考研考博-英语-黑龙江民族职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

《考研考博-英语-黑龙江民族职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-英语-黑龙江民族职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解（171页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-黑龙江民族职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but thats not how it used to be.To the men and women who 1 in World Warand the people they

2、 liberated,the G.I.was the 2 man grown into hero,the poor farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someo

3、ne well paid,5 an average guy up 6 the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isnt much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7.Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow

4、,Joe Palooka.Joe Magrac.a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I.Joe had a 11 career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character.or a 12 of American personalities,in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe,base

5、d on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports 16 the“Will

6、ie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war,the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,20

7、the most important person in their lives.18选？A.stagesB.illusionsC.fragmentsD.advances答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.由上文中提到士兵在战争中遭遇的艰辛和战争带来的严重后果，可推断中本句所描述的咖啡、土豆、威士忌等都是各地文化的部分。四个选项中只有C项fr

8、agments有“碎片，片段”的含义，故正确答案为C项。【命题思路】句内结构分析及语义逻辑。【干扰排除】A项stages意为“阶段”，B项illusions意为“幻觉，幻想”，D项advances意为“前进”，均语义不通。2.Text 3 The past five years have been a bad time to be a taxpayer in Europe.Across the continent,govemments have relied heavily on tax rises to cut budget deficits,increasing the total bur

9、den by almost 5%of GDP in France and Greece.But rather than raise taxes any further,many countries are startin8 to cut them.The European Commission reckons that the euro zones tax-to-GDP ratio stabilised in 2013 and is now falliry;.In January France announced plans to cut payroll taxes by 30 billion

10、.This month Italy unveiled income-tax cuts worth 10 billion for those earning less than 25,000 a year.This week Britain proposed tax cuts for most people on low or medium incomes.Ireland and Sptun are also planning tax cuts later this year.Lower taxes may be popular,but how are such giveaways being

11、financed?Few countries have Lhe scope to borrow much more.The commission has criticised France and Spain for repeatedly missing their deficit-reduction targets,though it is not taking action agsunst them.Italys high level of public debt,which hit 133%of GDP in 2013,has also landed it on the commissi

12、ons fiscalwatch list.Instead,most countries plan to pay for their tax proposals with public-spending cuts.Italy says it will reduce spendirg by an extra 7 billion this year and save a further 2.2 billion thanks to lower yields on its debt-though these figures may prove optimistic.The politician8 hop

13、e that lower taxes will boost growth.As euro-zone countries cannot devalue or lower their own interest rates,tax cuts are one of the few ways of trimming business costs fast,says Guillaume Menuet at Citigroup.France and Italy both hope to improve their competitiveness by reducing the taxwedgebetween

14、 employerscosts and what workers actually take home.In 2012 this tax take reached nearly 50%of the payroll biU in France and Italy,against an OECD average of just 36%.Some economists doubt that cutting income tax,Italys approach,is the best way forward.Instead,they favour slashing Europes high emplo

15、yer-paid socild security charges,as France proposes to do.Ihis would directly lower labour costs,encouraging companies to hire extra workers as well as to increase their invesLmenl.That would aLso give a welcome boost to growth.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that_A.all domestic taxes w

16、ill be cut in France soonB.lax cut may be a good news to some BritonsC.most people in Italy benefit trom the tax cutD.low-income people neednt pay tax in Ireland答案：B 本题解析：推理题。定位到第二段。选项Aall domeslic taxessoon等词过于肯定，从该段第一句提到France的句子中未能推断出来，故该项错误。选项B对应该段第三句，该句提到“英国提议减少大多数中低收入人群的税收”，故该项推理“减税对于一些英国人来说是好

17、消息”是正确的。选项c对应第二句，该句指出：意大利为年薪低于2.5万欧元的人减税，但是有多少人并不知道，故该项的most people benefit无法推断出来，该项错误。选项D对应最后一句，原文只是提到爱尔兰计划减税，并没有提到针对哪些群体，故该项错误。综上，答案为B。3.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiography or the management tome that promises to 2 the secrets ofbu

18、siness 3 0ne syllable.But inManagement in 10 WordsSir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting things to say about everything from the evolution of British so

19、ciety to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the grocery business 8 him with a ladder up:he started his career

20、 stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britains supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsburys and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but 11 the idea believi

21、ng it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britains largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduced loyalty cards in ord

22、er to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tescos entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to management:he got the 19 for one of Tescos most successful

23、innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.12选？A.supervisingB.managingC.operatingD.running答案：C 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据文章Today Tesco is Britains largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,in 14 co

24、untries（如今，乐购已经是英国最大的私营雇主以及世界第三大超市品牌，在14个国家）。只有C项operating“运行”符合文意，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项supervising侧重指运用本身的或被授予的权力来管理、检查工作，含监督意味：B项managing强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意，不符合文意，故排除；D项，runing指汽车、火车、公司、学校等一般团体的运营、服务、开办，强调营业，不符合文意，故排除。4.American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years

25、 now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration,and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market,the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign wor

26、kers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesnt change,American businesses,communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S.,the characterist

27、ics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Todays farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled,rather than migrating,and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the ag

28、e of 35.Now,more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along:Native U.S.workers wont be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013,economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on No

29、rth Carolinas farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers”in the state.This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer eithernot yet at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat have been largely me

30、chanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots currently do only a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa

31、 to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so,employe

32、rs frequently complain that they arent allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which re

33、move some workers and drive otherunderground.Petitioning each year for laborersand hoping the government provides enough,and that they arrive on timeis no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry g

34、rowers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access to a reliable workforce,more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh pro

35、duce,which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural U.S.communities that might have benefited didnt.In effect,the U.S.can

36、import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler,streamlined,multi-year visa for agricultural workers,accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle

37、 with shortages and uncertainty,and the country as a whole will lose out.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?（）A.US Agriculture in DeclineB.Import Food or Labor?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs.Automation?答案：B 本题解析：本题目为主旨题。文章在第一段就提到美国劳动力缺乏，紧接着提到了现状以及解决方案的不足，然后在最后一段进行总

38、结，美国要么进口食品，要么进口劳动力。所以选项B最概括，最全面。5.Retrofitting houses to use less energy should be a no-brainer for homeowners.1 time,money spent on ways to reduce heat loss from drauShty houses should produce a 2 return in lower fuel bills.In practice,many are cauLious.Some improvements,such as solid-wall insulati

39、on and solar panels,can take over 25 years to 3 their initial cost.Few owners are willing to wait that long:by then many are likely to have.4 and moved on.Several governments have started finance schemes designed t0 5 this problem.Since 2008 PACE programmes have offered American homeowners loans to

40、6.improvements,repaid through higher local taxes on the property,7 it belongs to.In Brit.ain,Lhe Green Deal offers loans over a 25-year period,with repayments added to energy bills.Countnes including France and Canada have similar 8.In theory,these schemes should boost investment in common energy-sa

41、ving measures,such as extra insulation and new boilers,9 the first owner does not have to pay all the costs in advance.But enrolment rates have 10,according to Sean Kidney at the Climate Bonds Initiative,a thinktank.In Britain,just 1%of those assessed for the Creen Deal have signed up.In Berkeley,Ca

42、lifornia,home of the first PACE scheme,the 11 rate is similarly low.Homeowners are 12 chiefly because the interest raLes on the loans look high.The Green Deal charges 7%;some PACE schemes a hefty 8%.As these rates are fixed for decades,they will 13 look unattractive when（as now）short-term interest r

43、ates are low.Many people als0 14 they will save enough on their energy biUs to cover the repayments.For instance,15 in Britain that installing loft insulation can cut energy bills by 20%have been dented by a government study that found it 16 gas consumption by only 1.7%on average.Others fear that gr

44、een loans may reduce the value of their home.In America,firms that undewrite mortgages are 17 PACE loans.Green loans have not been a failure everywhere.Around 250,000 households in Germany 18 for them each year.They do so 19 they need pay only 1%interest on them each yeu,thanks to an annual public s

45、ubsidy of 1.5 billion.Whether that is a（an）20 use of taxpayersmoney is another question.14选？A.coniendB.doubtC.concliideD.debate答案：B 本题解析：动词辨析题。Acontend主张；Bdoubt怀疑；Cconclude总结；Ddebate辩论。该空前的also说明本句与上文是并列关系，而上文出现大量负面词汇，说明该空填人的词也应该偏向负面，选项AlCD显然都偏向中性，只有B带有负面之意，故本题选择B意为“许多人怀疑自己是否能节省下足够的能源费用来还款。”6.It sho

46、uld not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especia

47、lly high among those under 25 and over 65 years old.We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s.While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the ev

48、idence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline

49、and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of peoples relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical he

50、alth,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lts time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16

51、relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted pub

52、lic health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 2

53、0 0ther priorities in impact.13选？A.identifiedB.classifiedC.simplifiedD.modified答案：A 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据句意，你甚至更有可能克服社会经济上的不利因素，迅速从疾病中恢复过来，从而活得更久。哈佛大学的一项研究对数百人进行了长达75年的跟踪调查，人际关系质量是他们身体健康、长寿和生活质量最明显的预测指标。空缺处后半句为研究结果，也就是经过研究确定的某种结果，故A项为正确选项，【干扰排除】B、C、D项均不能表明后半句为研究的结果，语义不搭，故排除。7.Its true that high-school codin

54、g classes arent essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a fewi ntroductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn co

55、mputer science,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbersbut a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using

56、 code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortinasaid.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes a

57、re packed to the brim,which candrivet heless-experiencedor-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try

58、to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students aredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages hav

59、e a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learnhow to think logically through a problem and organize the resultsapply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the sta

60、te of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computersin their pockets,in their offices,in their homesforthe rest of their lives.The younger they lear

61、n how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they wantthe earlier they learn that they have the power to do thatthe better.Theword“coax”（Line4,Para.6）is closest in meaning to_.A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguide答案：A 本题解析：根据题干关键词“coax”（Line3,Para.6）可以定位到最后一段第四句中的how to coax

62、 the machine into producing what they want，意思为“如何让电脑生产他们想要的东西”，与上文的how computers think并列，都是学生要学习的内容，由此可知，此处的coax的含义应该是积极的，故正确答案为A。8.Text 4 The Big Mac index is built on the idea of purchasing-power parity,the theory that in the long run currencies will converge until the same amount of money buys th

63、e same amount of goods and services in every country.A Big Mac cunently costs$5.06 in America but just 10.75 lira（$2.75）in Turkey,implying that the lira is undenalued.However,ot:her currencies are even cheaper.In Big Mac tenns,the Mexican peso is underval-ued by 55.9%against the greenback.Last week

64、it also hit a record low as Mr Trump restated some of his campaign threats against Mexico.The peso has lost a tenth of iLs value against the dollar since November.Of big countries,only Russia offers a cheaper Big Mac,in dollar terms,even though the rouble has strengthened over the past year.The euro zone is also prey to political uncerLainty.Elections are scheduled this year in the Netherlands,France and Germany,and possible in Italy.The euro recently fell to its lowest level since 2003.Britains Brexit vote has had an even bigger effect on the pound