山东省济宁市2020届高三英语下学期一轮质量检测试题

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1、山东省济宁市第一中学2020届高三英语下学期一轮质量检测试题（时间：100分钟 满分：120分）第I卷第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分。满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASix years ago, Sam Shapiros family adopted a 15-year-old boy from Cite Soleil, Haiti. A few years later, in June 2015, Shapiro wanted to learn more about where his brot

2、her grew up, so he visited his brothers hometown. What Shapiro saw was a small city where 100 percent of the population lived in poverty. He saw homeless children with no access to education, activities or safe spaces to play. He also saw a run-down, abandoned basketball court. Shapiro couldnt fix e

3、verything. But he could do something. “I thought athletics could be used to give kids opportunities for organized activities that could keep them off the streets,” said Shapiro. A year after his first visit, Shapiro returned to Cite Soleil with his friend Jack Moe. The next month, Shapiro and Moe th

4、en 16-year-old sophomores (大二学生) at the Blake School formed a nonprofit, called “Sprint to Cite Soleil”, to benefit the citys youth. The core program of Sprint to Cite Soleil is basketball, but it also consists of nutrition and community-building to benefit children aged 5 to 18. “Our mission origin

5、ally was to provide a new basketball court,” said Moe. “But we soon realized that a lot of kids wanted to play basketball, and more than just a court was needed. We sent jerseys, basketballs, basketball pumps and shoes. Hundreds of kids showed up for a clinic.” They soon hired 10 coaches and four co

6、oks to prepare nutritious meals for the 160 boys and girls who train every Saturday and Sunday. And they hired director Joseph Sadrack, a local native, whom Shapiro calls “trustworthy and right for the leadership position .” From the start, Shapiro, Moe and Sadrack agreed on how the program should d

7、evelop. “We are very much a partnership,” said Shapiro. “Personally, Ive seen a lot of organizations trying to help in foreign countries. They have their own mindset and want to do things their way.” “Im not living there,” he continued. “I dont know what they need. Before any decision is made, we as

8、k Joseph, What can we do? and, What do they need?” Now sophomores in college Shapiro at Wake Forest University in North Carolina and Moe at Stanford in California they continue their work as co-presidents of the nonprofit. Shapiro said its been a rewarding experience. “Im proud that, despite the som

9、ewhat of a language and cultural barrier, were able to communicate,” said Shapiro. “Im proud that others believe in us and trust us. Thats what were most proud of. Being able to create it and maintain it.”1. Why did Shapiro go to Haiti?A. To visit his brother.B. To do a part-time job.C. To help his

10、family adopt a kid.D. To learn about his brothers hometown. 2. What do we know about Sprint to Cite Soleil?A. It is only run by two American boys.B. It makes profits from the local government.C. It stopped after Shapiro became a sophomore.D. It provides resources for children and teens. 3. What does

11、 Shapiro learn from the program?A. The language barrier is a big problem.B. It will be great for his future career.C. It is difficult but gives him a good feeling.D. It is too expensive but he will continue.BI still remember I was 11 years old when I asked my mom for piano lessons in 2010. We were i

12、n the fallout of the recession (经济衰退). She said a polite “no”. That didnt stop me. I Googled the measurements for a keyboard, drew the keys on a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would click notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one keeping the sound they made on the c

13、omputer in my head. I spent six months playing without touching a real piano. Once my mom saw that I was serious, she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons. I still remember the first one. I was struck by how real the sound of the piano was. I sat my grade one after eight lessons. Once I started s

14、econdary school, we couldnt afford lessons again. I passed grade three, then grade five, practicing only on my piece of paper. One evening, when I was about 13, my mom said she had a surprise for me; it was an electronic keyboard, bought with more borrowed money. It was the first time Id played for

15、her. She was in shock. My school didnt offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The tryouts were difficult. Some of the questions involved an estimation (评价) of the composer or when it was written. I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement I was offered a place. At Purcell, I s

16、pent two years working as hard as I could. I performed to raise money and saved enough to buy my first piano. When I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize and senior academic music prize. I am now at the Guildhall School in London. I feel proud: its been 10 years since I drew my paper p

17、iano, and Im at one of the worlds leading music schools. The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what we call mental practice. The paper piano helped spark my curiosity about how music works, the building blocks that form the pieces.4. Why did the authors mom buy

18、 him lessons at last? A. She suddenly made a fortune. B. She had no doubt of his talent for piano. C. She realized he meant what he said. D. She was shocked by his first performance.5. Which of the following can best describe the author?A. honestand practical. B. determinedand hardworking.C. humorou

19、s and reliable. D. rebellious and pessimistic.6. The word “irony” in the last paragraph shows that the author was _.A. surprised B. absurd C. satisfied D. curious7. Whats the authors main purpose of writing this article?A. To introduce the method of mental practice.B. To share how he convinced his m

20、om to buy a piano.C. To encourage people to stick to their dreams.D. To describe how costly it is to learn an instrument.CWe say that technology is a double-edged sword while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of “social media” even has a gender preference in its damage: I

21、t cuts deeper into girls than boys. Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off “perfect” lives can hurt their own self-esteem. Thats not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bul

22、lying. Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression showing signs like self-harm and suicide has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at Th

23、e Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame. For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through

24、posts, which is a much more isolated experience. “Theyre not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR. And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also morevulnerablethan boys. “Girls face more pressure about their appearance

25、, which could be exacerbated (加重) by social media,” wrote Twenge. Shannon McLaughlin, for example, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US. She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. “I was constantly confronted by women with skinny bodies who were praised for

26、the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture,” she said. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. “Its so easy to forget the importance of real connections when

27、we have hundreds of people that were trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.8. What did Twenge find in her recent study?A. Overuse of social media harms teenagers mental health.B. Soci

28、al media does more harm to girls than boys.C. Girls suffered more from bullying than boys.D. Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers depression.9. Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad?A. Girls have less real-time interaction with people.B

29、. Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls.C. Girls suffer more pressure on social media.D. Girls usually desire more contact with others.10. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”.A. adjusting oneself wellB. fighting back bravelyC. being unconcerne

30、d about something D. being likely to be at risk of something11. What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do?A. Ignore social media and stop following a diet.B. Connect more with the real world.C. Constantly take part in volunteer work.D. Make better use of phones for socializing.DOn the summer o

31、f 1995, a second-year graduate student named Sergey Brin was giving a tour of Stanford University to prospective students. Larry Page, an engineering graduate from the University of Michigan, was one of those being shown around the campus. “We both found each other obnoxious and annoying with strong

32、 opinions about things,” said Brin. “But we said it a little bit jokingly. Obviously, we spent a lot of time talking to each other, so there was something there.”The technology of the web at the time meant that people could tell where a webpage linked to just by reading its code. However, to get a c

33、omplete list of every page to which it linked, they needed to check every other website on the Internet. Pages “BackRub” project aimed to qualify these backlinks (反向链接). It was a complex task that not only demanded vast computing resources, but also required extremely complex mathematics, which was

34、where the math genius Brin came in.Later, Page and Brin came up with the PageRank algorithm a ranking system which would prove to be a breakthrough idea. And then, BackRub became Google, a play on the term “googol,” meaning “10100.” The system successfully enabled users to search all 24 million page

35、s stored in its database.On September 15, 1997, G was registered. In August 1998, it got its first funding in the form of a check for $100,000 written by Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, to “Google Inc.” But still there were troubles. Later that month, Page and Brin moved into the

36、garage (车库) of friend Susan Wojcicki (now the CEO of YouTube), and received further investment from Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, among others. Early in 1999, Page and Brin attempted to sell Google to Excite, at the time the No. 2 search engine behind Yahoo, for one million dollars. However, even after

37、 the pair had been talked down to $750,000, Excite CEO George Bell rejected them. With no buyer in sight, Google started hiring engineers and moved to an office in California in March 1999. In 2001, Eric Schmidt was hired first as chairman and then CEO, leaving Page and Brin to continue developing G

38、oogles products and technologies respectively. By the end of its first decade, Google had effectively won the search engine wars.12.According to the article, what can we learn about Larry Page and Sergey Brin? A. They first met each other when studying at Stanford.B. They found their first encounter

39、 rather unpleasant.C. They had no intention of running a business initially.D. They got financial support from Stanford to work on the ranking system.13. Paragraphs 4 to 5 mainly talk about _. A. what motivated Page to launch the “BackRub” projectB. how the “BackRub” project led to the founding of G

40、oogleC. how the PageRank algorithm workedD. how Brin joined Page in carrying out the “BackRub” project14. According to the article, who did NOT make an investment in Google? Andy Bechtolsheim. Susan Wojcicki. Jeff Bezos. George Bell. A. B. C. D. 15. What may be the best title for the passage?A. The

41、Internet: how it changed the world B. Giant Google: how it beat Excite and Yahoo C. Excite: CEO regretted for refusing the best offerD. Google at 20: how two students changed the Internet第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Following the outbreak of the novel coronavir

42、us pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID -19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing the NCPs symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but its potentially more dangerous. Viruses could be de

43、adly, like HIV and Ebola. 16 How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they cant reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over. Viru

44、ses can infect every living thing from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. 17 Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections bring about no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to com

45、e along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 18 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system. But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 19 “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologis

46、t at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses dont leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded.” However, there are three main theories to explain the origin of viruses. First, virus

47、es started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells. 20 The technology and evidence we have today cann

48、ot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. A. But what are viruses?B. For the time being, these are only theories.C. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.D. The answer may be even less satisfac

49、tory than it now appears.E. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.F. Experts are concerned about the bad effect that it had on peoples health.G. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life.第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题

50、所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 These days, teenagers often have their noses buried in a cellphone or other electronic devices. They are often so 21 with whats happening on social media that they often 22 whats going on around them. But you 23 cant say that about this 17-year-old. Seeing 24 the teen

51、 helped an elderly woman who was 25 at the Dollar General just restored my 26 in our youth!17-year-old Senquavlous Driver joined his 27 , Connie, for a trip to the Dollar General. Theyd put down their shopping and were starting to pull out when Senquavious noticed a woman in her eighties struggling

52、to get out of her 28 . She succeeded but was having trouble walking. Senquavious wasted no time coming to the 29 !The teen jumped out of his aunts car without hesitation. He helped the elderly woman to the sidewalk and 30 with her into the store. She was there to get soda, but could hardly walk. The

53、 woman explained that shed recently 31 , hurting her back and face. So, Senquavious stayed with her the whole time, helping her get her shopping done, and then saw her back to her car. His aunt watched on, 32 by her nephews compassion. She pulled out her cellphone and took some photos. “I was in 33

54、taking pictures because he didnt hesitate to help her, and that made me happy,” she said. Connie proudly 34 the photos of her nephews act of 35 on Facebook, saying, “I hope he continues to do great things in his life. ”21. A. concerned B. associated C. satisfied D. pleased22. A. remind B. review C.

55、ignore D. notice23. A. generally B. actually C. basically D. certainly24. A. why B. how C. when D. if25. A. moving B. complaining C. struggling D. driving26. A. interest B. faith C. respect D. delight27. A. aunt B. mother C. teacher D. grandma28. A. car B. store C. home D. sidewalk29. A. conclusion

56、B. rescue C. end D. point30. A. dealt B. stopped C. continued D. began31. A. driven B. walked C. played D. fallen32. A. amazed B. inspired C. attracted D. touched33. A. sweat B. tears C. relief D. silence34. A. chose B. remembered C. shared D. described35. A. bravery B. kindness C. sympathy D. grati

57、tude第II卷第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijing HutongThe real culture of Beijing 36 (lie) in the culture of Hutong and Siheyuan (courtyards). How true it is! They have special appeal 37 tourists at home and abroad.Hutong is the name 38 (give) to a narrow lane or small stre

58、et between rows of courtyards,where Beijingers lived in the past. When 39 (view) from the air, one can see that lanes are like a chessboard with delicate gardens, fine rockeries and ancient ruins which make them a wonder in the world.Once one enters any of the lanes, one can feel the deep and warm r

59、elationships among people, 40 is rarely found in this modern world. On account of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, allowing the local people 41 (keep) in touch with their neighbors. In the lanes one can experience the life of the 42 (local). The public bathrooms and toilets can 43 (

60、find). Shops sell all kinds of goods that satisfy the local peoples daily needs.Gossiping in these lanes is a common scene as it is the main way for people to 44 (strength) their relationship.Where there is such a lane, there is a story. If one wants to explore the culture and experience Beijing Hut

61、ong food and Hutong shopping, aHutong touris 45 must-see. 第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)第一节 (满分15分) 假如你是李华,你的英国朋友Terry一直关注你所在城市的新冠状肺炎（COVID-19）疫情，他来信询问你的健康和高考备考情况，请你回复邮件，要点如下：1. 表示感谢；2. 空中课堂；3. 人生感悟。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇：air class 第二节 (满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。My

62、name is John and I must share with you an event which took place on Flight 1553 out of DCA. My wife and I were traveling to Miami to celebrate an achievement for her and as you can imagine, we were looking forward to fun, sun and laughter.We boarded the aircraft, without a care in the world. It was cold in Washington and we were ready for Florida. Shortly after taking my seat, I began to feel sick. I knew something wasnt right but just couldnt find out what was happening