考研英语完型填空

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1、 考研英语完型填空 第一节课程 – 完型填空部分（2小时左右） 完型填空的做题技巧：“做”一半，“猜”一半 - 确保大家完型填空最终的得分率在“4分-8分之间”； 一、如何“猜”- 依靠完型填空选项的分布概率来“猜”：ABCD四个选项基本上是平均分布，即每个选项基本上均有5次充当答案的机会；这样的话完型的20道题，首先就不需要全做，最多只需要做一半的题，即考生把完型的20道题区分成“会做的题”和“不会做的题”，首先把“会做的题”做完，之后研究这些选项的分布规律，找出其中出现几率最小的选项，把这个选项全部填入“不会做的题”中，猜中的几率则最高。 会做的题 不会做的题

2、 比如：会做5道题，研究其答案选项分布，如下：AABBC；等于这部分出现几率最小的选项为D 有15道不会做的题，则全选D； 首先把“会做的题”做完，之后研究这些选项的分布规律，找出其中出现几率最小的选项 这部分则全部填入“在会做的题目部分出现几率最小的选项” 二、如何“做” 完型的文章布局结构是规律的 完型的两大规律 完型的填空类型是规律的 完型的12类填空题 从词性的角度 从题型的角度 1、动词 5、无关词排除法 9、总分结构法 2、形容词 6、同现结构法 10、对应成分分析法 3、副词

3、 7、复现结构法 11、时间、数字线索法 4、名词 8、关联结构法 12、逻辑关系定位法 完型文章的布局和结构规律 – 主线控制全文的文章 ▇ 完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线 整个文章的中心主线包括鲜明的主题（FOUCS），同时文章往往又具有很强的导向性或者作者态度具有倾向性；这个主题以及这种导向性或倾向性其实就构成了完型文章的中心主线，成为从整体上把握完型文章的关键点。中心主线贯穿全文，即整篇文章就是围绕着中心主线展开。 ▇ 完型文章往往采用总分对照结构 从文章结构的角度来看，能够将文章的中心主线非常简洁地表达清晰的结构往往是总分对照的结构。所以，我们通过大

4、量的总结个分析后发现考研英语的完型文章在文章结构上经常采用总分对照的形式，这就为我们迅速从整体上把握一篇完型文章提供了非常便利条件。总分对照结构是由总述部分和分述部分构成，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和祥述，两者之间有着明确的互相支持，互相印证的对照关系。 举例：分析2006年考研英语完型填空文章的布局和结构 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. __1__, homelessness has reached such proportions that local go

5、vernment can' t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. _____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anyw

6、here from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____. One of the federal government's studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __

7、10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. ___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many ho

8、meless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, ____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives _____16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the s

9、ituation will improve only when there are _17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, ___19__it, "There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal." 12．[A]lodging

10、 [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13．[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 举例：分析2003年考研英语完型填空文章的布局和结构 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults expe

11、rience. And they also need to give serious     21   to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and     23   , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.     24   they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, te

12、enagers are especially self-conscious and need the     25   that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are     26   by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be     27   to plan activities in which there a

13、re more winners than losers,     28   , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,     29   student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide     30   opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful     31   dynamics.

14、Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the     32   of some kind of organization with a supportive adult     33   visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activiti

15、es should be organized     35   participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to   36   else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37  . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.     38   they can help students acquire a sense of c

16、ommitment by     39     for roles that are within their     40   and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance 25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance 26. A. claimed B.

17、admired C. ignored D. surpassed 27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise 完型文章的布局结构规律也决定了完型文章往往表现出以下的特点： ▇ 紧扣主题 —（无关词排除法） ▇ 内在一致 —（同现结构） ▇ 前后呼应 — （复现结构） 无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法） 例题：2006年12、13、15题 The homeless make up a growing percentage

18、of America's population. __1__, homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can' t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. _____5_

19、___everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____. One of the federal government's studies _____9__ that the number of

20、the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. ___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number

21、 still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, ____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills n

22、eeded to turn their lives _____16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, ___19__it, "The

23、re has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal." 12．[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13．[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 同现结构法（与主旨导向一致解题法） 说明：同现就是完型文章的上下文中分布的一组

24、具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向要一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。 例题：1995年真题43题 “Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.（41 Neither）kind of sleep is at all well-

25、understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .” (A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful 例题: 1998年完型真题46题 “Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They

26、 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years fr

27、om 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.” 46. A) broadly B) thoroughly C) generally D) completely 例题: 2007年完型真题 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 mil

28、lion __ 1 __ of these nations looked __ 2_(hopefully) _ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of the independence __ 3_ _ the ideals of representative government, careers __ 4_ _ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the __ 5_ _ to priva

29、te property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. __ 6_ _ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __ 7_ _ set of laws. On the issue of __ 8_ _ of religion and position of

30、Church, __ 9_ _, there was less agreement __ 10_ _ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __ 11_ _ by the Spanish crown. __ 12_ _ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __ 13_ _ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the __ 14_ _ of o

31、ther faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __ 15_ _ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had __ 16_ _ in return to abolish slavery in

32、 the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s __ 17_ _ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __ 18_ _ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies __ 19_ _. Egalitarian sentiments were o

33、ften tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __ 20_ _ self-rule and democracy. 20.[A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for 复现结构法 说明：复现是完型文章中词汇的一种呼应衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现（原词复现），也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思（近义词复现）。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空

34、与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇同样意义的就是正确答案。 同现呼应 – 呼应的这些词倾向、导向一致 复现呼应 – 呼应的这些词大体是一个意思 原词复现 两种常见的复现呼应 近义词复现 原词复现例子：2001年完型真题 “The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent case

35、s 31 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial b

36、egins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.” 例题：1995年真题的43题 Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM

37、 sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for

38、the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep . For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet ,47 examination of the dead bodies , the animals look complete

39、ly normal . A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed. 43 (A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful 例题：1995年真题的45题 Sleep is divide

40、d into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new expe

41、riments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep . 45. (A)in the light (B)by virtue (C)with the exception (D)for the purpose 例题：2006年真题第8题 The homeless make up a

42、growing percentage of America's population. __1__, homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can' t possibly ___2____. To help homeless people ___3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, _____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost h

43、ousing. ___5__everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. ___7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is ___8___. One of the federal government's studies _____9__ that the num

44、ber of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. 8. [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 总分结构对照法（出现在总述句中的填空） 说明: 由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空(往往是实词)出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。 例题：2003年真题22

45、题 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are ad

46、justing to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled w

47、ith so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for

48、 leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that th

49、e young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibil

50、ity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance 例题: 2004年完型真题29题 “Changes in the social struct

51、ure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into crimi

52、nal behavior.” 29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect 例题: 2006年完型真题29题 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. __1__, homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can' t possibly ___2___. To help homeless people ___3___ ind

53、ependence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___4___ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. ____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ___6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agr

54、ee on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____. One of the federal government's studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficu

55、lt. ___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant numb

56、er of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17__ programs that address the man

57、y needs of the homeless. ___18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__it, "There has to be __20__of programs. What we need is a package deal. 10. [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 例题: 2007年完型真题 By 1830 the former Spanish and

58、Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million __ 1 __ of these nations looked __ 2_ _ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of the independence __ 3_ _ the ideals of representative government, careers __ 4_ _ to

59、talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the __ 5_ _ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. __ 6_ _ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __ 7_ _ set of laws.

60、 On the issue of __ 8_ _ of religion and position of Church, __ 9_ _, there was less agreement __ 10_ _ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __ 11_ _ by the Spanish crown. __ 12_ _ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __ 13_ _ the official relig

61、ion of the new states, some sought to end the __ 14_ _ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __ 15_ _ for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid f

62、rom Haiti and had __ 16_ _ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s __ 17_ _ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __ 18_ _ because the new nations still needed the rev

63、enue such policies __ 19_ _. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was __ 20_ _ self-rule and democracy. 2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully 对应成分分析法 例题：1996年完型45题 Vitamins are organic compounds n

64、ecessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them,

65、and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in t

66、he body. 48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs. 45. (A) mostly (B) partially (C) sometimes (D) rarely usually + carbon, hydrogen , oxygen , and 45 + nitrogen 频度副词 三种构成维生素的成分 副词 另外一种构成维生素的成分 对应关