的曲线代表了的坐标,因此刀具的磨损由刀具上的每一点引出的一定长度的线来表示。刀具的磨损沿着刀具的型线是不一致的。在转子型线的所有点的角度,。压力角是相等的。在这种情况下,刀具的磨损是最小的,其他任何一种情况的磨损都比它大。3.2 利用余料切削分布图来减少刀具的磨损厚度变化不均匀的一定量的余料被加工掉,是我们所期望的。因为厚度变化不均匀的余料会引起刀具沿着刀具型线的方向磨损。如果余料分布被当作是均匀余料,那么引起的循环磨损可以得到一种均匀的刀具磨损。均匀的刀具磨损从经济上来讲,应该是最佳的选择。因为它允许刀具在整修期间或者在锋利时能够使用最长的时间。这种新的转子坐标和旧转子坐标x,y的比较在图4中得以体现。转子坐标型线上每一个特殊点引起的的一定长度的线说明转子坐标被逐步增大50次时,磨损结果是各不相同的。3.3实验验证通过计算出的刀具磨损型线和实际测量得到的刀具磨损型线的比较,在此基础上生产的150台双螺杆压缩机。图5给出了阴阳转子的啮合情况。理论的未磨损型线给定的公差带为6,它表示了一定程度的磨损。图中实际测量的刀具磨损型线由细实线标出,计算得到的刀具磨损型线由粗实线标出。两者的相符性说明计算结果是正确的。图4图54.结论刀具磨损经常发生在螺杆压缩机转子的加工过程中。从逻辑上来说,是希望厚度变化不均匀的材料从转子加工过程中被加工掉的,否则会引起沿着刀具型线厚度不一致的磨损。如果刀具以一定尺寸逆向加工剩余材料,就会得到厚度变化均匀的材料,加工过程中刀具以一定的速率切削,会产生均匀的刀具磨损。齿轮包络线理论被作为一种啮合要求,横向螺旋齿轮用此来计算备料的分布,它将会引起精加工时的刀具磨损。5.致谢作者希望感谢Lan K Smith 教授给予的鼓励和他提供宝贵的帮助,还有Mr Jack Sauls在测量样板时给予的帮助,感谢Mr Elvedin Mujic 在图表制作时给予的大力支持。6.参考文献1 F.L.Litvin,A.Fuentes,齿轮几何特性的应用理论,第二,剑桥大学学报部,剑桥大学,2004。2 P.A.Andreev,Vintovie kompressornie mashinii(螺杆压缩机)SUDPROM Leninngrad,Russia,1961.3 Z.W.Xing,螺杆压缩机;理论。设计和应用,中国机械报,北京,2000。4 N.Stosic,有关螺杆压缩机螺旋转子齿轮,由IMechE,机械工程报212(1998)587出版。5 N.Stosic,I.K.Smith,A.Kovacevic,螺杆压缩,数学建模,运动计算,Springer,Heidelberg,2005.9共9页 第 页
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