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1、Module 8 Unit 2 The Universal Language Word Study1. universal 普遍的， 共同的， 公认的；宇宙的；全体的，全世界的；普遍存在的 universal truth 普遍的真理 / _一门世界通用的语言 Envy is a universal weakness. _ the universe n.宇宙 universally 全体地；到处2. cast （cast, cast）vt. 选派演员扮演角色 be cast in 在-扮演角色 be cast as 担任-的角色 He was cast as a college professo

2、r.= He was cast for the part of a college professor. vt. 投，扔； 投射（视线，光，影等）He _the woman.瞥了一眼 The tree cast its shadow on the window.投射影子 cast doubt on/upon sb/sth 怀疑某人/某事3 condemn vt.谴责 a statement condemning the killings _ 宣判，指责 be condemned to 10 years in prison / a life imprisonment被判十年坐牢 / 被判无期徒刑

3、He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged被判处死刑（=be sentenced to death） 把某人置于困境 condemn sb to sth They_. 他们不得不过着艰难的生活。be condemned to do sth. 被迫接受困境或不愉快的状况He was condemned to spend the rest of the football season on the bench. 宣告使用-不安全 condemn sth as sth The meat was condemned as unfit to

4、 eat. 那种肉被宣布不适合食用。 n. condemnation 4. dare 情态动词（用于否/疑/条）；过去式: dared 也可作为行为动词 （否定句和疑问句中常可省略“to”）He dare not go out at night.= He doesnt dare (to) go out at night.Dare you ask him?= Do you dare (to ) ask him?I dare say 我想，可能，或许 I dare say that he will come.dare sb to do sth 向挑战干 He dared me to jump ov

5、er the small river. daring adj. 勇敢的，大胆的; 冒险的 5. at first sight 咋一看；初看时；第一眼 （first 前无冠词，相似表达：on second thought） It was love at first sight. = We fell in love the first time we saw each other .一见钟情【相关词组】 at the sight of 一看到 catch sight of sth. / sb. 看到某物或某人 in the sight of /in ones sight 从某人的观点看来，在某人看

6、来 lose sight of 看不见 out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦 The end is in sight. 结果已经可以看见了。 Keep out of sight. _。6. unwilling adj. 不情愿，不愿意 be unwilling to do sth They_. 他们不愿在这个项目上投更多钱了。 勉强的，无奈的 an unwilling hero 自己不愿却被抬举的英雄 willing 愿意的，情愿的 Im perfectly willing to discuss the problem. 自愿的，乐于相助的 willing hel

7、pers/volunteers 主动帮助的人、志愿工作者 willingly 乐意地，愿意地 -Will you help me ? -Willingly. 当然可以。7. seize 抓住；捉住；逮捕 / 夺取；攻占；控制 _ 把握机会、时机 He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 他们突袭攻占了机场。 The army has seized control of the country. _8. demand vt. 要求；需求 demand sth. / to do s

8、th. / that 从句（虚拟语气） This sort of work_. 要求极大的耐心 The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on. I demanded that _. 我要求他马上走。n.需要，要求 The demand for fish this year exceeds the supply.对的需求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的要求 in demand 需求大 Good teachers are always in demand. 好教师总是被大量需求的。 on de

9、mand 一经要求 Feed the baby on demand. 宝宝需要就喂食。adj. demanding 费事的， 要仔细对待的；要求高的；苛求的，难满足的demanding work 要求高的工作 ; a demanding boss 苛刻的老板9 scold 训斥，责骂(尤指对儿童) scold sb for sth/doing sth Did you scold her for breaking it? 你有没有因为她违反了这件事而责备她啊？ Peter has not come yet. He_. 他将因为再次迟到而受到经理的斥责。10 merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈

10、悲的，宽大为怀的 They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners. mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕【U】 to ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕 have mercy on/show mercy to sb 对-仁慈 They _their hostages. 他们对人质丝毫不讲任何仁慈。 God have mercy on us. 上帝怜悯我们吧。 幸运，恩惠【C】 Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt. 幸运的是她伤势不重。 【常用词组】 at the mercy of sb

11、/sth 任-处置，对-无能为力，任-摆布 Im not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. 我不想受银行摆布。 We were_. 我们受制于天气。 leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受到虐待 mercifully adv. 11 deadline n. 最后期限，截至日期 meet/miss a deadline 如期/ 超过期限 The deadline for the ceasefire agreement has been set for March 1st. 停

12、火协议的最后期限是三月一日。 We have _May 30th for this project. If you cant_, we shall stop cooperating with you. 我们为这个计划设定的最后期限是5月30日。如果你们不能如期，我们将停止和你们的合作计划。12. unite vt. & vi. 联合，团结；统一 unite sb/sth with sb/sth (使人或事物)合为一体，联合，合并 After three years in prison, he _his wife and family. 他在狱中关了三年后，又与妻子和家人团聚了。 United,

13、 well win; divided, well fail. 团结，我们会赢;分离，我们会失败。 unite in sth/doing sth We should_ /unite to fight poverty and disease. 我们应该团结起来一起消除贫穷和疾病。 united adj. 和睦的；团结的，联合的；（政治上）统一的，同盟的13. root 根茎，根；起源，来源 I pulled the plant up by the roots. 我把这棵树连根拔起。 We have to get to the root of the problem. 我们必须找到问题的根源。 pu

14、t down roots 生根；定居 root and branch 完全彻底 take root 生根；深入人心 v. 生根，寻找 root around/about for sth到处翻查某物 root for sb 为-加油 We_ the Bulls. 我们在为公牛队加油。 root sth out 根除 root sth up 连根拔起 14. tendency n. 倾向，偏好 have a tendency for sb/sth to do sth 偏向某人做某事have a tendency towards/to sth 偏向-I_ when I am nervous. 紧张时

15、，我喜欢讲很多话。She has a strong tendency towards caution. _趋势，趋向 There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff. tend v. tend to do sth 往往，常常会 Women tend to live longer than men. tend towards/ to sth 趋向，走向His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。tend (to) sb/sth 照顾，照料 Doctors and nur

16、ses tended (to) the injured.15. decline v. 衰落；下降；拒绝The patients health is declining rapidly. The number of tourists to the resort_ last year. 去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。They asked me to their party, but_.拒绝邀请n. （数量，价值，质量等的）减少，下降，衰落 a rapid/sharp/gradual decline _An increase in cars has resulted in the decli

17、ne of public transport. 汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。 on the decline 走下坡路/在衰退中 fall/sink into a decline 开始衰落16. trend n.倾向，趋势，潮流 economic / social/ political trend _set / follow a trend 引领/赶时尚 the underlying trend _We have seen _this year.越来越多的暴力电影的趋势You seem to_ 看来你们已经开创了一个新的风气。Todays figures continue the upwar

18、d/ downward trend in the stock market.上升/下降趋势17. seek (sought ; sought) 找寻 seek for sth They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. _寻求，谋求We are currently_ 目前我们正在探索发展新会员的途径。 （向人）请求，寻求 seek sth from sb You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter. 试图，设法 seek to do I have never sought to h

19、ide my views.seek his fortune 外出闯荡，闯世界seek after 寻求；设法得到 He went from city to city , seeking after work.play hide and seek 捉迷藏 seeker 寻找者，寻求者18. break up vi 粉碎，破碎 The ship broke up on the rocks. 结束 The marriage broke up./ was broken up. 松开，解散 The meeting _at 11 oclock. 变得虚弱，垮掉 He was breaking up und

20、er the strain. Vt 拆开，打散 The ship_ for scrap mental. 结束（关系），关闭（公司） They decided to break up the partnership. (尤指用武力)迫使放弃（某事） break up the fight break up with sb 同某人绝交 break with sth 破除，和某事终止关联break 的常用词组 break away from 挣脱，逃脱；脱离，背叛 break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉；情不自禁地哭起来；中止 break sth down 打倒，砸破；破坏，消除（某种感情）；

21、把-分类；使分解 break in 强行闯入，破门而入 break in (on sth) 打断，搅扰 break into sth 强行闯入；突然开始笑，突然开始跑；成功打入 break off 断开，折断；中断，停顿 break sth off 使折断，突然终止break out （战斗等）爆发 break out of sth 逃离（某地）；摆脱某种状况 break through 取得突破；冲破，突破；战胜，克服【练习】 1. Negotiations between the two sides have_.双方之间的谈判失败了。2. As the Presidents car dre

22、w up, the crowd_ loud applause. 人群爆发出一片掌声。 3. Burglars _while we were away. 当我们不在家时，强盗闯了进来。 4. He_ in the middle of a sentence. 他在一个句子中间停顿了。 5. They had escaped to America shortly before war_ in 1929. 在战争爆发前不久，他们已经逃往美国了。 6. Scientists think they are beginning to _in the fight against cancer. 在抗癌战争中取

23、得突破Module 8 Unit 2 language points Welcome to the unit & reading1. Last night, I witnessed the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccinis world-famous opera,Turandot. 在这里witness 是一个动词，解释为“亲眼看到，目击”的意思。 Did you really witness the car accident that happened near our school? Police have appeal

24、ed for anyone_ to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。 作为动词，除了上面这个意思外，witness 还有“见证”的意思。 Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大了。 除了动词外，witness还可以作为名词来使用，解释为“目击者，见证人”等。 Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. 警察呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。 _ 杀人案的目击者2. Just imagine perfor

25、ming such an opera in the Forbidden citythere could not be a more awesome setting.(page 18,lines 8-9) 英语中否定词与比较级连用时，常常有最高级的含义。如： No one in our class studies harder than John does. = John studies hardest in our class. Nothing is more important than health. =_. I cant agree more. =_.3. The story then

26、takes on a classic love triangle between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.(page 18,lines 24-25)短语take on 是“呈现（某种外观，特征）”的意思。如： Our city now_. 我们的城市现在呈现出崭新的面貌。除此之外，take on 还可以解释为“雇佣，聘用；承担（责任）；装载”等意思，如： She was taken on as a trainee. 她受聘当实习生。 _承担责任 The bus stopped to take on (= pick up ) more passengers. 汽车停下让其

27、他乘客上车。take 相关的短语：take after 与（父，母）相像；追赶，追踪 take away 减少，减轻；带走 take back 使某人回想起；取回，退回 take down 拆除；写下，记下 take in 欺骗；吸入；理解；留宿；（将衣服）改小 take off （飞机）起飞；（事业）腾飞；脱下；突然大受欢迎；中止，取消 take to 开始沉湎于，养成-的习惯；开始喜欢，对-产生好感 take up 占用（时间，空间等）；开始学，开始从事；继续（他人未完的事），接下去【练习】1. Fish _oxygen through their gills. 鱼通过腮来呼吸。2. Th

28、e new magazine was really_. 这本新杂志真的火了。3. The smell of the sea _to his childhood. 海水的气味让他想起了他的童年。4. Your daughter doesnt _you at all. 你的女儿一点不像你。5. I was given some pills to _ the pain. 别人给了我些药来减轻疼痛。6. Reporters _ every word of his speech. 记者们写下了他演讲的所有内容。7. She_ the story where Tim had left off. 她从上次T

29、im停止的那边开始继续讲那个故事。 Task and project 1. The album included the song the Sound of Silence, which was a number one hit on the pop charts.(page 27)名词hit 通常指成功而风行一时的事物（如电影，音乐，图书等），或走红的人（如演员，歌手，作家等）。如： His newly published novel is a great hit. 他最近出版的小说引起了轰动。 a hit record 风靡一时的唱片 除此之外，hit 作为名词，还可以解释为“打，击”等。

30、如： Give it a good hit. 用力打它一下。 The bomber scored a direct hit on the bridge. 轰炸机直接炸中了那座桥。 hit v. (hit, hit, hitting) 击，打 _她用伞敲她的头。She hit the ball too hard and it went out of the court. 她击球击得太重了，结果球出界了。 产生不良影响，打击 Spain was one of the hardest hit countries. 西班牙是遭受重大打击国家中的一个。 使-突然想起 sth. hit sb. I cou

31、ldnt remember where Id seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me. 起初我不记得之前什么地方看见他，但突然想起了。 hit back (at sb) 回击，反击 hit on sth 突然有个好主意 She hit on the perfect title for her new novel. 她灵机一动为自己的新小说找到了理想的书名。 In a TV interview, she hit back at her critics. 她在电视采访中反驳那些批评者。 2. While the blues was popular,

32、 as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.(page 30,lines 6-8)句中while 引导让步状语从句，解释为“虽然，尽管”= althoughWhile I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 虽然我愿意帮忙，但是没有太多可用的时间。除此用法外，while 还可以用于： 在-期间，当-的时候 We must have been burgled while we were asleep. 与-同时 Yo

33、u can go swimming while Im having lunch. (对比两件事) 然而，而 While Tom is very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，而他的弟弟是不可救药了。 Module 8 Unit 2重点短语Welcome to the unit &Reading1. 通用语言 the universal language2. 中国的戏剧演员 Chinese opera singers3. 在作品中担任主演 be cast in this production4-晚年的时候

34、toward ones end of life= in ones late life 5. -被设置背景于- be set in 6. 对-是绝佳的 be perfect for 7. 一场室外的演出 a performance outdoors / an outdoor performance8. 而不是，代替 instead of 9. 可能成为丈夫的人 a potential husband10 被判处死刑 be condemned to death11. 向求婚 ask for ones hand in marriage12. 未能猜出她的迷 fail to solve her rid

35、dles13. 食言 break ones promise14. 不久 shortly afterwards15. 对某人一见钟情 fall in love with sb. at first sight16. 向-表达爱意 express ones love for sb17. 呈现出经典的三角恋爱 take on a classic love triangle18. 不愿意结婚 be unwilling to get married19. 不迟于日出/日落 by sunrise /sunset 20. 拒绝做某事 resist doing sth 21. 杀死某人 have sb kill

36、ed 22. 因(不做)某事而责备某人 scold sb. for (not) doing sth. 23. 喜结良缘 unite in marriage 24. 死于心脏病 die of a heart attack25. 他以前的一个学生 one of his former students26. 将某剧搬上舞台 stage an opera 27. 结合了中西方优秀的人才 combine the very best of western and Chinese talents28. 只为皇帝所用 be only accessible to the emperor 29. 变成了一个美丽而

37、令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地 be transformed into the spot for a beautiful and sad love story30. -的重要因素 the key components of 31. 回到家中，最终心碎而死 return home to die of a broken heart32. 到处飞 fly about Word Power- Task 1. 学习演奏一种乐器 learn to play a musical instrument 2. 使得句子简洁明了的有效方法 an efficient way to make sentences conc

38、ise 3. 省略/ 删除 leave out 4. 真正参加演出的机会 a real opportunity to be cast 5. 在-中有一席之地 have a part/place in 6. 申请那份工作 apply for the job 7. 参加选拔 try out 8. 喉咙痛 have a sore throat 9. 张贴，举手 put up 10. 做某事太有趣了 its fun doing sth 11. 在西方音乐史上 in Western musical history12. 应得作为-的身份 deserve the status as 13. 充当他的第一个

39、音乐指导老师 serve as his first musical tutor 14. 帮助培养对-的兴趣 help develop ones interest in 15. 为某人获得金牌唱片 earn sb a gold record16. 致力于自己的音乐 work on his own music17. 结束了单身生活 give up the life of a bachelor 18. 聚会；收集 get together 19. 红极/轰动一时的人或事 a number one hit 20. 与-分手 split up with sb21. 音乐才能 musical talent

40、 22. 逐渐形成在某方面的兴趣 develop ones interest in sth. Project 1对-作简要回顾 take a brief look at-2. 扎根于- have roots in 3. 往往比较忧伤 have a tendency to be very sad4. 缺少变化 lack variety5. 太伤感，节奏太慢，不适合跳舞的伴奏 too sad and slow to dance to6. 突然出现，涌现 spring up 7. 反映他那时的心情 reflect his feelings at the time8. 模仿某人的风格 copy one

41、s style9. 将自由赋予音乐 bring the liberty to ones music10. 爵士乐的主要特征之一 one of the major characteristics of jazz11. 逐渐走向没落 go into a gradual decline12. 被一种新音乐趋势所取代 be replaced by a new musical trend 13. 常常被认为 be often thought of as -14. 将与融合起来 combine - with -15. 开始从事 start out 16. 使之在全世界变得流行 make it popula

42、r around the world17. 在电台播放 get played on the radio18. 截至当时最大规模的演奏会 the largest concert held up to that time19. 引领未来的先锋 be pioneers for what is to come20. 每隔几年 every few years21. 重现-的魅力 bring back the magic of22. 解散，粉碎 break up23. 几乎达到，差不多，接近 come close to doing 24. 转向/ 转行做某事 turn to sth. / doing st

43、h.25. 成为流行排行榜上的热门歌曲 become a hit on the pop charts26. 为所认可 be recognized as 27. 试图做某事 seek to do sth.28. 由于当时的偏见和种族歧视 because of prejudice and discrimination of the time Word study:a universal language/嫉妒是人的共同弱点/ cast a glance at/一项谴责这些凶杀事件的声明/ were condemned to a life of hardship./ 不要露面/are unwilli

44、ng to invest any money/ seize a chance /an opportunity/军队已经控制全国/ demands great patience/ he (should) go at once/ will be scolded by the manager for being late for work again/ showed no mercy to/ at the mercy of/ set a deadline of/ meet the deadline/ was again united with/ unite in fighting/ are root

45、ing for/ have a tendency to talk too much/她总是非常小心谨慎/ declined by 10%/ I declined (the invitation)/ 迅速/急剧/逐渐下降/经济/社会/政治趋势/潜在趋势/ a trend towards/to more violent films/ have set a new trend/他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方/ seeking new ways of expanding our membership./ broke up/ was broken up/ broken down/ broke into/

46、 broke in/ broke off/ broke out/ break throughLanguage points: who witnessed the incident/ a witness to the killing/Health is the most important./I totally agree with you./ takes on a new look/ take on responsibility/ take in/ taken off./ took him back/ take after/ take away/ took down/ took up/ She hit him on the head with her umbrella.